The Plastic money in the economy and its impact on the speed in economic activities
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This document discusses the impact of plastic money and electronic payments on economic growth. It outlines different types of plastic money like debit cards, credit cards, and pre-paid cash cards. It then explains how increased card payments can drive economic growth by stimulating consumption, production, income and jobs. Specific benefits mentioned include higher potential tax revenue, lower cash handling costs, guaranteed payments for merchants, and greater financial inclusion. Data is presented showing increases in card penetration and usage between 2008-2012, and their contribution to GDP growth in both emerging and developed markets.
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Plastic money and digital cash sept 2012 abbl card info
This document discusses digital cash/plastic money and electronic payment systems. It defines payment systems as a set of instruments, procedures, and funds transfer systems that ensure the circulation of money. It also defines electronic payment as a financial exchange that takes place online between buyers and sellers, usually using some form of digital financial instrument backed by a bank. The document then discusses different types of electronic payment systems like digital cash, credit cards, stored value cards, and debit cards and how they have affected both consumers and companies.
Plastic money in the Economy and Its Impact on the Speed in Economic Activities
Plastic money refers to credit cards, debit cards, cash cards, and prepaid cards that are used in place of cash. The document discusses how plastic money impacts the speed of economic activities. It provides details on the different types of plastic money and how rising card payments can drive economic growth. Specifically, it states that increased card usage contributed to a 0.8% increase in GDP in emerging markets and 0.3% in developed markets between 2008-2012. The value of electronic payments includes potential higher tax revenue, lower cash handling costs, and greater financial inclusion.
Effect of Plastic money on global economy
Plastic money refers to payment cards like debit cards, credit cards, and prepaid cards that are used instead of cash. There are several types of plastic money cards that allow users to access funds in different ways. The use of plastic money provides convenience for customers and increases purchasing power while also benefiting banks and retailers. Increased use of electronic payments like cards has been shown to boost economic growth by accelerating consumption and production. Studies found that higher card penetration as a percentage of consumer spending can increase GDP by 0.3-0.8% in developed and emerging markets respectively.
Plastic+money+ 3 .1
Plastic money refers to payment methods like credit cards, debit cards, and smart cards that are made of plastic rather than paper or metal. While plastic money provides advantages like purchasing power and safety, it is not widely accepted in India due to infrastructure issues, lack of government support, and cultural mindsets that are averse to credit. Younger, higher-income Indians are more likely to use plastic money, but overall adoption remains relatively low compared to more developed countries. For plastic money to succeed in India, improvements are needed in financial literacy, technology infrastructure, and addressing cultural preferences for cash-based transactions.
Plastic Money Better than Paper Money
This document compares plastic money to paper money. It conducted a study through questionnaires with 29 participants from different age groups, professions, and income levels. The study found that 65% of respondents preferred using cards over cash, with plastic money seen as more reliable, secure, and convenient than paper money. A t-test analysis of the data concluded that plastic money is better than paper money. The document thus recommends that stakeholders expand the role of plastic money through education and practices that improve security.
The growing use of plastic money (Debit, Credit, Gift cards and ATM): Indian ...
The presentation brief you about the technological advancement of payment method through out the world and status of India. More about recent changes in payment system, its effects on economy, possible threats, pros and cons of online system.
plastic money
This document discusses the history and types of plastic money. It begins by defining plastic money as credit or debit cards made of plastic that provide an alternative to cash payments. It then outlines five main types of plastic cards: cash/ATM cards, credit cards, debit cards, in-store cards, and prepaid cash cards. For each type, it describes how they work, examples, and merits and demerits for customers. The document also reviews several academic studies that have examined factors influencing plastic money usage, such as income, education, and urban vs rural locations. Finally, it provides a bibliography of additional resources on the topic of plastic money.
Fms
This document summarizes different types of plastic money such as credit cards, debit cards, prepaid cash cards, and charge cards. It discusses the birth of plastic money in the 1950s with the Diners Club card and outlines the key parties involved in plastic money transactions such as cardholders, card-issuing banks, acquiring banks, and credit card associations. The document also differentiates between credit cards and debit cards and provides examples of different types of plastic money cards such as ATM cards, global cards, and Diners Club cards. It discusses advantages like purchasing power and convenience as well as disadvantages including complicated terms and increased debt.
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Plastic money and digital cash sept 2012 abbl card info
This document discusses digital cash/plastic money and electronic payment systems. It defines payment systems as a set of instruments, procedures, and funds transfer systems that ensure the circulation of money. It also defines electronic payment as a financial exchange that takes place online between buyers and sellers, usually using some form of digital financial instrument backed by a bank. The document then discusses different types of electronic payment systems like digital cash, credit cards, stored value cards, and debit cards and how they have affected both consumers and companies.
Plastic money in the Economy and Its Impact on the Speed in Economic Activities
Plastic money refers to credit cards, debit cards, cash cards, and prepaid cards that are used in place of cash. The document discusses how plastic money impacts the speed of economic activities. It provides details on the different types of plastic money and how rising card payments can drive economic growth. Specifically, it states that increased card usage contributed to a 0.8% increase in GDP in emerging markets and 0.3% in developed markets between 2008-2012. The value of electronic payments includes potential higher tax revenue, lower cash handling costs, and greater financial inclusion.
Effect of Plastic money on global economy
Plastic money refers to payment cards like debit cards, credit cards, and prepaid cards that are used instead of cash. There are several types of plastic money cards that allow users to access funds in different ways. The use of plastic money provides convenience for customers and increases purchasing power while also benefiting banks and retailers. Increased use of electronic payments like cards has been shown to boost economic growth by accelerating consumption and production. Studies found that higher card penetration as a percentage of consumer spending can increase GDP by 0.3-0.8% in developed and emerging markets respectively.
Plastic+money+ 3 .1
Plastic money refers to payment methods like credit cards, debit cards, and smart cards that are made of plastic rather than paper or metal. While plastic money provides advantages like purchasing power and safety, it is not widely accepted in India due to infrastructure issues, lack of government support, and cultural mindsets that are averse to credit. Younger, higher-income Indians are more likely to use plastic money, but overall adoption remains relatively low compared to more developed countries. For plastic money to succeed in India, improvements are needed in financial literacy, technology infrastructure, and addressing cultural preferences for cash-based transactions.
Plastic Money Better than Paper Money
This document compares plastic money to paper money. It conducted a study through questionnaires with 29 participants from different age groups, professions, and income levels. The study found that 65% of respondents preferred using cards over cash, with plastic money seen as more reliable, secure, and convenient than paper money. A t-test analysis of the data concluded that plastic money is better than paper money. The document thus recommends that stakeholders expand the role of plastic money through education and practices that improve security.
The growing use of plastic money (Debit, Credit, Gift cards and ATM): Indian ...
The presentation brief you about the technological advancement of payment method through out the world and status of India. More about recent changes in payment system, its effects on economy, possible threats, pros and cons of online system.
plastic money
This document discusses the history and types of plastic money. It begins by defining plastic money as credit or debit cards made of plastic that provide an alternative to cash payments. It then outlines five main types of plastic cards: cash/ATM cards, credit cards, debit cards, in-store cards, and prepaid cash cards. For each type, it describes how they work, examples, and merits and demerits for customers. The document also reviews several academic studies that have examined factors influencing plastic money usage, such as income, education, and urban vs rural locations. Finally, it provides a bibliography of additional resources on the topic of plastic money.
Fms
This document summarizes different types of plastic money such as credit cards, debit cards, prepaid cash cards, and charge cards. It discusses the birth of plastic money in the 1950s with the Diners Club card and outlines the key parties involved in plastic money transactions such as cardholders, card-issuing banks, acquiring banks, and credit card associations. The document also differentiates between credit cards and debit cards and provides examples of different types of plastic money cards such as ATM cards, global cards, and Diners Club cards. It discusses advantages like purchasing power and convenience as well as disadvantages including complicated terms and increased debt.
PLASTIC MONEY
A slang phrase for credit cards, especially when such cards used to make purchases. The "plastic" portion of this term refers to the plastic construction of credit cards, as opposed to paper and metal of currency. The "money" portion is an erroneous reference to credit cards as a form of money, which they are not. Although credit cards do facilitate transactions, because they are a liability rather than an asset, they are not money and not part of the economy's money supply.
source:net
7.credit card and debit card working and management
Credit and debit cards began emerging in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Debit cards were introduced first around 1977-1978, highlighting the growth of electronic payments. Credit cards then followed in the 1980s when banks started acting as clearing houses for transactions and promoting their own card brands. Both cards now provide convenient alternatives to cash payments. While credit cards allow users to borrow money and incur interest charges, debit cards directly access funds from a user's bank account without interest. The two cards differ in how they are linked to accounts and whether spending results in debt or directly accessed money.
Debit And Credit Cards
Debit cards are linked directly to a checking account and use funds that have already been deposited, while credit cards allow purchases to be made without immediately paying and require repayment of balances over time. Debit cards provide access to cash from ATMs and require a PIN for transactions, while credit cards typically only require a signature. While debit cards avoid interest charges and do not require credit worthiness, they offer less fraud protection than credit cards and can incur overdraft fees if funds are insufficient.
A Study On Consumer Perception On Plastic Money Of HDFC Bank(Synopsis + project)
A Study On Consumer Perception On Plastic Money Of HDFC Bank(Synopsis + project)
for orignal file (WORD FILE) contact me
akkirawal002@gmail.com
Credit Cards
A credit card allows cardholders to pay for goods and services with the promise to pay later. It was invented in 1887 and the first credit cards emerged in the 1920s in the US. Key details include the card number structure, parties involved in transactions, and benefits to customers and merchants. Credit cards offer rewards but also risks like debt that debit cards do not. Merchants may pass on credit card transaction fees through higher prices for all customers. Different credit cards have varying interest rates, annual fees, rewards programs, and other features to consider.
Debit and credit card
This document provides information about debit and credit cards in India. It introduces when debit and credit cards were introduced in the 1970s by Corporation Bank and Andhra Bank respectively. It describes debit cards as plastic cards that provide an alternative payment method to cash and allow for instant withdrawals of cash. Credit cards allow users to borrow money for purchases and pay it back later with interest. The document outlines the different types of debit and credit cards and parties involved in transactions. It discusses trends of increased debit and credit card usage in India. Finally, it compares features and fees of cards from SBI and HDFC Bank and identifies problems faced by card holders like unauthorized purchases, privacy breaches, and identity theft.
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Here’s a brief guide on how credit card processing companies work and the impact of credit card acceptance on small businesses.
Credit Card Usage Study
- The document summarizes a study on credit card usage in India conducted by 6 individuals. It analyzes factors like demographics, personality traits, materialism and their association with credit card spending patterns and compulsive buying behavior.
- The study found that higher income groups have higher credit limits and use credit more frequently. It also found a weak correlation between traits like agreeableness and emotional stability with compulsive buying. Additionally, consumers find credit cards convenient but it does not make them spend more impulsively.
- However, the study had limitations like being conducted only in Delhi with a small non-random sample, so the findings may not be generalized to all of India.
Credit card its operations
A credit card allows a cardholder to pay for goods and services based on a promise to pay. The issuer creates a revolving line of credit for the user. Credit cards involve a third party paying the seller and being reimbursed by the buyer. Credit cards come in different types like general purpose cards accepted by many merchants and private label cards only accepted by specific retailers. Credit cards offer convenience for payments and cash access as well as help users establish credit history.
43888714 plastic-money-full-project
This document discusses various marketing strategies that can be used to grow a business. It recommends focusing marketing efforts on a specific niche to attract the best customers. It also suggests that professionals should position themselves as experts in their field by providing free information and education to prospects. Developing relationships with complementary professionals to obtain referrals is also presented as an effective strategy. The document stresses the importance of maintaining ongoing communication with past prospects through various follow-up methods in order to turn them into paying customers over time.
Prepaid Card Fraud: Understanding the Problem, Developing a Solution
This document discusses prepaid card fraud and provides statistics on fraud rates for virtual and plastic gift cards from three major retailers. It outlines the lifecycle of gift card fraud, from fraudulent purchase using a stolen payment card to monetization. Reasons gift card fraud is attractive to fraudsters are explained, and examples of targeted gift card fraud rings are given. While some merchants have developed strategies to reduce losses, the document argues comprehensive end-to-end systems are still needed to fully address the problem across the entire gift card purchase and usage process.
credit card theft
This document discusses credit card security and risks. It provides a brief history of credit cards, explaining how they evolved from store-specific cards to universal cards that can be used in many locations. It then discusses common credit card theft methods like skimming, identity theft, and account takeover. The document concludes by providing statistics on credit card crimes globally and in the EU in 2008, and explains why identity theft risks may differ between the EU and US.
Understanding Dynamic Chinese Online Payments Market
1. The document summarizes a presentation given by Christopher J. Uriarte and GuoDong Zhao on understanding the dynamic Chinese market, focusing on payments in China.
2. It introduces China's population and economic growth, then discusses the company Chinabank Payment which provides electronic payment solutions in China.
3. It describes the challenges of fraud in China's growing online payments market and how Chinabank Payment implemented the ReD Shield solution from Retail Decisions, which reduced their chargeback rate from as high as 5% to 0.3% within the first 6 months.
Credit Card Rules
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Credit card
A credit card allows cardholders to pay for goods and services with the promise to pay for them later. It provides convenience over other payment methods like debit cards or checks. For merchants, credit cards are more secure than cash and reduce processing costs. There is typically a grace period of 20-55 days before interest is charged on purchases, allowing customers to pay their balance in full each month without interest. Different credit cards have varying interest rates, annual fees, rewards programs, minimum payments, and grace periods. While credit cards provide benefits like rewards, their disadvantages include potential interest charges and fraudulent activity risks.
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The document describes different types of credit cards available in the Philippines including low interest cards from BPI and Security Bank, cashback cards from Citi, rewards cards from Standard Chartered, air miles cards from HSBC, fuel rebate cards from Citibank Shell, shopping cards from BDO Forever 21, and premium cards from Standard Chartered Priority Banking. The cards offer various benefits like low interest rates, balance transfers, rebates on purchases in certain categories, rewards points redemption, air miles, discounts on fuel and repairs, store discounts, and airport lounge access.
Behavior of users of credit cards
The document summarizes research on credit card usage in India. It finds that credit card usage has grown significantly in India over the last 5 years, with nearly 100 million card holders. It analyzes credit card usage patterns across age, gender, occupation, income level, purchase frequency, and perceptions of safety. Key findings include that middle-aged people use cards the most, males use cards more than females, 34% only use cards in emergencies, and 77% feel purchase through cards is safe.
CREDIT CARD
The document discusses several credit card options from Axis Bank and HDFC Bank. The Axis Bank Infinite Credit Card provides benefits like 25% cashback on movies, discounts on dining, airport lounge access and more. It is invitation only for Axis Bank Privee clients. Fees include cash withdrawal fees and foreign transaction fees. HDFC Bank offers Signature and Visa Signature cards providing benefits like interest free periods, fuel surcharge waivers, lounge access and fee waivers for spending thresholds. Eligibility requires an annual income over 18 lakhs. American Express Platinum Reserve Card offers membership points that can be redeemed for gifts and travel, with eligibility requiring an annual income over 6 lacs.
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History of money
The document provides an overview of the history of coins and monetary systems, beginning with barter and gift exchange systems. It then discusses the development of the Roman coin system, including the introduction of minted bronze coins in the 3rd century BC and silver coins modeled after Greek coins around 300 BC. The document outlines the expansion of the Roman monetary system under Augustus to establish consistent gold, silver, and copper coin values. It also describes elements of Roman coins like legends, mint marks, and materials used before concluding with sections on numismatics and coin parts.
History of money
Presentation created to teach underprivileged children about the history of money, meant for age group 8-13.
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PLASTIC MONEY
A slang phrase for credit cards, especially when such cards used to make purchases. The "plastic" portion of this term refers to the plastic construction of credit cards, as opposed to paper and metal of currency. The "money" portion is an erroneous reference to credit cards as a form of money, which they are not. Although credit cards do facilitate transactions, because they are a liability rather than an asset, they are not money and not part of the economy's money supply.
source:net
7.credit card and debit card working and management
Credit and debit cards began emerging in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Debit cards were introduced first around 1977-1978, highlighting the growth of electronic payments. Credit cards then followed in the 1980s when banks started acting as clearing houses for transactions and promoting their own card brands. Both cards now provide convenient alternatives to cash payments. While credit cards allow users to borrow money and incur interest charges, debit cards directly access funds from a user's bank account without interest. The two cards differ in how they are linked to accounts and whether spending results in debt or directly accessed money.
Debit And Credit Cards
Debit cards are linked directly to a checking account and use funds that have already been deposited, while credit cards allow purchases to be made without immediately paying and require repayment of balances over time. Debit cards provide access to cash from ATMs and require a PIN for transactions, while credit cards typically only require a signature. While debit cards avoid interest charges and do not require credit worthiness, they offer less fraud protection than credit cards and can incur overdraft fees if funds are insufficient.
A Study On Consumer Perception On Plastic Money Of HDFC Bank(Synopsis + project)
A Study On Consumer Perception On Plastic Money Of HDFC Bank(Synopsis + project)
for orignal file (WORD FILE) contact me
akkirawal002@gmail.com
Credit Cards
A credit card allows cardholders to pay for goods and services with the promise to pay later. It was invented in 1887 and the first credit cards emerged in the 1920s in the US. Key details include the card number structure, parties involved in transactions, and benefits to customers and merchants. Credit cards offer rewards but also risks like debt that debit cards do not. Merchants may pass on credit card transaction fees through higher prices for all customers. Different credit cards have varying interest rates, annual fees, rewards programs, and other features to consider.
Debit and credit card
This document provides information about debit and credit cards in India. It introduces when debit and credit cards were introduced in the 1970s by Corporation Bank and Andhra Bank respectively. It describes debit cards as plastic cards that provide an alternative payment method to cash and allow for instant withdrawals of cash. Credit cards allow users to borrow money for purchases and pay it back later with interest. The document outlines the different types of debit and credit cards and parties involved in transactions. It discusses trends of increased debit and credit card usage in India. Finally, it compares features and fees of cards from SBI and HDFC Bank and identifies problems faced by card holders like unauthorized purchases, privacy breaches, and identity theft.
How Credit Card Processing Works
Here’s a brief guide on how credit card processing companies work and the impact of credit card acceptance on small businesses.
Credit Card Usage Study
- The document summarizes a study on credit card usage in India conducted by 6 individuals. It analyzes factors like demographics, personality traits, materialism and their association with credit card spending patterns and compulsive buying behavior.
- The study found that higher income groups have higher credit limits and use credit more frequently. It also found a weak correlation between traits like agreeableness and emotional stability with compulsive buying. Additionally, consumers find credit cards convenient but it does not make them spend more impulsively.
- However, the study had limitations like being conducted only in Delhi with a small non-random sample, so the findings may not be generalized to all of India.
Credit card its operations
A credit card allows a cardholder to pay for goods and services based on a promise to pay. The issuer creates a revolving line of credit for the user. Credit cards involve a third party paying the seller and being reimbursed by the buyer. Credit cards come in different types like general purpose cards accepted by many merchants and private label cards only accepted by specific retailers. Credit cards offer convenience for payments and cash access as well as help users establish credit history.
43888714 plastic-money-full-project
This document discusses various marketing strategies that can be used to grow a business. It recommends focusing marketing efforts on a specific niche to attract the best customers. It also suggests that professionals should position themselves as experts in their field by providing free information and education to prospects. Developing relationships with complementary professionals to obtain referrals is also presented as an effective strategy. The document stresses the importance of maintaining ongoing communication with past prospects through various follow-up methods in order to turn them into paying customers over time.
Prepaid Card Fraud: Understanding the Problem, Developing a Solution
This document discusses prepaid card fraud and provides statistics on fraud rates for virtual and plastic gift cards from three major retailers. It outlines the lifecycle of gift card fraud, from fraudulent purchase using a stolen payment card to monetization. Reasons gift card fraud is attractive to fraudsters are explained, and examples of targeted gift card fraud rings are given. While some merchants have developed strategies to reduce losses, the document argues comprehensive end-to-end systems are still needed to fully address the problem across the entire gift card purchase and usage process.
credit card theft
This document discusses credit card security and risks. It provides a brief history of credit cards, explaining how they evolved from store-specific cards to universal cards that can be used in many locations. It then discusses common credit card theft methods like skimming, identity theft, and account takeover. The document concludes by providing statistics on credit card crimes globally and in the EU in 2008, and explains why identity theft risks may differ between the EU and US.
Understanding Dynamic Chinese Online Payments Market
1. The document summarizes a presentation given by Christopher J. Uriarte and GuoDong Zhao on understanding the dynamic Chinese market, focusing on payments in China.
2. It introduces China's population and economic growth, then discusses the company Chinabank Payment which provides electronic payment solutions in China.
3. It describes the challenges of fraud in China's growing online payments market and how Chinabank Payment implemented the ReD Shield solution from Retail Decisions, which reduced their chargeback rate from as high as 5% to 0.3% within the first 6 months.
Credit Card Rules
The document summarizes consumer protections for credit card users established by the CARD Act of 2009. It outlines rules regarding credit card agreements, interest rate increases, fees, billing statements, payment requirements, credit limits, credit reports, gift cards and overdraft protection. Key points include requirements that card issuers provide 45 day advance notice of rate hikes or penalty fee increases and allow customers to reject changes by closing their accounts.
Credit card
A credit card allows cardholders to pay for goods and services with the promise to pay for them later. It provides convenience over other payment methods like debit cards or checks. For merchants, credit cards are more secure than cash and reduce processing costs. There is typically a grace period of 20-55 days before interest is charged on purchases, allowing customers to pay their balance in full each month without interest. Different credit cards have varying interest rates, annual fees, rewards programs, minimum payments, and grace periods. While credit cards provide benefits like rewards, their disadvantages include potential interest charges and fraudulent activity risks.
Types of Credit Cards
The document describes different types of credit cards available in the Philippines including low interest cards from BPI and Security Bank, cashback cards from Citi, rewards cards from Standard Chartered, air miles cards from HSBC, fuel rebate cards from Citibank Shell, shopping cards from BDO Forever 21, and premium cards from Standard Chartered Priority Banking. The cards offer various benefits like low interest rates, balance transfers, rebates on purchases in certain categories, rewards points redemption, air miles, discounts on fuel and repairs, store discounts, and airport lounge access.
Behavior of users of credit cards
The document summarizes research on credit card usage in India. It finds that credit card usage has grown significantly in India over the last 5 years, with nearly 100 million card holders. It analyzes credit card usage patterns across age, gender, occupation, income level, purchase frequency, and perceptions of safety. Key findings include that middle-aged people use cards the most, males use cards more than females, 34% only use cards in emergencies, and 77% feel purchase through cards is safe.
CREDIT CARD
The document discusses several credit card options from Axis Bank and HDFC Bank. The Axis Bank Infinite Credit Card provides benefits like 25% cashback on movies, discounts on dining, airport lounge access and more. It is invitation only for Axis Bank Privee clients. Fees include cash withdrawal fees and foreign transaction fees. HDFC Bank offers Signature and Visa Signature cards providing benefits like interest free periods, fuel surcharge waivers, lounge access and fee waivers for spending thresholds. Eligibility requires an annual income over 18 lakhs. American Express Platinum Reserve Card offers membership points that can be redeemed for gifts and travel, with eligibility requiring an annual income over 6 lacs.
Payment and Cards - A Basic Overview
The presentation provides an basic overview on the payment card industry from history to future technology adoption. Work in progress for in-depth presentation.
What is electronic_banking_mini
The document discusses electronic banking and provides information about various types of electronic funds transfers. It defines electronic banking and describes several common electronic banking services including ATM use, direct deposit, bill payment, and point-of-sale transfers. It also compares different types of electronic currency such as check cards, smart cards, and digital cash/checks. Additionally, it outlines consumer protections provided under the Electronic Funds Transfer Act and discusses steps consumers should take if they experience problems or errors with electronic banking transactions.
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7.credit card and debit card working and management
7.credit card and debit card working and management
A Study On Consumer Perception On Plastic Money Of HDFC Bank(Synopsis + project)
A Study On Consumer Perception On Plastic Money Of HDFC Bank(Synopsis + project)
Prepaid Card Fraud: Understanding the Problem, Developing a Solution
Prepaid Card Fraud: Understanding the Problem, Developing a Solution
Understanding Dynamic Chinese Online Payments Market
Understanding Dynamic Chinese Online Payments Market
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History of money
The document provides an overview of the history of coins and monetary systems, beginning with barter and gift exchange systems. It then discusses the development of the Roman coin system, including the introduction of minted bronze coins in the 3rd century BC and silver coins modeled after Greek coins around 300 BC. The document outlines the expansion of the Roman monetary system under Augustus to establish consistent gold, silver, and copper coin values. It also describes elements of Roman coins like legends, mint marks, and materials used before concluding with sections on numismatics and coin parts.
History of money
Presentation created to teach underprivileged children about the history of money, meant for age group 8-13.
evolution of money
this presentation contains all about evolution of money or cbse book of economics chapter: evolution of money
The History Of Money
Bartering of livestock began around 9,000-6,000 BC as one of the earliest forms of exchange. Around 1200 BC in China, shells became the first official form of money used. Ancient Chinese coins from around 1000 BC had holes in the middle so they could be strung together more easily. Around 500 BC, coins made of silver emerged as the earliest coins, first appearing in the region of Lydia, now Turkey. Paper currency developed in China in the 9th-15th centuries but excessive printing led to inflation. Gold became the global monetary standard starting in 1816 but many countries abandoned it during the Great Depression in the 1930s. Digital payments may eventually replace physical currency.
Money
Money serves three main uses: as a medium of exchange to determine value during transactions, as a unit of account to compare the values of goods and services, and as a store of value that generally maintains its purchasing power even if saved over time. For something to function as money, it must meet six key characteristics: durability, portability, divisibility, uniformity, limited supply, and general acceptability. The value of money comes from it representing value in itself (commodity money), being exchangeable for something else of value (representative money), or having value by government decree (fiat money).
History of money
Bartering and commodities like cattle and seeds were some of the earliest forms of money. Cowry shells were used as currency in China in 1200 BC, while metal tools were used as early metal currency in China around 1000 BC. Silver became used as currency imprinted with rulers' faces in 500 BC Turkey. Paper money originated in China between the 9th-15th centuries before disappearing, while gold became the standard currency backed by weight in 1816 Britain and 1900 America. Modern currency has evolved to coins and paper notes, with future forms potentially including payment cards and microchips in jewelry.
Lesson 1: What is Money?
Money exists as IOUs recorded in a money of account chosen by national governments. As sovereign issuers of currency, governments define the money of account, impose taxes requiring payment in that currency, and spend in the currency they issue. This establishes a hierarchy where the government's money is most senior and other debt instruments in the economy leverage that sovereign currency.
Uses and Characteristics of Money
Money serves three main purposes: as a medium of exchange to facilitate trade beyond bartering, as a unit of account to compare the values of different goods and services, and as a store of value to maintain purchasing power over time. To be considered money, an item must have six key characteristics - it must be durable, portable, divisible, uniform, have a limited supply, and be widely acceptable for transactions.
The History of Money
Bartering was the original form of exchange before money was developed. Livestock, shells, and beads were some of the early forms of commodity money. Money needs to serve as a medium of exchange, store of value, and unit of account. King Croesus created the first coins of gold and silver in 561 BC. Paper currency was first issued in China in 806 AD but led to inflation. Various commodities served as forms of money throughout history. Goldsmith notes marked the early use of banknotes in England in the 1600s. The US established its own currency systems after gaining independence.
Money
Money can take various forms and serves several functions including as a medium of exchange, measure of value, and store of value. The money supply is categorized into different levels including M1 (currency and demand deposits), M2 (near money), and M3 (broad money). Money demand is influenced by transaction, precautionary, and speculative motives. The quantity theory of money posits that changes in the money supply will impact the price level in an economy. Banks play an important role in the financial system, with central banks responsible for currency issuance and monetary stability and commercial banks accepting deposits and providing loans.
Evolution of Money
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Functions Of Money
The document discusses different aspects of monetary systems including:
1) It defines money and lists its key properties and functions such as being a medium of exchange, store of value, and unit of account.
2) It outlines different types of money including commodity money, convertible paper money, inconvertible paper money, bank deposits, and electronic money.
3) It explores the demand for money and identifies three motives for holding money: transactions demand, precautionary demand, and speculative demand. Interest rates are a major factor in determining the amount of money people hold.
Money market & its instruments
The document discusses the money market in India. It defines the money market and notes that it deals in short-term financial instruments that can be easily converted to cash. Some key aspects of the Indian money market discussed include the various sub-markets (e.g. call money market), instruments (e.g. treasury bills), participants (e.g. commercial banks), and the role of the money market in providing short-term funds and allowing central bank control of liquidity.
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Digital VAT/GST and Other Indirect Tax Administration for B2C Taxpayers
Increase Tax Revenue Collection from Retail and Boost Consumer Demand for Valid Receipts
info@taxtech.digital www.taxtech.digital
Table of Content
Online management of electronic cash registers for tax administrations helps boost consumer demand for valid receipts and increases retail tax collection
Foreword: technology approach in fighting tax evasion and fraud in retail
Risks mitigation and increased tax revenue collection
OECR implementation roadmap
Retail industry in the global economy and the role of cash in tax evasion
Online Electronic Cash Registers (OECR) concept and key capabilities
Case study: DTT helped to increase national retail VAT collection by 37%
Traditional approach is not sufficient to combat tax evasion in retail
Public control over receipts handling
Exhibits
Foreword
Technology Approach In Fighting Tax Evasion And Fraud
Many tax administrations around the world face specific forms of tax evasion: understated revenues using unaccounted cash (mostly present in cash-based transactions in B2C) and inflating deductions through fake invoices (mostly in B2B).
Tax evasion and fraud can be facilitated by the habits of the traditional cash economy and by the growth of sharing (or online) economy.
In the past, identifying underreported revenue and overstatement of tax deductions has been difficult for tax administrations, requiring a lot of time and manual effort. This is changing. Many fiscal authorities are now implementing technology solutions to detect taxpayers’ misconduct.
Two separate approaches are usually used to solve these problems at the country level:
1. Revenue underreporting
Implementation of an Online Electronic Cash Register management solution for retail tax administration in near real-time as detailed later in this presentation.
All POS transactions are reported “as soon as possible” to the central tax administrations and consumers are motivated to demand valid receipts from retailers to perform public control.
2. Overstatement of tax deductions
Implementation of eVAT/e-Invoices management solution via mandatory reporting of all issued invoices/pro forma invoices and their cross-validation by central tax administrations.
About Us
Digital Tax Technologies (DTT) is an international expert in tax gap minimization, a trusted digital transformation advisor & solution provider for national tax administrations.
We help tax administrations around the world to reduce the tax gap, improve tax revenue collection and reduce the share of the shadow economy.
Our mission is to increase global fiscal transparency, improve tax compliance and administration, and ensure fair competition and welfare.
Our team consists of experts with experience in digital tax administration advisory and implementation in various European, CIS, Middle East, and African countries.
info@taxtech.digital https://taxtech.digital
Survey on Merchants' Costs of Processing Cash and Card Payments in EU
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一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
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◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
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◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
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2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
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1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问微bwp0011
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一.毕业证【微bwp0011】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【微bwp0011】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Detailed power point presentation on compound interest and how it is calculated
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留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
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Economic Risk Factor Update: June 2024 [SlideShare]
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For more market updates, subscribe to The Independent Market Observer at https://blog.commonwealth.com/independent-market-observer.
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Do elements of globalization, such as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), negatively affect the ability of countries in the Global South to preserve their culture? This research aims to answer this question by employing a cross-sectional comparative case study analysis utilizing methods of difference. Thailand and Cambodia are compared as they are in the same region and have a similar culture. The metric of difference between Thailand and Cambodia is their ability to preserve their culture. This ability is operationalized by their respective attitudes towards FDI; Thailand imposes stringent regulations and limitations on FDI while Cambodia does not hesitate to accept most FDI and imposes fewer limitations. The evidence from this study suggests that FDI from globally influential countries with high gross domestic products (GDPs) (e.g. China, U.S.) challenges the ability of countries with lower GDPs (e.g. Cambodia) to protect their culture. Furthermore, the ability, or lack thereof, of the receiving countries to protect their culture is amplified by the existence and implementation of restrictive FDI policies imposed by their governments.
My study abroad in Bali, Indonesia, inspired this research topic as I noticed how globalization is changing the culture of its people. I learned their language and way of life which helped me understand the beauty and importance of cultural preservation. I believe we could all benefit from learning new perspectives as they could help us ideate solutions to contemporary issues and empathize with others.Governor Olli Rehn: Inflation down and recovery supported by interest rate cu...
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The Plastic money in the economy and its impact on the speed in economic activities
- 1. The plastic money in the economy and its impact on the speed in economic activities Presented by: Tonmoy Bora
- 2. What is plastic money?
- 3. Types of Plastic Money Debit Cards Cash Cards Credit cards Pre-Paid cash cards
- 4. ECOMONIC CYCLE CONSUMPTION Decline in Inventory Increased production Greater Income More Jobs
- 5. Impact of electronic payment on economic growth Rising card payments drive economic growth Value derived from the migration to electronic payment Card penetration The macroeconomic impact of card usage The value of card payment
- 6. Rising card payments drive economic growth • Global economic growth -$983B(2008-2012) • Electronic payment contributed to – Emerging markets – 0.8% increase in GDP Developed markets-0.3% increase in GDP • Card growth boosts recovery
- 7. Value derived from the migration to electronic payment • Higher potential tax revenue • Lower cash handling cost • Guaranteed payment for merchants • A reduction in the gray economy due to lower unreported cash transaction. • Greater financial inclusion
- 9. The macroeconomic impact of card usage • The card usage in 2008 was 27.4% which has drastically increased to 32.8% in 2012. • Private consumption • Card penetration as a percent of total PCE • The growth of card usage • GDP growth due to card usage
- 10. GLOBAL RETAIL PURCHASES PAYMENT BREAKDOWN(in U.S$) 2.9% Total Compound Annualized Growth rate 7.7% Compound Annualized Growth rate 2014
- 11. The value of card payment • Less friction more efficiency • Card benefits all parties(consumer, merchant, bank ) • Security • Convenience • Transparency
- 12. Resolved