The document discusses the radicalization and recruitment of children by terrorist and violent extremist groups. It notes that online radicalization of children has increased significantly in recent years. While Islamist extremism has long been a threat, right-wing extremism is growing and responsible for many attacks in Western nations. Terrorist groups exploit conditions like armed conflicts, weak governance, and social media to target vulnerable children and radicalize them using a variety of methods that vary by region and ideology of the group. The exploitation of children for extremism is a global crisis negatively impacting youth worldwide.
The Radicalisation and Recruitment game_ How Terrorist and Violent Extremist ...Cecilia Polizzi
In this Q&A discussion, our Chief Executive Officer, Cecilia Polizzi, addressed crucial issues of concern. The topics explored included the growing online radicalization among children, an evaluation of the UK's Prevent program, and the challenges facing children within the Sahel region.
International terrorism scope, causes and the role of education in combating ...SARON MESSEMBE OBIA
The global dimension of international security and violence has stimulated the rise of youth in the world and Africa in particular. The focus is no longer on policing terrorism, but rather understanding the mutations and how education can help combat terrorism.
Children Affected by the Foreign Fighter Phenomenon: Guidelines on the Preven...Cecilia Polizzi
The 2023 Children Affected by the Foreign Fighter Phenomenon (CAFF) Series aims to provide insight and advice for states, professionals, practitioners, and other relevant stakeholders. The CAFF expounds the trajectory of child involvement with the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) in relation to the foreign fighter phenomenon and the life-cycle of the present scenario, offering solutions across sectors and disciplines and tackling the full range of issues it exerts. It encompasses key themes such as online safety, the Al-Hol crisis, repatriation, reintegration and rehabilitation, and offers four sets of Guidelines.
This line of effort by the CRTG Working Group proposes comprehensive, integrated and multi-faceted approaches to progress towards sustainable and meaningful solutions to the prolonged child protection and security crisis stemming from the issue of foreign fighters. Central to CAFF is ensuring that human rights, the rule of law, and children’s rights remain at the forefront throughout the development and implementation of interventions and programs.
These syntheses of accumulated experience and expertise on selected themes provide comprehensive, detailed, and nuanced overviews of their subject matter. The present Guidelines initiate this line of thematic work by the CRTG Working Group in a very important area - the online ecosystem of terrorism and violent extremism. It is the result of CRTG Working Group specialized knowledge and draws from a CRTG Working Group-led technical session with Ms. Hallie Stern, Founder and Director of Mad Mirror Media, and Mr. Ardian Shajkovci, Co-Founder and Director of the American Counterterrorism Targeting and Resilience Institute, concerned with preventing and mitigating harms against children in the digital sphere. Thus, acknowledging how ISIL and other terrorist and violent extremist actors exploit technological innovation, social media, and the Internet to entice, mobilize, recruit and radicalize children and seeking to enable appropriate responses, guaranteeing online safety and a secure online experience for all children and young people.
Prevention of Radicalization on Social Media and the Internet in this Digital...Cecilia Polizzi
I am glad to share the first volume of the 2023 Children Affected by the Foreign Fighter phenomenon (CAFF) series. The CAFF is an undertaking by the CRTG Working Group expounding the trajectory of child involvement with the Islamic State in relation to the foreign fighter phenomenon and offering solutions across sectors and disciplines.
The present Guidelines initiate this line of thematic work in a very important area - the online ecosystem of terrorism and violent extremism. The Recommendations are categorized into three distinct sections, specifically designed to cater to the roles and responsibilities of different stakeholders, including digital communications technology providers, policymakers, and non-professionals.
This month marks a noteworthy achievement for the CRTG Working Group as we ob...Cecilia Polizzi
As we commemorate the CRTG Working Group inaugural five-year anniversary, I am pleased to share with you this message, where I reflect on our trajectory and lay my vision for the future.
On the occasion of this milestone, it is important to acknowledge how far we have come but also to recognize how much work remains to be done. The recruitment and radicalization of children is an increasingly pressing issue. The ramifications of inaction, as evidenced by the current manifestations of child involvement with terrorism and violent extremism, carry weight and substance.
I extend my heartfelt thanks to everyone who has accompanied us so far on this journey. Vision, resilience, strategic thinking, empathy, and commitment to excellence are qualities that propelled CRTG Working Group throughout its first five years and which will continue to inspire us as we blaze new trails and rise to new heights.
https://www.linkedin.com/posts/cecilia-polizzi-2a9663143_a-new-chapter-for-crtg-working-group-a-message-activity-7177998957522919425-pPX8?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop
The Radicalisation and Recruitment game_ How Terrorist and Violent Extremist ...Cecilia Polizzi
In this Q&A discussion, our Chief Executive Officer, Cecilia Polizzi, addressed crucial issues of concern. The topics explored included the growing online radicalization among children, an evaluation of the UK's Prevent program, and the challenges facing children within the Sahel region.
International terrorism scope, causes and the role of education in combating ...SARON MESSEMBE OBIA
The global dimension of international security and violence has stimulated the rise of youth in the world and Africa in particular. The focus is no longer on policing terrorism, but rather understanding the mutations and how education can help combat terrorism.
Children Affected by the Foreign Fighter Phenomenon: Guidelines on the Preven...Cecilia Polizzi
The 2023 Children Affected by the Foreign Fighter Phenomenon (CAFF) Series aims to provide insight and advice for states, professionals, practitioners, and other relevant stakeholders. The CAFF expounds the trajectory of child involvement with the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) in relation to the foreign fighter phenomenon and the life-cycle of the present scenario, offering solutions across sectors and disciplines and tackling the full range of issues it exerts. It encompasses key themes such as online safety, the Al-Hol crisis, repatriation, reintegration and rehabilitation, and offers four sets of Guidelines.
This line of effort by the CRTG Working Group proposes comprehensive, integrated and multi-faceted approaches to progress towards sustainable and meaningful solutions to the prolonged child protection and security crisis stemming from the issue of foreign fighters. Central to CAFF is ensuring that human rights, the rule of law, and children’s rights remain at the forefront throughout the development and implementation of interventions and programs.
These syntheses of accumulated experience and expertise on selected themes provide comprehensive, detailed, and nuanced overviews of their subject matter. The present Guidelines initiate this line of thematic work by the CRTG Working Group in a very important area - the online ecosystem of terrorism and violent extremism. It is the result of CRTG Working Group specialized knowledge and draws from a CRTG Working Group-led technical session with Ms. Hallie Stern, Founder and Director of Mad Mirror Media, and Mr. Ardian Shajkovci, Co-Founder and Director of the American Counterterrorism Targeting and Resilience Institute, concerned with preventing and mitigating harms against children in the digital sphere. Thus, acknowledging how ISIL and other terrorist and violent extremist actors exploit technological innovation, social media, and the Internet to entice, mobilize, recruit and radicalize children and seeking to enable appropriate responses, guaranteeing online safety and a secure online experience for all children and young people.
Prevention of Radicalization on Social Media and the Internet in this Digital...Cecilia Polizzi
I am glad to share the first volume of the 2023 Children Affected by the Foreign Fighter phenomenon (CAFF) series. The CAFF is an undertaking by the CRTG Working Group expounding the trajectory of child involvement with the Islamic State in relation to the foreign fighter phenomenon and offering solutions across sectors and disciplines.
The present Guidelines initiate this line of thematic work in a very important area - the online ecosystem of terrorism and violent extremism. The Recommendations are categorized into three distinct sections, specifically designed to cater to the roles and responsibilities of different stakeholders, including digital communications technology providers, policymakers, and non-professionals.
This month marks a noteworthy achievement for the CRTG Working Group as we ob...Cecilia Polizzi
As we commemorate the CRTG Working Group inaugural five-year anniversary, I am pleased to share with you this message, where I reflect on our trajectory and lay my vision for the future.
On the occasion of this milestone, it is important to acknowledge how far we have come but also to recognize how much work remains to be done. The recruitment and radicalization of children is an increasingly pressing issue. The ramifications of inaction, as evidenced by the current manifestations of child involvement with terrorism and violent extremism, carry weight and substance.
I extend my heartfelt thanks to everyone who has accompanied us so far on this journey. Vision, resilience, strategic thinking, empathy, and commitment to excellence are qualities that propelled CRTG Working Group throughout its first five years and which will continue to inspire us as we blaze new trails and rise to new heights.
https://www.linkedin.com/posts/cecilia-polizzi-2a9663143_a-new-chapter-for-crtg-working-group-a-message-activity-7177998957522919425-pPX8?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop
Right-Wing Extremism: Children´s Perspectives, Policy and Practice.pdfCecilia Polizzi
On April 7, 2022 the CRTG Working Group hosted an Expert Briefing on Violent Right-Wing Extremism: Children ́ s Perspectives, Policy and Practice by Mr. Robert Örell, EU Radicalisation Awareness Network. The purpose of this paper is to offer a series of recommendations to policy-makers and practitioners responsible for preventing and countering child radicalization to Right-Wing Extremism (RWE). This guidance is the result of shared insights, lessons learned, practical examples and policy recommendations from the joint meeting between the CRTG Working Group and Mr. Robert Örell.
Reply must be at least 250 words. For each thread, you must support .docxcarlt4
Reply must be at least 250 words. For each thread, you must support your assertions with at least 1 citations from sources such as your textbook, peer-reviewed journal articles, and the Bible.
***DOM**
Abstract
Transnational organized crime and terrorism were formerly two distinct issues for policymakers. After the end of the Cold War, many terrorist organizations could not receive finances from states and had to turn to criminal groups who had access to money and weapons. Thus, the pairing was an ideal one because it established a lucrative market where profits were garnered by the criminals and necessary goods and services were obtained by the terrorists. The nexus was built upon this market of necessity for both groups. Crime and terrorism overlap in the modern era because they each can be of assistance; the organized criminals can earn substantial amounts of wealth and terrorist organizations can receive the money and weapons needed for their political goals. In the end, however, it is global security which suffers as an effect of the cooperation between these groups. Both groups thrive when there is an environment of fear in the populace. Terrorist use this fear to try and force a government to do something they want, while organized criminals use fear to maintain control over their territory. Through these observations, it is evident that organized crime and terrorism do not align with a Christian worldview. Whereas the Bible conveys a life of righteousness, the shared link between criminals and terrorists is one of violence and self-interest.
Keywords
: transnational organized crime, terrorism, United States, global security, drugs, trafficking, Middle East, Colombia, Mexico
Transnational Organized Crime and Terrorism
Transnational organized crime and terrorism are two separate things which very often overlap with each other in a few different ways. One way is how terrorists are ideal customers for the weapons which organized criminals are attempting to sell for large profits. Secondly, terrorists can commit criminal activities to finance their ideological objectives. Lastly, transnational organized criminals can resort to terrorism against those political and criminal justice institutions which threaten their ability to grow and earn money as criminal networks. Thus, the nexus between the two is very clear; criminals and terrorists use immoral and illicit behavior for self-sustaining goals and without a coordinated global response, both will continue to prey on their targets.
Links Between Organized Criminals and Terrorism
There is growing evidence which reveals that terrorists and organized criminals are linked and evolving in the same direction due to the weakening of government reach and legitimacy in many parts of the world (Shaw & Mahadevan, 2018). This is the negative aspect of globalization since transnational organized criminals are already experts in their field of getting illicit goods to their destination an.
Class Presentation on Terrorism and violent extremism.pptGeorgeKabongah2
Terrorism and violent extremism are arguably Africa’s greatest security threats in 2021.
These non-state armed groups (NSAGs) reflect the fluid and variable nature of conflict systems today and are at the heart of some of the continent’s most enduring peace and security challenges.
Terrorist incidents and attacks against Jews and Israelis in the United State...Juval Aviv
Analyzing Five Decades of Incidents, Study Finds Synagogues Most Frequent Location of Attacks Against Jewish Community
New York (December 12, 2016) -- A pioneering analysis of attacks against Jewish and Israeli targets in the United States has found the severity of incidents has risen in recent years. The Community Security Service (CSS), a leading Jewish security organization in the United States, partnered with Yehudit Barsky, a counterterrorism expert, to conduct the study, entitled Terrorist Incidents and Attacks Against Jews and Israelis in the United States, 1969-2016. The report is an examination of the 104 most serious attacks and terrorist acts against Jews and Israelis in the US from 1969 through the present, out of the thousands of more general anti-semitic incidents and hate crimes that occur annually.
PREVENT Project: The Targeting of Children by Boko HaramCecilia Polizzi
Boko Haram insurgents abducted 276 girls from a school in Nigeria 10 years ago, sparking global outrage and the #BringBackOurGirls campaign.
Today, 89 girls remain missing, and 30 children were recently kidnapped in Katsina State. These events highlight ongoing challenges in securing the release of abducted children and the persistent threat of violent groups in the region.
The CRTG Working Group, monitors terrorist targeting of children in Nigeria and the Lake Chad Basin, understanding the strategic purposes behind such abductions.
Download the report here https://t.ly/iJdyf
We are thrilled to announce the onboarding of our new Non-Resident Fellow, Noor Huda Ismail, a catalyst for change in the realm of counter-terrorism and peacebuilding. His unique blend of academic rigor and on-the-ground impact has made him a global influencer, leaving a mark on the discourse surrounding extremism and rehabilitation.
With a Ph.D. focused on Indonesian Foreign Fighters, Dr. Ismail's journey has been both academically significant and personally profound. His dedication became evident during his journalistic stint when he discovered the involvement of a former schoolmate in the Bali bombings.
In 2008, Dr. Ismail founded the Institute for International Peace Building, providing solutions for the social rehabilitation of convicted terrorists. As an Ashoka Fellow, his influence extends globally, acknowledged through prestigious awards such as the EU Leadership and French Cultural Awards.
A true storyteller at heart, Dr. Ismail communicates the complexities of extremism through various mediums, including writings and documentaries like "Jihad Selfie" and "The Bride." His advocacy for a nuanced understanding of radicalization emphasizes countering online extremism and fostering communication changes that are crucial in our interconnected world.
Dr. Noor Huda Ismail's narrative serves as a compelling call to action, highlighting the essential role of rehabilitation and second chances in the journey toward sustainable peace. As a Visiting Fellow at RSIS | S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, he continues to shape meaningful conversations and drive initiatives in his areas of expertise.
Please join us in extending a warm and formal welcome to Dr. Noor Huda Ismail as our newest Non-Resident Fellow.
Guidelines on Managing the Humanitarian and Security Dimensions in Northeast ...Cecilia Polizzi
The al-Hol and Roj camps present monumental humanitarian challenges and a significant security concern, with children suffering exceedingly severe living conditions, exposure to violence, vulnerability to exploitation, as well as radicalization risks. The repatriation of children stands as both a moral imperative and a crucial political necessity, serving children´s well-being and preempting potential regional destabilization.
The second volume of the CRTG Working Group´s Children Affected by the Foreign Fighter Phenomenon (CAFF) Series offers guidance on potential avenues to improve humanitarian and security conditions for children, address legal and judicial challenges, mitigate child radicalization risks, as well as steps to support successful repatriation procedures.
https://www.linkedin.com/posts/cecilia-polizzi-2a9663143_children-affected-by-the-foreign-fighter-activity-7150189589364736000-qJir?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop
Children Affected by the Foreign Fighter Phenomenon: Guidelines on Managing t...Cecilia Polizzi
Introducing the second volume of our Children Affected by the Foreign Fighter Phenomenon (CAFF) Series! The CAFF is an undertaking by the CRTG Working Group expounding the trajectory of child involvement with the Islamic State in relation to the foreign fighter phenomenon and offering solutions across sectors and disciplines.
This report should be of interest to states, their United Nations partners, the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (AANES), and Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), along with the nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) who are focused on providing support to children in al-Hol and Roj.
The recommendations that follow include both potential avenues to improve humanitarian and security conditions for children, address legal and judicial challenges, mitigate child exploitation and radicalization risks, as well as steps to support successful repatriation of displaced populations and long-term security in the region.
We express our gratitude to Dr. Elie Abouaoun (DDS, MBA), Country Director Libya at the International Rescue Committee, and Mr. Zuhrab Saadi, Director of DAN for Relief and Development, for generously contributing their expertise.
Delighted to witness the continued growth of our team. Join me in extending a warm welcome to Thomas Wuchte, whose extensive experience bolsters our efforts in addressing children´s involvement with terrorism and violent extremism. We are eagerly anticipating the meaningful impact that Thomas will make as we work together.
We are thrilled to welcome Mr. Thomas Wuchte as an advisor to the CRTG Working Group!
Thomas Wuchte brings a wealth of experience to our team, having served as the former Executive Director for The International Institute for Justice and the Rule of Law (IIJ). A West Point graduate with a postgraduate degree in International Relations from the University of Illinois, his decorated public service background includes leadership in government and multilateral environments related to national security and counterterrorism.
Before the IIJ, he led counterterrorism efforts for the 57 participating States in the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) in Vienna, Austria. Throughout each period, he worked closely in a variety of formal and informal settings to advance #UN and global efforts working to eliminate extreme poverty, strengthen human rights and citizen participation, safeguard a sustainable planet, promote peace, and ensure dignity for all people. His efforts led to a multi-year project funded to emphasize the human rights aspects with particular emphasis on women and youth as key focus for partnerships.
Tom is the recipient of the U.S. Department of State Highest Award for Excellence in International Security Affairs for his efforts to work collaboratively with international partners. At present, he is the Founder of the Multilateral Collaboration and Cooperation Leadership (GCMCC), based in the Washington DC-Baltimore area and Bangkok. His focus is on empowering multilateral collaboration on non-traditional security issues such as climate change, while also working to balance resources for these new issues against the competing interests that often overlook the conditions conducive to violent extremism and terrorism.
Join us in welcoming Thomas Wuchte to our team! His expertise and dedication will undoubtedly enrich our initiatives towards addressing the involvement of children in terrorism and violent extremism.
Generational Warfare in the Sahel: The Khilafa Cubs and the Dynamics of Viole...Cecilia Polizzi
Over the last ten years, Africa has been a crucial strategic region for the Islamic State, with numerous affiliated groups receiving substantial backing. As threats from terrorist and extremist groups intensify, IS-linked entities are increasingly adopting the parent organization's strategies, placing particular emphasis on child radicalization.
Our analysis, led by Guillaume Soto-Mayor, delves into the role of children as pillars in the strategic continuity and expansion of violent insurgency in the #Sahel.
Read it here: https://rb.gy/y8wuju
Generational Warfare in the Sahel: The Khilafa Cubs and the Dynamics of Viole...Cecilia Polizzi
Over the last ten years, Africa has been a crucial strategic region for the Islamic State, with numerous affiliated groups receiving substantial backing. As threats from terrorist and extremist groups intensify, IS-linked entities are increasingly adopting the parent organization's strategies, placing particular emphasis on child radicalization.
Our analysis, led by Guillaume Soto-Mayor, delves into the role of children as pillars in the strategic continuity and expansion of violent insurgency in the #Sahel.
Last month, it was my pleasure to inform HQ Eurocorps Military Contribution to Human Security (MC2HS) in relation to NATO Policy on Children and Armed Conflict.
The effects of armed conflict on children are both direct and indirect, but always pervasive. Violations against children in armed conflict and near-conflict zones, as well as fragile states, span the broad spectrum of international legislative and normative frameworks and oftentimes amount to severe violations of the rule of law, fundamental rights and guarantees, including peremptory norms and jus cogens. The majority of violations have taken place in the past five years, underscoring increasingly severe, complex, and protracted protection crises.
Last month, it was my pleasure to inform HQ Eurocorps Military Contribution to Human Security (MC2HS) in relation to NATO Policy on Children and Armed Conflict.
The effects of armed conflict on children are both direct and indirect, but always pervasive. Violations against children in armed conflict and near-conflict zones, as well as fragile states, span the broad spectrum of international legislative and normative frameworks and oftentimes amount to severe violations of the rule of law, fundamental rights and guarantees, including peremptory norms and jus cogens. The majority of violations have taken place in the past five years, underscoring increasingly severe, complex, and protracted protection crises.
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Similar to The Radicalisation and Recruitment game: How Terrorist and Violent Extremist Groups Target Children - ctinsight.net.pdf
Right-Wing Extremism: Children´s Perspectives, Policy and Practice.pdfCecilia Polizzi
On April 7, 2022 the CRTG Working Group hosted an Expert Briefing on Violent Right-Wing Extremism: Children ́ s Perspectives, Policy and Practice by Mr. Robert Örell, EU Radicalisation Awareness Network. The purpose of this paper is to offer a series of recommendations to policy-makers and practitioners responsible for preventing and countering child radicalization to Right-Wing Extremism (RWE). This guidance is the result of shared insights, lessons learned, practical examples and policy recommendations from the joint meeting between the CRTG Working Group and Mr. Robert Örell.
Reply must be at least 250 words. For each thread, you must support .docxcarlt4
Reply must be at least 250 words. For each thread, you must support your assertions with at least 1 citations from sources such as your textbook, peer-reviewed journal articles, and the Bible.
***DOM**
Abstract
Transnational organized crime and terrorism were formerly two distinct issues for policymakers. After the end of the Cold War, many terrorist organizations could not receive finances from states and had to turn to criminal groups who had access to money and weapons. Thus, the pairing was an ideal one because it established a lucrative market where profits were garnered by the criminals and necessary goods and services were obtained by the terrorists. The nexus was built upon this market of necessity for both groups. Crime and terrorism overlap in the modern era because they each can be of assistance; the organized criminals can earn substantial amounts of wealth and terrorist organizations can receive the money and weapons needed for their political goals. In the end, however, it is global security which suffers as an effect of the cooperation between these groups. Both groups thrive when there is an environment of fear in the populace. Terrorist use this fear to try and force a government to do something they want, while organized criminals use fear to maintain control over their territory. Through these observations, it is evident that organized crime and terrorism do not align with a Christian worldview. Whereas the Bible conveys a life of righteousness, the shared link between criminals and terrorists is one of violence and self-interest.
Keywords
: transnational organized crime, terrorism, United States, global security, drugs, trafficking, Middle East, Colombia, Mexico
Transnational Organized Crime and Terrorism
Transnational organized crime and terrorism are two separate things which very often overlap with each other in a few different ways. One way is how terrorists are ideal customers for the weapons which organized criminals are attempting to sell for large profits. Secondly, terrorists can commit criminal activities to finance their ideological objectives. Lastly, transnational organized criminals can resort to terrorism against those political and criminal justice institutions which threaten their ability to grow and earn money as criminal networks. Thus, the nexus between the two is very clear; criminals and terrorists use immoral and illicit behavior for self-sustaining goals and without a coordinated global response, both will continue to prey on their targets.
Links Between Organized Criminals and Terrorism
There is growing evidence which reveals that terrorists and organized criminals are linked and evolving in the same direction due to the weakening of government reach and legitimacy in many parts of the world (Shaw & Mahadevan, 2018). This is the negative aspect of globalization since transnational organized criminals are already experts in their field of getting illicit goods to their destination an.
Class Presentation on Terrorism and violent extremism.pptGeorgeKabongah2
Terrorism and violent extremism are arguably Africa’s greatest security threats in 2021.
These non-state armed groups (NSAGs) reflect the fluid and variable nature of conflict systems today and are at the heart of some of the continent’s most enduring peace and security challenges.
Terrorist incidents and attacks against Jews and Israelis in the United State...Juval Aviv
Analyzing Five Decades of Incidents, Study Finds Synagogues Most Frequent Location of Attacks Against Jewish Community
New York (December 12, 2016) -- A pioneering analysis of attacks against Jewish and Israeli targets in the United States has found the severity of incidents has risen in recent years. The Community Security Service (CSS), a leading Jewish security organization in the United States, partnered with Yehudit Barsky, a counterterrorism expert, to conduct the study, entitled Terrorist Incidents and Attacks Against Jews and Israelis in the United States, 1969-2016. The report is an examination of the 104 most serious attacks and terrorist acts against Jews and Israelis in the US from 1969 through the present, out of the thousands of more general anti-semitic incidents and hate crimes that occur annually.
PREVENT Project: The Targeting of Children by Boko HaramCecilia Polizzi
Boko Haram insurgents abducted 276 girls from a school in Nigeria 10 years ago, sparking global outrage and the #BringBackOurGirls campaign.
Today, 89 girls remain missing, and 30 children were recently kidnapped in Katsina State. These events highlight ongoing challenges in securing the release of abducted children and the persistent threat of violent groups in the region.
The CRTG Working Group, monitors terrorist targeting of children in Nigeria and the Lake Chad Basin, understanding the strategic purposes behind such abductions.
Download the report here https://t.ly/iJdyf
We are thrilled to announce the onboarding of our new Non-Resident Fellow, Noor Huda Ismail, a catalyst for change in the realm of counter-terrorism and peacebuilding. His unique blend of academic rigor and on-the-ground impact has made him a global influencer, leaving a mark on the discourse surrounding extremism and rehabilitation.
With a Ph.D. focused on Indonesian Foreign Fighters, Dr. Ismail's journey has been both academically significant and personally profound. His dedication became evident during his journalistic stint when he discovered the involvement of a former schoolmate in the Bali bombings.
In 2008, Dr. Ismail founded the Institute for International Peace Building, providing solutions for the social rehabilitation of convicted terrorists. As an Ashoka Fellow, his influence extends globally, acknowledged through prestigious awards such as the EU Leadership and French Cultural Awards.
A true storyteller at heart, Dr. Ismail communicates the complexities of extremism through various mediums, including writings and documentaries like "Jihad Selfie" and "The Bride." His advocacy for a nuanced understanding of radicalization emphasizes countering online extremism and fostering communication changes that are crucial in our interconnected world.
Dr. Noor Huda Ismail's narrative serves as a compelling call to action, highlighting the essential role of rehabilitation and second chances in the journey toward sustainable peace. As a Visiting Fellow at RSIS | S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, he continues to shape meaningful conversations and drive initiatives in his areas of expertise.
Please join us in extending a warm and formal welcome to Dr. Noor Huda Ismail as our newest Non-Resident Fellow.
Guidelines on Managing the Humanitarian and Security Dimensions in Northeast ...Cecilia Polizzi
The al-Hol and Roj camps present monumental humanitarian challenges and a significant security concern, with children suffering exceedingly severe living conditions, exposure to violence, vulnerability to exploitation, as well as radicalization risks. The repatriation of children stands as both a moral imperative and a crucial political necessity, serving children´s well-being and preempting potential regional destabilization.
The second volume of the CRTG Working Group´s Children Affected by the Foreign Fighter Phenomenon (CAFF) Series offers guidance on potential avenues to improve humanitarian and security conditions for children, address legal and judicial challenges, mitigate child radicalization risks, as well as steps to support successful repatriation procedures.
https://www.linkedin.com/posts/cecilia-polizzi-2a9663143_children-affected-by-the-foreign-fighter-activity-7150189589364736000-qJir?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop
Children Affected by the Foreign Fighter Phenomenon: Guidelines on Managing t...Cecilia Polizzi
Introducing the second volume of our Children Affected by the Foreign Fighter Phenomenon (CAFF) Series! The CAFF is an undertaking by the CRTG Working Group expounding the trajectory of child involvement with the Islamic State in relation to the foreign fighter phenomenon and offering solutions across sectors and disciplines.
This report should be of interest to states, their United Nations partners, the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (AANES), and Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), along with the nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) who are focused on providing support to children in al-Hol and Roj.
The recommendations that follow include both potential avenues to improve humanitarian and security conditions for children, address legal and judicial challenges, mitigate child exploitation and radicalization risks, as well as steps to support successful repatriation of displaced populations and long-term security in the region.
We express our gratitude to Dr. Elie Abouaoun (DDS, MBA), Country Director Libya at the International Rescue Committee, and Mr. Zuhrab Saadi, Director of DAN for Relief and Development, for generously contributing their expertise.
Delighted to witness the continued growth of our team. Join me in extending a warm welcome to Thomas Wuchte, whose extensive experience bolsters our efforts in addressing children´s involvement with terrorism and violent extremism. We are eagerly anticipating the meaningful impact that Thomas will make as we work together.
We are thrilled to welcome Mr. Thomas Wuchte as an advisor to the CRTG Working Group!
Thomas Wuchte brings a wealth of experience to our team, having served as the former Executive Director for The International Institute for Justice and the Rule of Law (IIJ). A West Point graduate with a postgraduate degree in International Relations from the University of Illinois, his decorated public service background includes leadership in government and multilateral environments related to national security and counterterrorism.
Before the IIJ, he led counterterrorism efforts for the 57 participating States in the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) in Vienna, Austria. Throughout each period, he worked closely in a variety of formal and informal settings to advance #UN and global efforts working to eliminate extreme poverty, strengthen human rights and citizen participation, safeguard a sustainable planet, promote peace, and ensure dignity for all people. His efforts led to a multi-year project funded to emphasize the human rights aspects with particular emphasis on women and youth as key focus for partnerships.
Tom is the recipient of the U.S. Department of State Highest Award for Excellence in International Security Affairs for his efforts to work collaboratively with international partners. At present, he is the Founder of the Multilateral Collaboration and Cooperation Leadership (GCMCC), based in the Washington DC-Baltimore area and Bangkok. His focus is on empowering multilateral collaboration on non-traditional security issues such as climate change, while also working to balance resources for these new issues against the competing interests that often overlook the conditions conducive to violent extremism and terrorism.
Join us in welcoming Thomas Wuchte to our team! His expertise and dedication will undoubtedly enrich our initiatives towards addressing the involvement of children in terrorism and violent extremism.
Generational Warfare in the Sahel: The Khilafa Cubs and the Dynamics of Viole...Cecilia Polizzi
Over the last ten years, Africa has been a crucial strategic region for the Islamic State, with numerous affiliated groups receiving substantial backing. As threats from terrorist and extremist groups intensify, IS-linked entities are increasingly adopting the parent organization's strategies, placing particular emphasis on child radicalization.
Our analysis, led by Guillaume Soto-Mayor, delves into the role of children as pillars in the strategic continuity and expansion of violent insurgency in the #Sahel.
Read it here: https://rb.gy/y8wuju
Generational Warfare in the Sahel: The Khilafa Cubs and the Dynamics of Viole...Cecilia Polizzi
Over the last ten years, Africa has been a crucial strategic region for the Islamic State, with numerous affiliated groups receiving substantial backing. As threats from terrorist and extremist groups intensify, IS-linked entities are increasingly adopting the parent organization's strategies, placing particular emphasis on child radicalization.
Our analysis, led by Guillaume Soto-Mayor, delves into the role of children as pillars in the strategic continuity and expansion of violent insurgency in the #Sahel.
Last month, it was my pleasure to inform HQ Eurocorps Military Contribution to Human Security (MC2HS) in relation to NATO Policy on Children and Armed Conflict.
The effects of armed conflict on children are both direct and indirect, but always pervasive. Violations against children in armed conflict and near-conflict zones, as well as fragile states, span the broad spectrum of international legislative and normative frameworks and oftentimes amount to severe violations of the rule of law, fundamental rights and guarantees, including peremptory norms and jus cogens. The majority of violations have taken place in the past five years, underscoring increasingly severe, complex, and protracted protection crises.
Last month, it was my pleasure to inform HQ Eurocorps Military Contribution to Human Security (MC2HS) in relation to NATO Policy on Children and Armed Conflict.
The effects of armed conflict on children are both direct and indirect, but always pervasive. Violations against children in armed conflict and near-conflict zones, as well as fragile states, span the broad spectrum of international legislative and normative frameworks and oftentimes amount to severe violations of the rule of law, fundamental rights and guarantees, including peremptory norms and jus cogens. The majority of violations have taken place in the past five years, underscoring increasingly severe, complex, and protracted protection crises.
The Radicalisation and Recruitment game: How Terrorist and Violent Extremist ...Cecilia Polizzi
I am pleased to have engaged in this Q&A session with CT Insight. Our discussion covered crucial subjects, ranging from the alarming increase in #radicalization among children to the recent evaluation of the UK #Prevent program, and the social, economic, political and security challenges in the #Sahel region.
https://www.linkedin.com/posts/cecilia-polizzi-2a9663143_the-radicalisation-and-recruitment-game-activity-7107793736901812225-9PEw?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop
Al Hawl Shame: Another Layer of Dante ́s Inferno for Children | by Cecilia Po...Cecilia Polizzi
In her latest contribution, our President/CEO Cecilia Polizzi analyzes the challenges hindering the repatriation and social reintegration of Iraqi children from the #AlHol camp in north-east Syria.
Al Hawl Shame: Another Layer of Dante ́s Inferno for Children | by Cecilia Po...Cecilia Polizzi
In June, the Iraqi government has performed another round of repatriations from #AlHol. In my latest, I explore the issue of stigma and the
Key points:
1. The 50% of Al Hol residents are children, most of whom do not exceed the age of twelve years, continue to be exposed to forceful indoctrination and IS-inspired violence, and critical protection gaps exist across all sectors.
2. The obstacles encompassing repatriation processes to Iraq remain significant including including risks of violence and the lack of adequate preparations in terms of safety, lodging, economic needs, and social reintegration.
3. The attitude towards Al-Hol children is marked by ostracism both at the official and community levels. These perceptions force severe stigmatization and a high risk for children of becoming victims of secondary violence by communities, law enforcement, and military forces following their return, and inhibit and prevent social reintegration.
4. Since no attempt has ever been made to isolate extremists from IDPs, refugees, and victims of ISIS crimes, including minorities or ethnic groups, in Al Hol, all children bear the long-lasting shame and stigma of ISIS proximity, whether this perception of proximity is accurate or not.
5. Paradoxically, the same policies that discourage the return of families, the social, economic, and political ostracization, exacerbate factors that contribute to extremism.
The Islamic State in Central Africa and the Centrality of Children in its Exp...Cecilia Polizzi
Last month, ADF militants stormed a school in Uganda in a tragic attack that resulted in the deaths of over 40 people, and more students were abducted.
In this analysis, our fellow Guillaume Soto-Mayor traces the trajectory of the ADF, and exposes firmly established ideological, financial, and operational links with the Islamic State.
An increase in the rate of child recruitment and use at the hands of ADF/ISCAP has significant implications. It coincides with the group's adoption of a Salafi-jihadi ideological stance, methods, and purposes of territorial expansionism and poses serious threats to the safety and rights of children and security in the region.
The Islamic State in Central Africa and the Centrality of Children in its Exp...Cecilia Polizzi
Last month, ADF militants stormed a school in Uganda in a tragic attack that resulted in the deaths of over 40 people, and more students were abducted.
In this analysis, our fellow Guillaume Soto-Mayor traces the trajectory of the ADF, and exposes firmly established ideological, financial, and operational links with the Islamic State.
An increase in the rate of child recruitment and use at the hands of ADF/ISCAP has significant implications. It coincides with the group's adoption of a Salafi-jihadi ideological stance, methods, and purposes of territorial expansionism and poses serious threats to the safety and rights of children and security in the region.
The Islamic State in Central African and the Centrality of Children in its Ex...Cecilia Polizzi
Violent extremist threats in Central Africa have been on the rise in recent years. The Allied Democratic Forces, an Islamist rebel group, established increasing ideological, financial, and operational ties with the Islamic State. This association also reflects in ADF/ ISCAP's increasing rate of child recruitment and use. In this report, our fellow Guillaume Soto-Mayor offers in-depth insights into the ADF/ISCAP's trajectory, strategies, and potential impacts in Central Africa and raises awareness of the need to address child protection risks across the region.
The Lived Experiences of Children in the Al-Hol Camp: Sytemic Deprivation, Tr...Cecilia Polizzi
We are delighted to share the latest analysis by our research fellow, Esther Brito Ruiz. This publication expounds the impact of sexual and gender-based violence and trauma on the social development of young girls in #AlHol Camp and uncovers the gendered patterns driving the replication of #ISIL´s ideology.
The Experiences of Children in the Al-Hol Camp: Systemic Deprivation, Trauma,...Cecilia Polizzi
We are delighted to share the latest analysis by our research fellow, Esther Brito Ruiz. This publication expounds the impact of sexual and gender-based violence and trauma on the social development of young girls in #AlHol Camp and uncovers the gendered patterns driving the replication of #ISIL´s ideology.
UNICEF Innocenti_Children´s Involvement in organized violenceCecilia Polizzi
I was honored to have participated in the UNICEF Innocenti roundtable on children's involvement in organized violence. It was an informative discussion, bringing together a diverse group of experts to exchange ideas on this crucial issue.
The current trends in child involvement with terrorist and violent extremist groups are a major concern:
1. The recruitment and use of children by UN-designated terrorist groups have risen sharply over the past two decades.
2. The landscape of terrorism and violent extremism has become more diverse and fragmented, with actors being empowered by advances in emerging technologies, adding other layers of complexity to this issue and enhancing risks for children and young people.
3. The radicalization of children and youth has become a primary focus for terrorist and violent extremist actors, with the potential to lead to their involvement in violent activities.
Moderation_Prevention of Child Recruitment and Radicalization: Online SafetyCecilia Polizzi
I am delighted to have moderated a panel discussion on the prevention of child recruitment and radicalization in the digital environment. It was an incredibly stimulating conversation that shed light on the ways in which children are targeted online, appropriate measures to limit the spread of violent propaganda and messaging, and ensuring online safety and a secure digital experience for all children and young people.
A process server is a authorized person for delivering legal documents, such as summons, complaints, subpoenas, and other court papers, to peoples involved in legal proceedings.
Understanding the Challenges of Street ChildrenSERUDS INDIA
By raising awareness, providing support, advocating for change, and offering assistance to children in need, individuals can play a crucial role in improving the lives of street children and helping them realize their full potential
Donate Us
https://serudsindia.org/how-individuals-can-support-street-children-in-india/
#donatefororphan, #donateforhomelesschildren, #childeducation, #ngochildeducation, #donateforeducation, #donationforchildeducation, #sponsorforpoorchild, #sponsororphanage #sponsororphanchild, #donation, #education, #charity, #educationforchild, #seruds, #kurnool, #joyhome
This session provides a comprehensive overview of the latest updates to the Uniform Administrative Requirements, Cost Principles, and Audit Requirements for Federal Awards (commonly known as the Uniform Guidance) outlined in the 2 CFR 200.
With a focus on the 2024 revisions issued by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), participants will gain insight into the key changes affecting federal grant recipients. The session will delve into critical regulatory updates, providing attendees with the knowledge and tools necessary to navigate and comply with the evolving landscape of federal grant management.
Learning Objectives:
- Understand the rationale behind the 2024 updates to the Uniform Guidance outlined in 2 CFR 200, and their implications for federal grant recipients.
- Identify the key changes and revisions introduced by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) in the 2024 edition of 2 CFR 200.
- Gain proficiency in applying the updated regulations to ensure compliance with federal grant requirements and avoid potential audit findings.
- Develop strategies for effectively implementing the new guidelines within the grant management processes of their respective organizations, fostering efficiency and accountability in federal grant administration.
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
Russian anarchist and anti-war movement in the third year of full-scale warAntti Rautiainen
Anarchist group ANA Regensburg hosted my online-presentation on 16th of May 2024, in which I discussed tactics of anti-war activism in Russia, and reasons why the anti-war movement has not been able to make an impact to change the course of events yet. Cases of anarchists repressed for anti-war activities are presented, as well as strategies of support for political prisoners, and modest successes in supporting their struggles.
Thumbnail picture is by MediaZona, you may read their report on anti-war arson attacks in Russia here: https://en.zona.media/article/2022/10/13/burn-map
Links:
Autonomous Action
http://Avtonom.org
Anarchist Black Cross Moscow
http://Avtonom.org/abc
Solidarity Zone
https://t.me/solidarity_zone
Memorial
https://memopzk.org/, https://t.me/pzk_memorial
OVD-Info
https://en.ovdinfo.org/antiwar-ovd-info-guide
RosUznik
https://rosuznik.org/
Uznik Online
http://uznikonline.tilda.ws/
Russian Reader
https://therussianreader.com/
ABC Irkutsk
https://abc38.noblogs.org/
Send mail to prisoners from abroad:
http://Prisonmail.online
YouTube: https://youtu.be/c5nSOdU48O8
Spotify: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/libertarianlifecoach/episodes/Russian-anarchist-and-anti-war-movement-in-the-third-year-of-full-scale-war-e2k8ai4
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
Presentation by Jared Jageler, David Adler, Noelia Duchovny, and Evan Herrnstadt, analysts in CBO’s Microeconomic Studies and Health Analysis Divisions, at the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists Summer Conference.
Donate to charity during this holiday seasonSERUDS INDIA
For people who have money and are philanthropic, there are infinite opportunities to gift a needy person or child a Merry Christmas. Even if you are living on a shoestring budget, you will be surprised at how much you can do.
Donate Us
https://serudsindia.org/how-to-donate-to-charity-during-this-holiday-season/
#charityforchildren, #donateforchildren, #donateclothesforchildren, #donatebooksforchildren, #donatetoysforchildren, #sponsorforchildren, #sponsorclothesforchildren, #sponsorbooksforchildren, #sponsortoysforchildren, #seruds, #kurnool
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
MHM Roundtable Slide Deck WHA Side-event May 28 2024.pptx
The Radicalisation and Recruitment game: How Terrorist and Violent Extremist Groups Target Children - ctinsight.net.pdf
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CT Insight interviews Cecilia Polizzi, Founder & CEO of
CRTG Working Group, Human Rights Lawyer and
Subject Matter Expert in the recruitment and
radicalisation of children by terrorist and violent
extremist groups.
Our conversation starts with the increasing reality of online radicalisation of
children, the recent review of Prevent, and then on to the global issue of
exploitation of children by terrorist and violent extremist groups.
CT Insight (CTI): In a recent interview with BBC Radio 4, Matt Jukes, the head of
UK Counter Terrorism Policing (CTP), said increasing numbers of teenagers were
turning their online extremism into active terror plots that could translate into
violence on Britain’s streets. Figures released by CTP showed that under-18s now
accounted for one in five arrests by counter-terror police, a five-fold increase
since 2019.
What do you think has caused such a dramatic increase, not only in the number of
The Radicalisation and Recruitment game:
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juvenile arrests, but also the number of referrals to the Prevent programme?
Cecilia Polizzi (CP): The surge in arrests and terrorism-related charges is
reflective of the escalating rate of child recruitment and use, radicalisation,
mobilisation, or otherwise exploitation by terrorist and violent extremist groups.
Although the involvement of children with terrorism and violent extremism
appears most apparent in the context of jihadist insurgent movements, this is a
key manifestation across the ideological spectrum, including Islamist and right-
wing extremist groups alike. Children and young people present enhanced
vulnerabilities compared to adults and become targets of violent parties in view
of the same. In addition, technological innovation provided terrorist and violent
extremist organisations heightened opportunities to operate in anonymity and in
a truly transnational way across the Internet, social media, gaming platforms, and
the dark web, among others, magnifying their reach in unprecedented ways.
Children and youth also constitute a significant demographic within the user base
of the Internet and social media platforms. In fact, recent statistics reveal that an
estimated 71% of the global population in this age cohort may face regular
exposure to propaganda campaigns, radicalisation and/or recruitment risks.
A sole examination of referral data, however, fails to yield accurate insights into
youth radicalisation issues within the UK or other countries adopting the same
mechanism. This limitation arises from the fact that referrals and instances of
radicalisation to violent extremism do not maintain a 1:1 ratio. Behaviours that
may be symptomatic of radicalisation or structural and individual factors
commonly understood as precursors to radicalisation may also manifest in
individuals who do not present an ideological attachment, disposition, or
readiness to undertake violent action. In addition, there may exist a lack of
consensus across different communities on what constitutes ‘extremist’ or
‘radical’ ideas or behaviour, resulting in a lack of coherence in reporting.
CTI: The Independent Reviewer of Prevent, William Shawcross, repeatedly
referred to Islamist Extremism as being the main threat to society, as “…the facts
clearly demonstrate that the most lethal threat (sic: to the UK) in the last 20 years
has come from Islamism, and this threat continues”.
Do you think that this is an accurate reflection of the current situation in the UK,
given that the number of referrals to the Prevent programme related to concerns
about extreme right-wing radicalisation accounts for 20 per cent of all referrals –
ahead of referrals for Islamist Extremism, for the second year running.
Or is this an issue with the lack of an agreed understanding of what “Extreme
Right Wing” radicalisation actually is?
CP: Since the growth of terrorist movements and organisations in the Middle East
during the 1980s and 1990s, followed by the 9/11 attack and the Global War on
Terror (GWOT), the term terrorism has become synonymous with Islamic
radicalism. At the same time, other forms of violent extremism have been
relatively neglected. In recent years, right-wing extremists have carried out
multiple large-scale terrorist attacks in various locations, including Christchurch,
El Paso, Halle, Hanau, Charlottesville, Buffalo, and the United States Capitol,
among others. In the United States, right-wing extremists have been responsible
Counter
Extremism
Project.
Afghanistan
Terrorism
Report: July
2023
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for more fatalities in violent attacks than any other type of extremism. Across
Europe, there has been a resurgence of militant right-wing extremist groups,
networks, and incidents, marked by a surge in anti-immigration and Islamophobic
violence, as well as anti-government attacks and assaults on political opponents,
ethnic minorities, and the LGBTQ community.
While jihadi extremism has represented a major threat to national security in the
UK for the past 20 years and continues to remain prominent, this does not imply
that other forms of violent extremism are any less concerning or that threats are
not diversifying and evolving. In 2019, the Joint Terrorism Analysis Centre (JTAC)
expanded its threat level assessment to include right-wing extremism, and the
threat to the UK has reported a gradual upward trajectory with several high-
profile incidents and convictions. Right-wing extremism is recognised under
Prevent, including forms below the terrorism threshold. However, along with
other reported data, an increase in referrals for cases of right-wing extremism
must also be accounted for. The pervasive focus on violent jihadism has, in some
instances over the past twenty years, obscured terror plots initiated or carried
out by right-wing extremists, diverted P/CVE program funding to address jihadi
extremism almost exclusively, and overall led to an underestimation of right-wing
extremist threats. Tendencies to conflate terrorism and violent extremism with
jihadism alone may prove detrimental to security and shall be recognised to
adequately understand and address all forms and manifestations of terrorism and
violent extremism.
CTI: The global issue of exploitation of children by terrorist and extremist groups
seems to be a poorly understood crisis, which is affecting vulnerable children
from all continents, and all walks of life. Your organisation, The CRTG Working
Group, is dedicated to addressing the involvement of children with terrorism and
violent extremism, globally, and seeks to improve understanding and promote
prevention and mitigation efforts.
Are there differences in the methods that terrorist and violent extremist groups
use to go about recruiting, and radicalising children, geographically? Say, for
example, between the methods used in Europe, and those used in the Middle East
– in countries such as Syria, Iran and Lebanon?
Are there defining features that you can highlight between the continents of
Europe, Africa and the Middle East, and the USA, in terms of juvenile
radicalisation?
CP: Terrorism and violent extremism emerge, among others, in relation to
broader exogenous factors, including armed conflict and political and social
dynamics that are peculiar to a particular country-level or regional setting. In
addition, insurgent violent groups exploit existing conditions, frailties, and
vacuums to establish safe havens, operate, and advance their agenda, and these,
coupled with the fact that terrorism evolves with the countermeasures applied
against it, lead to various degrees of diversification regarding their modus
operandi. As a result, while it may appear reasonable that there is heterogeneity
in the temperaments and behaviours punctuating the recruitment and use of
children, no standard operating procedure or overarching modality is found. This
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Image: Pierre Holtz UNICEF CAR
is observable not only through an analysis of groups within the neo-jihadist
movement per se but also between jihadist and right-wing extremist actors. For
instance, ISIL originally emerged from the remnants of al-Qaeda in Iraq and as a
local offshoot of the group, pledging allegiance and officialising, at least at its
inception, its intent to promote a mirroring ideology and strategy. However,
notable differences between these groups traditionally existed and extended
beyond the phenomenology of child recruitment and use. This is particularly
evident regarding gender roles, gender considerations, and child portrayal in the
respective (IS/AQ) propaganda campaigns. Profound and numerous degrees of
diversification apply, therefore, within and across groups. It is important to
observe the context, socio-economic and political conditions, armed conflict
dynamics (if any), the doctrine, and countermeasures, among other factors.
A multitude of overlapping structural and individual factors, including but not
limited to a lack of socio-economic opportunities, marginalisation and
discrimination, poor governance, violations of human rights, individual
motivations, and political ideologies, constitute pathways to radicalisation.
However, radicalisation, including youth radicalisation, is a personal, non-linear
process that must also be contextualized. In armed conflict and near-armed
conflict scenarios or fragile states, a child oftentimes becomes radicalised due to
violent and forcible recruitment and indoctrination processes. In instances in
which the child may voluntarily decide to join a violent terrorist insurgent group,
this is in most cases to satisfy primary needs or the result of deceptive strategies
rather than due to an ideological attachment. Non-armed conflict settings, and
particularly instances of self-radicalisation, lone-wolf terrorism, present a
different outlook.
CTI: With the rapidly expanding
number of armed, violent conflicts in
Africa – specifically the Sahel region –
what are your overriding concerns for
the vulnerable, displaced children, both
in the short and long terms?
Is there a realistic threat that the likes
of ISIS, ISWAP and Al-Shabab will use
these conflicts to further exploit, and
radicalise children in the region?
CP: The Sahel region faces many
converging and complex social,
economic, political and security
challenges. These have further
deteriorated due to recent events and
are likely to persist. Jihadist
implantation in the Sahel can be traced
back to the end of the Algerian civil war,
which pitted security forces against
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Islamist armed groups. For years, al-
Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb used the Sahel as a rear base to gather wealth,
arms and local recruits and this led jihadist actors to develop on a more Sahelian
basis. Subsequently, other insurgent groups emerged, deepening, and expanding
the threat landscape. For years, several Sahelian governments as well as foreign
military forces sought to prevent and address rising levels of terrorism. However,
jihadists in the region have proven to be adaptable, and international and regional
responses failed to provide security. This in turn has hampered the efficacy of
interventions, the credibility of intervening parties, and emboldened terrorist
groups, making the Sahel increasingly violent. The region also presents some of
the highest population growth, significant increases in food insecurity, and
widespread displacement. Children and young people are confronted with a
complex, changing, and dangerous environment, which affects not only the way
they define threats and challenges but also their exposure to violent extremism.
The weakened capacity of central authorities to deliver essential public services
and security in vast areas has historically created vacuums and new opportunities
for criminal, predatory, and violent actors. The existing risks for children and
young people with respect to both child protection and security are likely to
worsen in the current scenario.
CTI: What more can international governments, aid agencies and NGOs do to
improve understanding of this crisis, and to mitigate against further escalation of
it?
CP: It depends on the specific country within the Sahel region under observation.
Nevertheless, these scenarios are rapidly evolving, characterised by high levels of
instability and insecurity across various dimensions, including political, social, and
economic. In some instances, the capacity to operate, and provide assistance is at
its minimum.
Cecilia Polizzi is a human rights lawyer, C-suite executive,
SME, and scholar with more than fourteen
years of experience in human rights, criminal and juvenile
justice, and other spheres of law, including
specific issues connected to matters of international
security, counterterrorism, and P/CVE. Polizzi is
an international expert in the modus operandi of violent
extremist organizations, with a high degree of
specialization in Salafi-jihadist actors, and widely
recognized as the foremost industry leader on the
recruitment, use, and radicalization of children by terrorist organizations. For over a
decade, she has
been at the forefront of international efforts to reshape paradigms and understanding
regarding the
involvement of children in terrorism.
You can contact Cecilia at: polizzi@crtgroup.org
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