The document provides an overview of the history and culture of the Indian state of Punjab. It discusses how Punjab gets its name from the five rivers flowing through the region. It then summarizes the state's long history of invasions and struggles for independence over the past 2000 years. Finally, it provides brief details on the demographics, economy, education system and tourism industry of modern-day Punjab.

1. The Punjab Presentation prepared by Pratik Kashikar

2. Map of India After independence Punjab

3. Why state named punjab? Punjab is ‘Punj’ means 5 & ‘Aab’ means Water. The name talking about the five rivers that flow through region. Name of the rivers Indus Jhelum Chinab Ravi Sutlej

4. Struggle of Punjab 316 A.D. The Great Sikandar comes to India, from that time Punjab’s struggle starts. During Mughal rule, there was lots of conflict, chaos, and political upheavals in the Punjab. Battles Against Mahomedians by Guru Teg bahadur and after than Guru Govind singh, Who was the last guru of Sikh's. Dulip Singh was proclaimed Maharaja of the Punjab in September 1843, who is the pioneer of empowerment of Sikh army which known as ‘Khalsa Army.’

5. Struggle of Punjab Jallian wala bag massacres- In Punjab, during World War I (1914-18), there was considerable unrest particularly among the Sikhs, first on account of the demolition of a boundary wall of Gurudwara Rakab Ganj at New Delhi and later because of the activities and trials of the Ghadrites almost all of whom were Sikh’s. killing of hundreds of unarmed, defenseless Indians by a senior British military officer Brigadier-General Reginald Edward Harry Dyer, which took place on 13 April 1919 in the heart of Amritsar, the holiest city of the Sikhs, on a day sacred to them as the birth anniversary of the Khalsa (Vaisakhi day).

6. Struggle of Punjab In Jallianwala bag above 1500 people killed, including women's and Childs. After Jallianwala bag chapter Punjab suffered till 1948. Because of partition, the most suffered state of India was Punjab. In between partition near about 1,oo,ooo people were killed in that ‘gadar.’

7. Some memories A flame that burns to remember the 1500+ innocent who were killed in cold blood at the Jallianwala massacre in 1919 at Amritsar, India. The Jallianwala Baug Memorial in Amritsar, India.

8. Partition Some dark moment of partition…

9. Punjab “The Land of Lions” Poras Chandragupt mourya Samrat Ashok Sikh Guru Govindsingh Lala Lajpatrai Bhagat singh & Many more…

10. Punjab “ The Birth place of vedic sanskriti ” Birth place of… Rig-Veda Upanishad's Ramayana Mahabharata 18 Puran’s It is also birth place of “Chanakya Nitishashtra.”

11. Punjab “ The Birth place of oldest civilization ” Indus sanskriti Harappa sanskriti Harappa sanskriti

12. A ncient History of Punjab The Punjab has long ancient history and cultural heritage… Before 3000 BC Aboriginals of Punjab 3000 BC - 2000 BC Indus Valley Civilization 2000 BC - 1500 BC Aryans Invade the Punjab 2000 BC - 500 BC Aryan Civilization, Vedas Composed in the Punjab Development of Caste System 800 BC Invasion of Punjab by Semiramis 650 BC Invasion of Punjab by Ancient Scythians 550 BC - 500 BC Persian Invasion of Punjab 550 BC - 400 AD Spread of Buddhism in Punjab 321 BC Invasion of Punjab Alexander 273 BC - 232 BC Period of Samrat Ashok 206 BC Invasion by Antiochus

13. A ncient History of Punjab The Punjab has long ancient history and cultural heritage… 165 BC Invasion by Eneradites 110 BC - 400 Scythians Invade Punjab, Rule 400 – 711 Turks, Kashmiri Kings Conquer 711 – 962 Arabs Invade Rajput’s Expel Arabs, Rule the Punjab 962 - 1186 Turks Invade , Ghaznivide Dynasty 1186 - 1205 Ghori Dynasty 1205 - 1288 Tartar Dynasty 1288 - 1321 Khilji Dynasty 1321 - 1395 Toghlak Dynasty 1396 Invasion of by Tymur 1416 - 1450 Dynasty of the Saied's

14. A ncient History of Punjab The Punjab has long ancient history and cultural heritage… 1450 - 1526 Lodi Dynasty 1469 - 1539 Period of Guru Nanak 1519 Moghals, under Baber, Invade 1526 - 1540 Moghal Dynasty 1539 - 1675 Period of 8 Sikh Gurus After Nanak 1540 Sher Shah Conquers 1540 - 1555 Sur Dynasty 1555 Moghals, under Humayun, Conquer 1556 - 1605 Akber Ascends the Throne, Rules 1605 - 1658 Jahangir, ShahJahan 1658 - 1707 Muhyuddin Aurangzeb 1675 - 1708 Guru Govind Singh

15. A ncient History of Punjab The Punjab has long ancient history and cultural heritage… 1699 Birth of the Khalsa 1708 - 1715 Conquests of Banda Bahadur 1713 Muhammad Farrukhseer Ascends the Throne 1739 Invasion of Nadir Shah 1748 Ahmad Shah 1764 - 1799 Rule of Sikh Misls 1799 - 1839 Rule by Maharaja Ranjit Singh 1849 Annexation of the Punjab 1849 - 1947 British Rule 1947 Punjab Divided Between and India & Pakistan

16. This shows that Punjab suffered by attacks from last 2000 years, then also its legacy remains & grow day by day. Its identity & culture survives. Today Punjab is the richest state of India. Punjab is the state who brings “ GREEN REVOLUTION.” Because of Punjab, Today India have more food then its need. Lots of personalities comes from this state in each & every field. Like in Politics, Sports, Arts and etc..

17. People The people of this state are very hospitable, enterprising and industrious. Today, this is one of the most developed states in India. The contribution of Punjab in the field of "green revolution", industrial development, sports and armed forces has been unique and unparalleled. Punjab is dotted with places of historical and cultural interest. This land is inhabited by the brave people who fought battles with invaders for centuries, and is very aptly called "Sher-e-Punjab" or the land of lions.

18. Punjab Demography Area: 50,362 sq Km Capital: Chandigarh Language: Punjabi Districts: 20 Population : 24358999 Males : 10,695,136 Females : 9,495,659 Literacy : 57.14%

19. D emographics of P unjab The Indian state of Punjab is 66% Sikh and 31% Hindu. There is a small Muslim population still living there, especially in Malerkotla. In recent times, there is growing concern in the state about the immigration of laborers from other Indian states such as Orissa, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. Around 15-20% of Punjab's population is now made up of migrants from other states. The literacy rate in Punjab is 75%, male literacy being 80.23% and female literacy is 68.36%. Being an agricultural state, a large part of the population lives in the rural area. Approx. 66% of people live in rural areas while the rest 34% is urban resident. The state has a very skewed sex ratio, according to the 2001 census there are 876 females per 1000 males in Punjab. Religion No. of people % of total Total population 24358999 100% Sikhs 16,656,345 63.60% Hindus 7,997,942 34.00% Muslims 382,045 1.57 % Christians 292,800 1.20 % Buddhists 41,487 0.17 % Jains 39,276 0.16 % Others 8,594 0.04 %

20. D istricts of P unjab Amritsar Ludhiana Barnala Mansa Bhatinda Moga Firojpur Mohali Fatehghar sahib Muktsar Faridkot Patiala Gurdaspur Rupnagar Hoshiyarpur Sangrur Jalandhar Sahid Bhagat Singh nagar Kapurthala Tarn Taran

21. G overnment and p olitics Government of Punjab , Politics of Punjab , and List of districts of Punjab The head of government is an indirectly-elected Chief Minister who is vested with most of the administrative powers. The state legislature is the unicameral Punjab Legislative Assembly, with 117 members elected from single-seat constituencies. The capital of Punjab is Chandigarh which also serves as the capital of Haryana, and is thus administered separately as a Union Territory of India. The judicial branch of the state government is provided by the Punjab and Haryana High Court in Chandigarh.

22. economy According to the India State Hunger Index 2008, Punjab has the lowest level of hunger in India. According to India Today, Leading magazine in India, Punjab has been awarded overall best state since, 2003 and has been able to retain the top position every year. It also affords best quality of life to its residents. Punjab (Land of the five rivers) is one of the most fertile regions on earth. Indian Punjab is called the "Granary of India" or "India's bread-basket". It produces 14% of India's cotton, 20% of India's wheat, and 9% of India's rice. The Firozpur District is the largest producer of wheat and rice in the state. In worldwide terms, Punjab produces 2% of the world's cotton, 2% of its wheat and 1% of the world's rice. Other important crops are rice, cotton, sugarcane, pearl millet, maize, barley and fruit. Excluding agriculture other major industries include the manufacture of scientific instruments, electrical goods, machine tools, textiles, tourism, sewing machines, sports goods, starch, fertilizers, bicycles, and the processing of pine oil and sugar

23. Some Beautiful Fields of Punjab

24. Education in Punjab Worlds first university “ Takshashila vishwavidhyalaya” was based in Punjab India’s one and only sports university “National Institute of Sports” based in Punjab Adesh Institute of Engineering and Technology, Faridkot Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar Punjab University, Chandigarh etc… There are near about 26 universities in Punjab

25. Tourism In Punjab Amritsar -Sacred city of the Sikhs, The Golden Temple, Gardens, Fort, Museums, Jallianwala baug. Taran Taran -Sikh Shrine. Dera Baba Nanak/ Govindwal/ Kiratpur -Sikh pilgrim center. Pathankot -Gateway to Jammu and Kashmir and the Valleys of Himachal. Patiala - Palace and Museum, National Institute of Sports. Ludhiana - Best place for shopping. Wagha Border - The Pride of India & Punjab Major Towns - Chandigarh, Amritsar, Patiala, Ludhiana, Jalandhar .

26. Some place you must see Motibagh palace Golden Temple of Amritsar Wagha Border

27. Transportation Public transport in Punjab is provided by buses, auto rickshaws and Indian railways. The state has a large network of multimodal transportation system. Air Punjab has six airports . Domestic airports are at Ludhiana, Patiala, Pathankot, Mohali. International airport, Sri Guru Ram Das Jee International Airport in Amritsar is the largest and most important airport in the state and is also the second busiest in North India after Delhi Airport. Prominent Airports in Punjab are: Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport Sahnewal Airport Pathankot Airport Patiala Airport Chandigarh Airport

28. Transportation Rail Almost all the major as well as smaller cities of the state are linked through railways. Amritsar is the largest railway station having trains connecting to all major cities. The railway junction in Bhatinda is the largest in Asia. Road All the cities and towns of Punjab are connected with four lane roads, National Highway. The Grand Trunk Road also called as NH1 connect Calcutta to Peshawar passing through Jalandhar and Amritsar. Another major National Highway connect Punjab to Jammu passing through Hoshiyarpur and Pathankot. The state road conditions are the finest in India. The national Highways passing through the state is ranked the best in the country with road networks widely spread , covering isolated towns as well as border region. The following National Highways connect major towns, cities and villages: National Highway 1 , National Highway 10 , National Highway 15 , National Highway 1A , National Highway 20 , National Highway 21 , National Highway 22 ,National Highway 64 , National Highway 70 , National Highway 71 (India) National Highway 95.

29. Religion in Punjab In Punjab Sikh religion is a dominant religion. A progressive religion well ahead of its time when it was founded over 500 years ago. The Sikh religion today has a following of over 20 million people worldwide and is ranked as the world’s 5th largest religion. Sikhism preaches a message of devotion and remembrance of God at all times, truthful living, equality of mankind and denounces superstitions and blind rituals. Sikhism is open to all through the teachings of its 10 Gurus enshrined in the Sikh Holy Book, Sri Guru Granth Sahib.

30. Place of worship The Sikh place of worship is called a Gurudwara , which means house of God. Wherever Sikhs go, they build a Gurudwara as a place to worship and meet each other . Shri Harimandir Sahib , commonly referred to as the "Golden Temple," is the world's most famous Gurudwara .

31. Sikhs Articles of Faith Sikhs have a way to show their commitment to their religion: they wear five articles of faith, called kakkars or "5 K's." Many Sikhs who have not taken amrit (similar to baptism) do not keep all five. Almost all Sikhs wear the kara, or silver bangle. These are the 5 K's : Kachhera: The kachhera, a cotton undergarment, reminds Sikhs of their modesty. Kanga: The kanga, a small wooden comb, represents cleanliness and taking care of yourself. Kara: The kara, a steel bangle, is worn on the wrist. Since we use our hands for almost everything we do, the bracelet is a constant reminder of good deeds. Kesh: The kesh, long uncut hair, has become the most visible way to identify Sikhs. Sikhs do not cut their hair in order to maintain the way their bodies were given to them. Most men and some women wrap their long hair in a turban. Almost all people you see wearing turbans in the United States are Sikhs. Kirpan: The kirpan, a small religious sword, represents a commitment to justice.

32. Festivals of Punjab Baisakhi Lohri

33. Baisakhi Baisakhi is celebrated on the 13th of April every year, marking the new year of Punjab. In Punjab, a primarily agricultural area, this day is especially important as it commemorates the first day of harvest. The fields are full and beautiful with nature's bounty, all ready to be cut and collected on this day. Traditionally, the men and women perform Bhangra and Giddha to the pounding rhythm of the dhol (drum). Lohri Lohri marks the end of winter, celebrated on the 13th of January. This festival is celebrated as a harvest fair, marked with gaiety and feasting. This festival commemorates more than the harvest, though; it honors the spirit of Punjab. The day that follows Lohri is an auspicious one for the Sikh community. It is the first day of the Punjabi month called ‘mangh’ or ‘manghi’. This is a holy month, and it is honored with daan-punya (acts of physical and material charity). In the Sikh community, clothes worn the night before, are given away and all the young girls receive punya in the form of money.

34. Gurpurabs Anniversaries associated with the lives of Sikh Gurus are referred to as Gurpurabs Gurpurab literally means 'festival of the guru'. The Sikhs celebrate 10 Gurpurabs in a year. All Gurpurabs are considered auspicious and important but special significance is accorded to the birth anniversary of Guru Nanak, the founder of the Sikh religion. This falls in the month of Kartik (October / November).

35. Food of Punjab

36. You can’t imagine Indian food without Punjabi food. Now a day’s Punjabi food not only in India but all over the world most famous food. The Punjabi food is all about spices, cooked with ghee or butter. With a large glass of testy lassi or buttermilk. The Punjabi food is available in both non-vegetarian as well as vegetarian. The most famous Punjabi food is “ Sarson da saag aur Makke di roti.” Tandoori chicken, panir tikka masala, kaju kurry with Tandoori roti or naan are some other famous dishes of punjabi food.

37. Clothing Generally female of Punjab wears salwar-kameez with bright color chunnis. And men wears kurta – pajamas with turban. Which called paghri. They wear patka to wraps their head.

38. Music and Dance Bhangra is a lively form of music and dance that originated in Punjab. As many Bhangra lyrics reflect the long and often tumultuous history of Punjab. While Bhangra began as a part of harvest festival celebrations, it eventually became a part of such diverse occasions as weddings and New Year celebrations. Moreover, during the last thirty years, Bhangra has enjoyed a surge in popularity worldwide, both in traditional form and as a fusion with genres such as hip-hop and reggae.

39. Music and dance Giddha is Punjab's most famous folk dance for women. In Giddha, the women enact verses called bolish, folk poetry, and dance. The subject matter of these bolish include everything from arguments with the father-in-law to political affairs. The dance rhythm is set by the dhol and the distinctive hand claps of the dancers. These days, people associate Giddha with Bhangra.

40. Punjabi language Punjabi is a language (what we speak). Gurumukhi is a script (how we write Punjabi) In the Punjabi language, the total number of alphabets are 40, vowels are 10,consonants are 5 and dependent vowels (Matraas) are 10.

41. The culture of Punjab is unique. Punjabis show a zest for life. They are known for their hard work and bravery. They do well in all types of work, from farming to information technology.

42. Legislature INFORMATION AS PER THE OFFICIAL DAIRY OF PUNJAB GOVT. 2011 Chief Minister , Civil Aviation / Co-operation / Excise & Taxation / General Administration / Housing and Urban Development / Irrigation & Power / Personnel / Science & Technology & Non-Conventional Energy Shri Prakash Singh Badal Dy. Chief Minister , Home Affairs (Home Affairs, Civil Defense,) / Information and Public Relation / Science & Technology & Non-Conventional Energy /Sports & Youth Services / Technical Education & Industrial Training / Water Supply & Sanitation Shri Sukhbir Singh Badal

43. media In Punjab there are no. of newspaper and television channels. Leading newspaper is Punjab keshari. Leading channel is doordarshan punjabi & many more.. Telecommunication : BSNL , airtel , idea , vodaphone.

44. Thank you