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The Power of Talk who gets heard and why..pptx
- 1. THE POWER OF TALK: Who Gets Heard and Why By Deborah Tannen
- 2. LINGUISTIC STYLE • A person’s characteristic speaking pattern. A set of culturally learned signals by which we not only communicate what we mean but also interpret others’ meaning and evaluate one another as people
- 3. LINGUISTIC STYLE • Features include • Directness or indirectness • Pacing & pausing • Word choice • Use of elements like jokes, figures of speech, stories, questions & apologies • Turn taking
- 4. LINGUISTIC STYLE • Every utterance functions on two levels: • Language communicates ideas • Language negotiates relationships
- 5. THE KICKER • Girls tend to learn conversational rituals that focus on the rapport dimension of relationships whereas boys tend to learn rituals that focus on the status dimension
- 6. LINGUISTIC PATTERNS • One Up, One Down • Getting Credit • Confidence & Boasting • Asking Questions
- 7. LINGUISTIC PATTERNS • One Up, One Down • Men tend to be sensitive to the power and attain one up • Women tend to be sensitive to rapport and will take one down • Getting Credit • Men say ‘I’ where women say ‘we’
- 8. LINGUISTIC PATTERNS • Confidence & Boasting • Women downplay certainty • Men minimize doubts • Asking Questions • Can put you in a one down position, boys are more aware of this
- 9. CONVERSATIONAL RITUALS • Conversation is ritual in the sense that we speak in ways our culture has conventionalized and expect certain types of responses. • Apologies • Feedback • Compliments • Ritual Opposition
- 10. CONVERSATIONAL RITUALS • Women say I’m sorry more often than men • Puts in one-down, even though other women know they aren’t sorry. Apologies • Differing Styles Feedback • Women pay more than men, puts at a disadvantage in the work place Compliments
- 11. CONVERSATIONAL RITUALS • Ritual Opposition • An exploration through verbal opposition • They put their ideas in the most certain and absolute form they can, and wait to see if they are challenged • Being forced to defend an idea gives the opportunity to test it
- 12. NEGOTIATING AUTHORITY Indirectness The tendency to say what we mean without spelling it out Men are often more direct Managing Up and Down Boys are rewarded for talking up their accomplishments, girls aren’t Actual authority has to be negotiated day to day
- 13. WHAT TO DO? Become aware Make sure everyone is heard Be more flexible