As a beginner in leprosy field, we do encounter with mistake
of interpretation of results of slit skin Smear (SSS). A skin smear
is a diagnostic & prognostic test in which a sample of material is
Collected from a tiny cut in the skin and then stained for M. lepra.
This test is done for to confirm clinical diagnosis of multi-bacillary
leprosy in a suspect, to determine the state of infectivity, to help
in diagnosis of relapse of leprosy, for classification and prognosis
and to get negative certificate. The lepra bacilli will be seen as pink
rods. The bacilli may be seen as in single, or in small groups or
as a closely packed bundle called globi or in any combinations of
these. The smears are graded and two parameter namely Bacterial
Index (BI) and Morphological Index (MI) are seen. BI is the average
number of bacilli per microscopic field and grading done per
Ridley Joplings scale. Lepra bacilli when stained by Ziehl-Neelson’s
method take pink colour stain. But most of the bacilli are stained
irregularly and only a few are uniformly stained and the uniformly,
intensely stained bacilli are viable and capable of multiplying
and that all the other forms are dead or dying and are incapable
of multiplying. The percentages of solid bacilli are called MI.
This thesis examines how probiotics modulate immune responses by stimulating bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and basophils (BMBs) in co-culture experiments. Flow cytometry was used to analyze cell surface markers, transcription factors, and cytokines produced. Results showed that BMBs stimulated with probiotics increased IL-4 production, which is involved in Th2 polarization. BMDCs stimulated with probiotics increasingly produced cytokines that promote Th1, Th17, and Treg polarization. Co-cultures of BMDCs and BMBs likely enhanced Th2 immune responses. The probiotic strains Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 and Lactobacillus casei BL
1) YopJ is a type III secretion effector protein produced by pathogenic Yersinia bacteria that induces host cell death.
2) This study examined the mechanism of cell death and caspase-1 activation in macrophages infected with Y. pestis KIM, which produces the YopJKIM isoform known to have high cytotoxic activity.
3) The results showed that YopJKIM induces necrotic cell death in macrophages, triggering a cathepsin B-dependent pathway of caspase-1 activation. However, caspase-1 activation was found to be dispensable for the host immune response against a Yersinia strain with enhanced cytotoxicity.
This study examined apoptosis of lymphocytes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The percentage of apoptotic lymphocytes from SLE patients was significantly higher than healthy donors after 36 hours of incubation, indicating SLE patients have more lymphocytes undergoing apoptosis. A positive correlation was also found between lymphocyte apoptosis in SLE and disease activity markers like anti-dsDNA antibodies and prednisolone dosage. The percentage of CD4+ T cells was significantly lower in SLE patients compared to healthy donors.
This document describes optimizing an MTT assay to test the lymphotoxic activities of isolates of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. The author tested several variables in the MTT assay, including incubation temperature after plating, concentration of the chemical inhibitor used as a negative control, and length of incubation period. Testing different temperatures found that Jurkat cells grew significantly better at 26°C compared to the negative control. An optimized protocol using a temperature of 27°C for 3 days was developed. This new MTT assay showed that a South Korean isolate, KR-323, did not effectively inhibit Jurkat cell proliferation and more testing is needed on this isolate.
1. This study investigated the prevalence of integrons and antimicrobial resistance genes in 110 clinical isolates of Enterobacter species collected from hospitals in Tehran, Iran between 2012-2013.
2. The study found that 45 isolates (41%) contained integrons, with class 1 integrons being most common. Integron-positive isolates showed higher resistance to antibiotics like augmentin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and cefoxitin.
3. Ten integron-positive isolates were found to be ESBL producers. Common resistance genes identified included blaTEM (20%), blaCTX-M-1 (15.6%), and genes encoding aminoglycoside
Monoclonal antibodies are identical antibodies produced by a single clone of cells that recognize a specific antigen. They are produced through the fusion of antibody-producing B cells with myeloma cells to form a hybridoma that can produce the antibody indefinitely. Monoclonal antibodies have advantages like homogeneity and specificity since each recognizes the same epitope. They have various applications like cancer treatment and treating rheumatoid arthritis. Some common monoclonal antibodies are Bevacizumab, Rituximab, Abciximab, and Palivizumab which are used to treat conditions like cancer, arthritis, and respiratory infections.
This document summarizes a novel micro-emulsion technology called Phage Emulsion, Secretion, and Capture (ESCape) that can be used for the directed evolution of antibodies. The technology utilizes water-in-oil emulsions to compartmentalize individual phage clones displaying antibodies so that they can be queried against antigens individually. This allows for finer discrimination of binding kinetics compared to traditional phage display methods. The document demonstrates that the technology can distinguish antibodies with a 300-fold difference in binding affinity and can be used to select antibodies with improved thermal stability.
This thesis examines how probiotics modulate immune responses by stimulating bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and basophils (BMBs) in co-culture experiments. Flow cytometry was used to analyze cell surface markers, transcription factors, and cytokines produced. Results showed that BMBs stimulated with probiotics increased IL-4 production, which is involved in Th2 polarization. BMDCs stimulated with probiotics increasingly produced cytokines that promote Th1, Th17, and Treg polarization. Co-cultures of BMDCs and BMBs likely enhanced Th2 immune responses. The probiotic strains Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 and Lactobacillus casei BL
1) YopJ is a type III secretion effector protein produced by pathogenic Yersinia bacteria that induces host cell death.
2) This study examined the mechanism of cell death and caspase-1 activation in macrophages infected with Y. pestis KIM, which produces the YopJKIM isoform known to have high cytotoxic activity.
3) The results showed that YopJKIM induces necrotic cell death in macrophages, triggering a cathepsin B-dependent pathway of caspase-1 activation. However, caspase-1 activation was found to be dispensable for the host immune response against a Yersinia strain with enhanced cytotoxicity.
This study examined apoptosis of lymphocytes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The percentage of apoptotic lymphocytes from SLE patients was significantly higher than healthy donors after 36 hours of incubation, indicating SLE patients have more lymphocytes undergoing apoptosis. A positive correlation was also found between lymphocyte apoptosis in SLE and disease activity markers like anti-dsDNA antibodies and prednisolone dosage. The percentage of CD4+ T cells was significantly lower in SLE patients compared to healthy donors.
This document describes optimizing an MTT assay to test the lymphotoxic activities of isolates of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. The author tested several variables in the MTT assay, including incubation temperature after plating, concentration of the chemical inhibitor used as a negative control, and length of incubation period. Testing different temperatures found that Jurkat cells grew significantly better at 26°C compared to the negative control. An optimized protocol using a temperature of 27°C for 3 days was developed. This new MTT assay showed that a South Korean isolate, KR-323, did not effectively inhibit Jurkat cell proliferation and more testing is needed on this isolate.
1. This study investigated the prevalence of integrons and antimicrobial resistance genes in 110 clinical isolates of Enterobacter species collected from hospitals in Tehran, Iran between 2012-2013.
2. The study found that 45 isolates (41%) contained integrons, with class 1 integrons being most common. Integron-positive isolates showed higher resistance to antibiotics like augmentin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and cefoxitin.
3. Ten integron-positive isolates were found to be ESBL producers. Common resistance genes identified included blaTEM (20%), blaCTX-M-1 (15.6%), and genes encoding aminoglycoside
Monoclonal antibodies are identical antibodies produced by a single clone of cells that recognize a specific antigen. They are produced through the fusion of antibody-producing B cells with myeloma cells to form a hybridoma that can produce the antibody indefinitely. Monoclonal antibodies have advantages like homogeneity and specificity since each recognizes the same epitope. They have various applications like cancer treatment and treating rheumatoid arthritis. Some common monoclonal antibodies are Bevacizumab, Rituximab, Abciximab, and Palivizumab which are used to treat conditions like cancer, arthritis, and respiratory infections.
This document summarizes a novel micro-emulsion technology called Phage Emulsion, Secretion, and Capture (ESCape) that can be used for the directed evolution of antibodies. The technology utilizes water-in-oil emulsions to compartmentalize individual phage clones displaying antibodies so that they can be queried against antigens individually. This allows for finer discrimination of binding kinetics compared to traditional phage display methods. The document demonstrates that the technology can distinguish antibodies with a 300-fold difference in binding affinity and can be used to select antibodies with improved thermal stability.
Nuhu et al_Poster NAPA2016 correction and observationNuhu Tanko
The study determined the prevalence and genetic profiles of ESBL-producing uropathogens among members of the Enterobacteriaceae family at Specialist Hospital Sokoto, Nigeria. A total of 64 Gram-negative uropathogens were isolated from 365 urine samples, with E. coli and Salmonella arizonae being most prevalent. The isolates showed high resistance to cotrimoxazole, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin. 64.1% of isolates were multidrug resistant. ESBL production was detected in 23.4% of isolates. PCR analysis showed 73.3% of ESBL producers contained the blaCTX-M gene and 26.7
In vitro experiments of prokaryotic and eukaryotic antimicrobial peptide cyto...AI Publications
These proteinaceous molecules, called antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), are a varied collection of antimicrobial peptides. The ability of AMPs to combat gut infections necessitates further study of the AMP-GI tract interaction. These peptides need to be tested in vitro for cytotoxicity before they may be considered for use in clinical infections. Using the MTT conversion assay, neutral red dye absorption assay, and a comparison to vancomycin, researchers examined the cytotoxicity of gallidermin, nisin A, natural magainin peptides, and melittin in two gastrointestinal cell types (HT29 and Caco-2). Sheep erythrocyte hemolytic activity was also studied, and the influence of AMPs on paracellular permeability was assessed using transepithelial resistance (TEER) and TEM. Gallidermin, nisin A, magainin I, magainin II, and melittin were the least cytotoxic AMPs. To our knowledge, only Melittin and NIS caused considerable hemolysis. There are two distinct ways that melittin and nisin differ in their ability to kill bacteria. It was the only AMP that had an effect on the permeability of the paracellular space. Intestinal tight junctions and cell–cell adhesion were destroyed by long-term melittin therapy, as were microvilli, cell debris, and cell–cell adhesion. Antimicrobial activity and low cytotoxicity make Gallidermin a promising therapeutic drug. The antibacterial properties of Melittin are limited, but its ability to transport poorly bioavailable medicines may be useful.
This document describes a screen of 50,000 compounds to identify inhibitors of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-induced epithelial scattering. Several structurally distinct compounds were identified that had not previously been reported to have biological activity. Further analysis revealed that many of the compounds broadly inhibit cancer cell proliferation by arresting cell division in G2/M phase with minimal induction of apoptosis. This effect is consistent with microtubule-targeting agents. Biochemical assays showed that several compounds directly inhibit microtubule polymerization. Some pharmacokinetic properties of the compounds were also assessed.
Activation-of-human-immunodeficiency-virus-type-1-expression-by-Gardnerella-v...Farhad B. Hashemi, PhD
This study found that lysates from Gardnerella vaginalis, a bacteria commonly associated with bacterial vaginosis, significantly stimulated HIV expression in monocytoid cells and certain T cell lines. G. vaginalis lysates activated HIV long terminal repeat transcription and increased NF-kB binding activity in HIV-infected cells, indicating an effect on HIV transcription. The activation of HIV production by G. vaginalis suggests that G. vaginalis infection in the genital tract may increase the risk of HIV transmission by enhancing HIV expression levels in the genital tract. This could help explain the link between bacterial vaginosis and increased sexual transmission of HIV.
Monoclonal antibodies are antibodies that are directed against a specific antigen. They are produced by a single clone of cells and can be obtained from immortalized B-lymphocytes or recombinant cell lines. The production of monoclonal antibodies involves immunizing an animal, fusing its spleen cells with myeloma cells to form hybridomas, selecting hybridomas that secrete the desired antibody, and propagating these cells to produce large amounts of monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies have various applications in cancer therapy, organ transplantation, disease diagnosis, and protein purification. Recent developments include FDA approvals of monoclonal antibodies for treating cancer and blood disorders.
1. The document discusses mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, focusing on beta-lactam resistance. It describes how bacteria can acquire resistance through mutation or horizontal gene transfer of mobile genetic elements carrying resistance genes.
2. Major mechanisms of beta-lactam resistance in bacteria involve altering drug targets, enzymatically inactivating antibiotics, reducing drug accessibility, or increasing drug efflux. The document reviews resistance in key pathogens like MRSA, VRE, and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and Acinetobacter baumannii.
3. It also briefly discusses strategies to overcome resistance, like developing new antibiotics and finding ways to improve drug delivery through cell membranes.
Monoclonal antibodies (mAb or moAb) are antibodies that are made by identical immune cells that are all clones of a unique parent cell. Monoclonal antibodies can have monovalent affinity, in that they bind to the same epitope (the part of an antigen that is recognized by the antibody). In contrast, polyclonal antibodies bind to multiple epitopes and are usually made by several different plasma cell (antibody secreting immune cell) lineages. Bispecific monoclonal antibodies can also be engineered, by increasing the therapeutic targets of one single monoclonal antibody to two epitopes. Given almost any substance, it is possible to produce monoclonal antibodies that specifically bind to that substance; they can then serve to detect or purify that substance. This has become an important tool in biochemistry, molecular biology, and medicine. When used as medications, non-proprietary drug names end in -mab and many immunotherapy specialists use the word mab anacronymically.
Scientists developed a fluorescent antibody probe called a mintbody that detects monomethylation of lysine 20 in histone H4 in living cells. This probe allows monitoring of histone modifications and genome integrity in single living cells without disrupting cellular functions. The mintbody specifically detects H4K20me1 over di- and trimethylation in yeast, mammalian cells, and multicellular organisms. Using the mintbody, scientists were able to monitor changes in H4K20me1 levels and localization of dosage-compensated X chromosomes in the roundworm C. elegans without affecting cell function. The structure and amino acids responsible for the mintbody's stability, solubility, and performance were identified using
MODULATING EFFECT OF ESTRADIOL, IFN-γ AND T-CELLS ON ESTROGEN RECEPTORS EXPRE...Татьяна Гергелюк
The fight against malignant neoplasms is one of the most pressing problems in biology and medicine. Breast cancer (BC) takes the first place in the structure of cancer incidence and cause of death of thousands women in Ukraine
every year. One of the main treatments for breast cancer along with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, is a hormonal influence on sensitive cells of the tumor. 75% of all breast tumors is hormone sensitive, because express estrogen (ER)
and progesterone receptors (PR). The most effective drugs are anti-estrogen substances, the most famous of them - tamoxifen (TAM). The level of PR and ER is an important parameter of effectiveness of TAM. Loss of sensitivity of
tumor to TAM over time may be associated with decreasing of the number of steroid receptors. In this regard, it is necessary to find methods of influence on receptor status of cells BC.
This is a lecture by Dr. Jerry McLaughlin about his research into extracts of pawpaw plants, annonaceous acetogenins, in vitro, in vivo, mechanism of action, and toxicity in mice.
The document discusses the annual meeting of the Japanese Society of Toxicology on the evaluation of antibody drugs from the standpoint of quality and safety. It was presented by Toru Kawanishi from the National Institute of Health Sciences. The presentation covered topics including a new era of monoclonal antibody drugs, principles of quality and safety evaluation of biotechnological protein drugs, quality control and safety evaluation of monoclonal antibody drugs, and new types of monoclonal antibody drugs. It provided details on regulatory guidelines from ICH, characterization and quality control of monoclonal antibodies, and their mechanisms of action.
This document describes flow cytometry techniques for diagnosing non-Hodgkin and Hodgkin lymphomas. It outlines procedures for sample preparation, immunostaining, and gating strategies for analysis. Key methods include disaggregating tissue specimens, labeling cell suspensions with surface and intracellular antibodies, and examining lymphocyte populations for abnormal antigen expression patterns compared to normal cells. Examples of flow cytometry analyses are provided to identify chronic lymphocytic leukemia, marginal zone lymphoma, hairy cell leukemia, and Burkitt lymphoma. The techniques allow rapid immunophenotyping of lymphomas for diagnostic classification.
This document discusses monoclonal antibodies (mAb), including their production through hybridoma technology. Some key points:
- mAb are identical antibodies produced by identical immune cells cloned from a single parent cell. They were first produced in 1975 using cell fusions.
- The hybridoma technique involves immunizing an animal, fusing spleen cells that produce antibodies with myeloma cells to form a hybridoma, and using HAT medium to select antibody-producing hybridomas.
- Applications of mAb include research, diagnostics, and therapies for cancer, autoimmune disorders, and more. Variants like chimeric and humanized mAb reduce immunogenicity.
The document summarizes the process of producing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) through hybridoma technology. It involves immunizing an animal, usually a mouse, to elicit an immune response. B cells from the animal's spleen are then fused with myeloma cells to generate immortal hybridoma cells. These hybridoma cells are screened and selected in HAT medium to identify clones that produce the desired mAb. The selected clones are then subjected to further characterization and mass production methods.
1. The study investigated antibiotic resistance and the presence of the blaCTX-M-15 gene in Enterobacter species isolated from hospitals in Tehran, Iran between 2012-2013.
2. It found high rates of resistance to common antibiotics like Augmentin and high frequencies of the blaCTX-M-15 gene (11.8% of isolates).
3. The blaCTX-M-15 gene was found to be located on conjugative plasmids in one Enterobacter isolate, demonstrating its potential for horizontal transfer between bacteria.
This study characterized carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CNSAb) isolates collected from burn patients at a hospital in Tehran, Iran. Of the 92 A. baumannii isolates tested, 69 were confirmed to be CNSAb based on imipenem resistance. Antibiotic susceptibility testing found high resistance rates to multiple classes of antibiotics. Molecular analysis identified several beta-lactamase genes conferring resistance. Most isolates belonged to international clones and sequence types previously seen worldwide. Genetic analysis using multiple methods found diversity but also the presence of dominant strains. The study provides information on the antibiotic resistance and genetic characteristics of CNSAb in Iranian burn patients.
This study aimed to determine post mortem interval (PMI) by examining the colonization trend of microorganisms in decomposing rats. Researchers collected oral swabs from rats at various time intervals after death and analyzed bacterial growth via culture and identification. Peak colonization was observed at 41 hours, correlating with the active decay stage of decomposition. Colony A showed higher colonization rates than Colony B, suggesting it plays a more influential role in decomposition. Blood agar supported more bacterial growth than MacConkey agar. The colonization trend of microorganisms over time correlated with PMI, providing an alternative methodology for estimating time of death.
Monoclonal antibodies & hybridoma technologyAjay Dominic
Monoclonal antibodies are produced from a single clone of cells and bind to the same epitope. They are produced using hybridoma technology which involves fusing antibody-secreting B cells with myeloma cells to form immortal hybridoma cells that secrete monoclonal antibodies. This technique was developed by Kohler and Milstein in 1975 and they received the Nobel Prize.
A normal cell can be transformed into a cancerous cell. Discuss the therapeut...DebbieAng2
Therapeutic strategies for targeting cellular transformation and preventing/treating cancer include inhibiting transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling, using antisense oligonucleotides, monoclonal antibodies, kinase inhibitors or aptamers that interfere with downstream SMAD proteins in the TGF-β pathway. Bacterial therapy is also being explored which uses bacteria's ability to preferentially target tumors and activate the immune system or deliver antitumor therapeutics specifically to cancer cells. However, these approaches face challenges regarding safety, delivery methods and translating findings between hosts.
This research article assessed the cytotoxic activity of essential oils from rosemary, turmeric, and ginger plants against cervical cancer (HeLa) cells. Turmeric (CEO) and ginger (GEO) essential oils exhibited potent cytotoxicity, with CEO having an IC50 of 36.6 μg/mL and GEO an IC50 of 129.9 μg/mL. Cell morphology analysis revealed CEO and GEO treated cells displayed chromatin condensation, membrane blebbing, and cell content leakage at concentrations as low as 32.81 μg/mL for CEO and 32.12 μg/mL for GEO. An Annexin V assay further showed CEO and GEO induced cell death through apoptosis. The results suggest CEO and GEO have cytotoxic effects in vitro
1. The study examines the effects of supernatant from Serratia marcescens bacterial cultures on various cancer cell lines and non-malignant cells. They find the supernatant induces rapid apoptosis in cancer cell lines through DNA fragmentation and caspase activation, but with little toxicity to non-cancerous cells.
2. They identify the compound responsible as prodigiosin, a red pigment produced by S. marcescens. Mutant bacterial strains that do not produce prodigiosin do not induce apoptosis, and prodigiosin is isolated and identified from S. marcescens.
3. The results suggest prodigiosin induces apoptosis in hematopoietic cancer cells specifically, raising
Nuhu et al_Poster NAPA2016 correction and observationNuhu Tanko
The study determined the prevalence and genetic profiles of ESBL-producing uropathogens among members of the Enterobacteriaceae family at Specialist Hospital Sokoto, Nigeria. A total of 64 Gram-negative uropathogens were isolated from 365 urine samples, with E. coli and Salmonella arizonae being most prevalent. The isolates showed high resistance to cotrimoxazole, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin. 64.1% of isolates were multidrug resistant. ESBL production was detected in 23.4% of isolates. PCR analysis showed 73.3% of ESBL producers contained the blaCTX-M gene and 26.7
In vitro experiments of prokaryotic and eukaryotic antimicrobial peptide cyto...AI Publications
These proteinaceous molecules, called antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), are a varied collection of antimicrobial peptides. The ability of AMPs to combat gut infections necessitates further study of the AMP-GI tract interaction. These peptides need to be tested in vitro for cytotoxicity before they may be considered for use in clinical infections. Using the MTT conversion assay, neutral red dye absorption assay, and a comparison to vancomycin, researchers examined the cytotoxicity of gallidermin, nisin A, natural magainin peptides, and melittin in two gastrointestinal cell types (HT29 and Caco-2). Sheep erythrocyte hemolytic activity was also studied, and the influence of AMPs on paracellular permeability was assessed using transepithelial resistance (TEER) and TEM. Gallidermin, nisin A, magainin I, magainin II, and melittin were the least cytotoxic AMPs. To our knowledge, only Melittin and NIS caused considerable hemolysis. There are two distinct ways that melittin and nisin differ in their ability to kill bacteria. It was the only AMP that had an effect on the permeability of the paracellular space. Intestinal tight junctions and cell–cell adhesion were destroyed by long-term melittin therapy, as were microvilli, cell debris, and cell–cell adhesion. Antimicrobial activity and low cytotoxicity make Gallidermin a promising therapeutic drug. The antibacterial properties of Melittin are limited, but its ability to transport poorly bioavailable medicines may be useful.
This document describes a screen of 50,000 compounds to identify inhibitors of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-induced epithelial scattering. Several structurally distinct compounds were identified that had not previously been reported to have biological activity. Further analysis revealed that many of the compounds broadly inhibit cancer cell proliferation by arresting cell division in G2/M phase with minimal induction of apoptosis. This effect is consistent with microtubule-targeting agents. Biochemical assays showed that several compounds directly inhibit microtubule polymerization. Some pharmacokinetic properties of the compounds were also assessed.
Activation-of-human-immunodeficiency-virus-type-1-expression-by-Gardnerella-v...Farhad B. Hashemi, PhD
This study found that lysates from Gardnerella vaginalis, a bacteria commonly associated with bacterial vaginosis, significantly stimulated HIV expression in monocytoid cells and certain T cell lines. G. vaginalis lysates activated HIV long terminal repeat transcription and increased NF-kB binding activity in HIV-infected cells, indicating an effect on HIV transcription. The activation of HIV production by G. vaginalis suggests that G. vaginalis infection in the genital tract may increase the risk of HIV transmission by enhancing HIV expression levels in the genital tract. This could help explain the link between bacterial vaginosis and increased sexual transmission of HIV.
Monoclonal antibodies are antibodies that are directed against a specific antigen. They are produced by a single clone of cells and can be obtained from immortalized B-lymphocytes or recombinant cell lines. The production of monoclonal antibodies involves immunizing an animal, fusing its spleen cells with myeloma cells to form hybridomas, selecting hybridomas that secrete the desired antibody, and propagating these cells to produce large amounts of monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies have various applications in cancer therapy, organ transplantation, disease diagnosis, and protein purification. Recent developments include FDA approvals of monoclonal antibodies for treating cancer and blood disorders.
1. The document discusses mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, focusing on beta-lactam resistance. It describes how bacteria can acquire resistance through mutation or horizontal gene transfer of mobile genetic elements carrying resistance genes.
2. Major mechanisms of beta-lactam resistance in bacteria involve altering drug targets, enzymatically inactivating antibiotics, reducing drug accessibility, or increasing drug efflux. The document reviews resistance in key pathogens like MRSA, VRE, and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and Acinetobacter baumannii.
3. It also briefly discusses strategies to overcome resistance, like developing new antibiotics and finding ways to improve drug delivery through cell membranes.
Monoclonal antibodies (mAb or moAb) are antibodies that are made by identical immune cells that are all clones of a unique parent cell. Monoclonal antibodies can have monovalent affinity, in that they bind to the same epitope (the part of an antigen that is recognized by the antibody). In contrast, polyclonal antibodies bind to multiple epitopes and are usually made by several different plasma cell (antibody secreting immune cell) lineages. Bispecific monoclonal antibodies can also be engineered, by increasing the therapeutic targets of one single monoclonal antibody to two epitopes. Given almost any substance, it is possible to produce monoclonal antibodies that specifically bind to that substance; they can then serve to detect or purify that substance. This has become an important tool in biochemistry, molecular biology, and medicine. When used as medications, non-proprietary drug names end in -mab and many immunotherapy specialists use the word mab anacronymically.
Scientists developed a fluorescent antibody probe called a mintbody that detects monomethylation of lysine 20 in histone H4 in living cells. This probe allows monitoring of histone modifications and genome integrity in single living cells without disrupting cellular functions. The mintbody specifically detects H4K20me1 over di- and trimethylation in yeast, mammalian cells, and multicellular organisms. Using the mintbody, scientists were able to monitor changes in H4K20me1 levels and localization of dosage-compensated X chromosomes in the roundworm C. elegans without affecting cell function. The structure and amino acids responsible for the mintbody's stability, solubility, and performance were identified using
MODULATING EFFECT OF ESTRADIOL, IFN-γ AND T-CELLS ON ESTROGEN RECEPTORS EXPRE...Татьяна Гергелюк
The fight against malignant neoplasms is one of the most pressing problems in biology and medicine. Breast cancer (BC) takes the first place in the structure of cancer incidence and cause of death of thousands women in Ukraine
every year. One of the main treatments for breast cancer along with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, is a hormonal influence on sensitive cells of the tumor. 75% of all breast tumors is hormone sensitive, because express estrogen (ER)
and progesterone receptors (PR). The most effective drugs are anti-estrogen substances, the most famous of them - tamoxifen (TAM). The level of PR and ER is an important parameter of effectiveness of TAM. Loss of sensitivity of
tumor to TAM over time may be associated with decreasing of the number of steroid receptors. In this regard, it is necessary to find methods of influence on receptor status of cells BC.
This is a lecture by Dr. Jerry McLaughlin about his research into extracts of pawpaw plants, annonaceous acetogenins, in vitro, in vivo, mechanism of action, and toxicity in mice.
The document discusses the annual meeting of the Japanese Society of Toxicology on the evaluation of antibody drugs from the standpoint of quality and safety. It was presented by Toru Kawanishi from the National Institute of Health Sciences. The presentation covered topics including a new era of monoclonal antibody drugs, principles of quality and safety evaluation of biotechnological protein drugs, quality control and safety evaluation of monoclonal antibody drugs, and new types of monoclonal antibody drugs. It provided details on regulatory guidelines from ICH, characterization and quality control of monoclonal antibodies, and their mechanisms of action.
This document describes flow cytometry techniques for diagnosing non-Hodgkin and Hodgkin lymphomas. It outlines procedures for sample preparation, immunostaining, and gating strategies for analysis. Key methods include disaggregating tissue specimens, labeling cell suspensions with surface and intracellular antibodies, and examining lymphocyte populations for abnormal antigen expression patterns compared to normal cells. Examples of flow cytometry analyses are provided to identify chronic lymphocytic leukemia, marginal zone lymphoma, hairy cell leukemia, and Burkitt lymphoma. The techniques allow rapid immunophenotyping of lymphomas for diagnostic classification.
This document discusses monoclonal antibodies (mAb), including their production through hybridoma technology. Some key points:
- mAb are identical antibodies produced by identical immune cells cloned from a single parent cell. They were first produced in 1975 using cell fusions.
- The hybridoma technique involves immunizing an animal, fusing spleen cells that produce antibodies with myeloma cells to form a hybridoma, and using HAT medium to select antibody-producing hybridomas.
- Applications of mAb include research, diagnostics, and therapies for cancer, autoimmune disorders, and more. Variants like chimeric and humanized mAb reduce immunogenicity.
The document summarizes the process of producing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) through hybridoma technology. It involves immunizing an animal, usually a mouse, to elicit an immune response. B cells from the animal's spleen are then fused with myeloma cells to generate immortal hybridoma cells. These hybridoma cells are screened and selected in HAT medium to identify clones that produce the desired mAb. The selected clones are then subjected to further characterization and mass production methods.
1. The study investigated antibiotic resistance and the presence of the blaCTX-M-15 gene in Enterobacter species isolated from hospitals in Tehran, Iran between 2012-2013.
2. It found high rates of resistance to common antibiotics like Augmentin and high frequencies of the blaCTX-M-15 gene (11.8% of isolates).
3. The blaCTX-M-15 gene was found to be located on conjugative plasmids in one Enterobacter isolate, demonstrating its potential for horizontal transfer between bacteria.
This study characterized carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CNSAb) isolates collected from burn patients at a hospital in Tehran, Iran. Of the 92 A. baumannii isolates tested, 69 were confirmed to be CNSAb based on imipenem resistance. Antibiotic susceptibility testing found high resistance rates to multiple classes of antibiotics. Molecular analysis identified several beta-lactamase genes conferring resistance. Most isolates belonged to international clones and sequence types previously seen worldwide. Genetic analysis using multiple methods found diversity but also the presence of dominant strains. The study provides information on the antibiotic resistance and genetic characteristics of CNSAb in Iranian burn patients.
This study aimed to determine post mortem interval (PMI) by examining the colonization trend of microorganisms in decomposing rats. Researchers collected oral swabs from rats at various time intervals after death and analyzed bacterial growth via culture and identification. Peak colonization was observed at 41 hours, correlating with the active decay stage of decomposition. Colony A showed higher colonization rates than Colony B, suggesting it plays a more influential role in decomposition. Blood agar supported more bacterial growth than MacConkey agar. The colonization trend of microorganisms over time correlated with PMI, providing an alternative methodology for estimating time of death.
Monoclonal antibodies & hybridoma technologyAjay Dominic
Monoclonal antibodies are produced from a single clone of cells and bind to the same epitope. They are produced using hybridoma technology which involves fusing antibody-secreting B cells with myeloma cells to form immortal hybridoma cells that secrete monoclonal antibodies. This technique was developed by Kohler and Milstein in 1975 and they received the Nobel Prize.
A normal cell can be transformed into a cancerous cell. Discuss the therapeut...DebbieAng2
Therapeutic strategies for targeting cellular transformation and preventing/treating cancer include inhibiting transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling, using antisense oligonucleotides, monoclonal antibodies, kinase inhibitors or aptamers that interfere with downstream SMAD proteins in the TGF-β pathway. Bacterial therapy is also being explored which uses bacteria's ability to preferentially target tumors and activate the immune system or deliver antitumor therapeutics specifically to cancer cells. However, these approaches face challenges regarding safety, delivery methods and translating findings between hosts.
This research article assessed the cytotoxic activity of essential oils from rosemary, turmeric, and ginger plants against cervical cancer (HeLa) cells. Turmeric (CEO) and ginger (GEO) essential oils exhibited potent cytotoxicity, with CEO having an IC50 of 36.6 μg/mL and GEO an IC50 of 129.9 μg/mL. Cell morphology analysis revealed CEO and GEO treated cells displayed chromatin condensation, membrane blebbing, and cell content leakage at concentrations as low as 32.81 μg/mL for CEO and 32.12 μg/mL for GEO. An Annexin V assay further showed CEO and GEO induced cell death through apoptosis. The results suggest CEO and GEO have cytotoxic effects in vitro
1. The study examines the effects of supernatant from Serratia marcescens bacterial cultures on various cancer cell lines and non-malignant cells. They find the supernatant induces rapid apoptosis in cancer cell lines through DNA fragmentation and caspase activation, but with little toxicity to non-cancerous cells.
2. They identify the compound responsible as prodigiosin, a red pigment produced by S. marcescens. Mutant bacterial strains that do not produce prodigiosin do not induce apoptosis, and prodigiosin is isolated and identified from S. marcescens.
3. The results suggest prodigiosin induces apoptosis in hematopoietic cancer cells specifically, raising
This research article examines the role of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in regulating the proliferative and stem-like properties of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). The results showed that GSCs rapidly consume ceramide and export S1P into the extracellular environment. Extracellular S1P levels reached nanomolar concentrations in response to increased sphingosine. S1P was also found to act as an autocrine factor that promotes GSC proliferation and maintains their stem-like phenotype. This suggests that microenvironmental S1P critically modulates the GSC population by acting as an autocrine signal to support stemness and favor proliferation, survival, and therapeutic resistance of GSCs.
1) Prodigiosin, a bacterial metabolite, induces apoptosis in human breast cancer cells. Gene expression profiling found that prodigiosin strongly increased expression of the NAG-1 gene.
2) Experiments showed that prodigiosin triggers accumulation of the tumor suppressor protein p53, but induction of NAG-1 was independent of p53.
3) Prodigiosin causes inhibition of AKT and activation of glycogen synthase kinase-3B (GSK-3B). Induction of NAG-1 and apoptosis correlated with GSK-3B activation. Inhibiting GSK-3B reduced apoptosis, suggesting GSK-3B plays a key role in the proap
The effect of silver nanoparticles on Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm biom...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
Abstract
Objective(s):
Bacterial biofilm has been considered responsible for many deaths and high health costs worldwide. Their better protection against antibacterial agents compared to free living cells leads to poor treatment efficiency. Nanotechnology is promising approach to combat biofilm infections. The aim of the present study was to eradicate Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm with silver nanoparticles (SNPs).
Materials and Methods:
SNPs were used at different concentrations (two fold dilutions) and incubation times (24, 48, 72 h). The crystal violet staining and pour plate assays were used to assess biofilm biomass and bacterial viability, respectively. The ability of SNPs on biofilm matrix eradication was assessed through optical density ratio (ODr). Positive control was defined as an ODr =1.0.
Results:
The crystal violet assay indicated that the biofilm matrixes were intact at different concentrations of SNOs and incubation times. There were no significant differences between these parameters (P >0.05). Bacterial enumeration studies revealed that higher concentrations of SNPs were more effective in killing bacteria than lower ones. Although, longer incubation times led to enhancement of anti-biofilm activity of SNPs.
Conclusion:
The anti-biofilm activity of SNPs was concentration- and time-dependent. The results of this study highlighted that SNPs were effective against cell viability; however they were ineffective against biomass.
This document describes the design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel antimicrobial dipeptidomimetic compounds. A library of linear and branched dipeptidomimetics was created by modifying spermine with tryptophan residues at different positions and with different N-terminal tags. Eight compounds showed good antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis. Two lead compounds were nonhemolytic, rapidly bactericidal against MRSA, and did not induce resistance after multiple passages. These compounds were also effective against MRSA biofilms by inhibiting formation and reducing viability of mature biofilms. The membrane interactions and lower
Functional Disparity of Carcinoma Associated Fibroblasts in Different Stages ...daranisaha
Carcinoma associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are known responsible for immune evasion and growth of cancer and the crosstalk between CAFs and the immune system is still unidentified.
Functional Disparity of Carcinoma Associated Fibroblasts in Different Stages ...AnonIshanvi
This document reports on a study that found functional differences between carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) isolated from two different stages of breast cancer in a mouse model. CAFs isolated from stage 2 tumors (CAF-II) exhibited higher expression of immune-suppressive enzymes IDO and TGF-β compared to CAFs from stage 4 tumors (CAF-IV), which exhibited higher expression of iNOS and IL-10. This suggests the tumor microenvironments influenced by CAFs differ between cancer stages, which may contribute to varying responses to cancer therapies depending on the stage. Further research is needed to fully understand how CAF functions change during cancer progression and their potential as therapeutic targets at different stages.
Functional Disparity of Carcinoma Associated Fibroblasts in Different Stages ...JohnJulie1
Carcinoma associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are known responsible for immune evasion and growth of cancer and the crosstalk between CAFs and the immune system is still unidentified.
Functional Disparity of Carcinoma Associated Fibroblasts in Different Stages ...semualkaira
Carcinoma associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are known responsible for immune evasion and growth of Carcinoma associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are known responsible for immune evasion and growth of cancer and the crosstalk between CAFs and the immune system is still unidentified.cancer and the crosstalk between CAFs and the immune system is still unidentified.
Functional Disparity of Carcinoma Associated Fibroblasts in Different Stages ...semualkaira
Carcinoma associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are known responsible for immune evasion and growth of cancer and the crosstalk between CAFs and the immune system is still unidentified.
Functional Disparity of Carcinoma Associated Fibroblasts in Different Stages ...semualkaira
Carcinoma associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are known responsible for immune evasion and growth of cancer and the crosstalk between CAFs and the immune system is still unidentified.
Functional Disparity of Carcinoma Associated Fibroblasts in Different Stages ...EditorSara
Carcinoma associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are known responsible for immune evasion and growth of cancer and the crosstalk between CAFs and the immune system is still unidentified
Functional Disparity of Carcinoma Associated Fibroblasts in Different Stages ...EditorSara
This document discusses functional differences between carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) isolated from two stages of breast cancer in a mouse model. CAFs were isolated from stage 2 and stage 4 MBL-6 tumors. Stage 2 CAFs exhibited higher expression of IDO and induced higher TGF-β production, while stage 4 CAFs exhibited higher expression of iNOS and induced higher IL-10 production. The differences in markers, cytokines, and enzymes between CAFs at different stages suggest they create distinct tumor microenvironments and may influence the effectiveness of cancer therapies depending on the stage. Further study is needed to understand how CAFs at different stages could be targeted therapeutically.
Functional Disparity of Carcinoma Associated Fibroblasts in Different Stages ...semualkaira
Carcinoma associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are known responsible for immune evasion and growth of cancer and the crosstalk between CAFs and the immune system is still unidentified.
This document summarizes several research grant proposals awarded by the International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) in 2019. The proposals cover a wide range of topics related to agriculture, health and biotechnology:
1) A proposal to study ferroptosis-like cell death in plants which occurs in response to heat stress and could lead to new approaches for crop protection during climate change.
2) Engineering vitamin A-rich orange eggplant which could help reduce vitamin A deficiency in developing countries.
3) Defining the soybean leaf microbiome to search for disease-suppressing bacteria against Asian Soybean Rust, a major threat to Brazilian soybean production.
4) Develop
Reduced Antimony Accumulation in ARM58-Overexpressing Leishmania infantumCarola Schäfer
1. The study identified ARM58, a novel antimony resistance marker gene in Leishmania infantum.
2. Overexpression of ARM58 in L. infantum reduces intracellular accumulation of antimony (Sb) by over 70%, indicating its role in Sb extrusion pathways.
3. A small putative transmembrane domain within one of ARM58's four conserved domains was found to be critical for its function in reducing Sb accumulation.
Microbiome: The genes and genomes of the microbiota, as well as the products of the microbiota and the host environment” [the collective genomes of the micro-organisms in a particular environment. Although the composition of the gut microbiota varies between individuals, the community in each individual is relatively stable over time.
Similar to The Most Informative Mistake about Report Interpretation of Slit Skin Smear_ Crimson Publishers (20)
The successful of pregnancy in humans and rodents occur between the interaction maternal and fetal
interface, specially involving the participation of uNK cells. This interaction involved neo angiogenesis,
placentation and presence of mediators like nitric oxide. During the pregnancy the administration of LPS
in the dams can results in necrosis, preterm birth, IUGR, miscarriage or neurological problem. Once the
uNK cells are activated, they can produce vasodilators, like NO. So, the main purpose of this study was
to evaluate if LPS cause alteration in the uNK cells in pregnant mice and if the same behaviour can be
detected by NO in the blood. Also we evaluated the effect of LPS to cause neurological injuries. To do that
we used pregnant mice on gd 10th and those was treated with LPS for different times. Uterine samples
were collected at 0.5,1,2 and 6hr after LPS treated and processed for paraffin embedding and tissue
homogenate. The samples designated for paraffin embedding was performed the Dolichos biflorus (DBA)
lectin cytochemistry and anti-iNOS immunocytochemistry. The samples designated to tissue homogenates
were processed for SDS-PAGE and Western-blot using anti-iNOS and evaluate of NO concentration. We
found after 2h LPS exposure the mice showed fever and low capacity to explore different environment.
At the same time, we found increase in the nitrate/nitrito ratio in a dose dependent manner in the uterus
after 2h LPS exposure.
Comparison of Ultrabio HIV DNA PCR and Gag Real-Time PCR Assays for Total Hiv...CrimsonpublishersCJMI
Comparison of Ultrabio HIV DNA PCR and Gag Real-Time PCR Assays for Total Hiv-1 DNA Quantification by Tuofu Zhu in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease
Disinfection of Mycotic Species Isolated from Cases of Bovine Mastitis Showin...CrimsonpublishersCJMI
Disinfection of Mycotic Species Isolated from Cases of Bovine Mastitis Showing Antifungal Resistance by Elaine Meade in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease
Computational Prediction for Antibiotics Resistance Through Machine Learning ...CrimsonpublishersCJMI
Computational Prediction for Antibiotics
Resistance Through Machine Learning and Pk/Pd
Analysis by Hyunjo Kim in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease
Growth Factors in the Human Body: A Conceptual Update_Crimson PublishersCrimsonpublishersCJMI
Growth factors are signaling molecules that stimulate cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation. They were originally discovered through their effects on cell and tissue growth in culture. Growth factors act through paracrine, autocrine, or endocrine signaling and can be divided into families based on their structure and function. Some major growth factor families include transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and insulin-like growth factor. Growth factors play roles in processes like wound healing but can also contribute to diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and liver fibrosis when their regulation is abnormal.
Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Patients Attended to Alri...CrimsonpublishersCJMI
Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Patients Attended to Alribat University hospital, Khartoum State, Sudan, 2017 by Mohammed HMN in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease
Epidemiology of Onychomycosis in Pernambuco, Northeastern of Brazil: Results ...CrimsonpublishersCJMI
Epidemiology of Onychomycosis in Pernambuco, Northeastern of Brazil: Results of a Laboratory-Based Survey by Gonçalves de Lima Neto in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease
Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Patients Attended to Alri...CrimsonpublishersCJMI
This document discusses the importance of an integrated research approach for developing microalgae fuels. It notes that interest in microalgae fuels has fluctuated with oil prices over time. While some technological advances have been made in individual stages of biomass production and processing, an integrated approach considering all stages together from strain selection to fuel conversion is needed to make the whole process economical. Each step in the process depends on and provides feedback to influence other steps. An integrated and continued research effort is required to generate realistic economic assessments for commercial scale microalgae fuel production.
Characterization of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex Strains: A Multicenter...CrimsonpublishersCJMI
Characterization of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex Strains: A Multicenter Retrospective Greek Study by Lamprini Gkaravela in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease
Genetic Resistance to Infectious Diseases in the Era of Personalized Medicine...CrimsonpublishersCJMI
Genetic Resistance to Infectious Diseases in the Era of Personalized Medicine by Andrei Alimov in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease
Comments of Clinical and Microbiological Experience with Daptomycin in Chroni...CrimsonpublishersCJMI
Comments of Clinical and Microbiological Experience with Daptomycin in Chronic Osteomyelitis Treatment by Marcano-Lozada Marcel in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease
Established the Environmental Monitoring Program Indicators to Prevent Diseas...CrimsonpublishersCJMI
Established the Environmental Monitoring Program Indicators to Prevent Disease Infection and Promote Sustainable Development by Yi-Che Shih in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease
The Evaluation of the Speed-Oligo® Mycobacteria Assay for Identification of M...CrimsonpublishersCJMI
The Evaluation of the Speed-Oligo® Mycobacteria Assay for Identification of Mycobacterium spp. from Smear Positive and Negative Sputum Samples by Gülnur Tarhan in ohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdfSelcen Ozturkcan
Ozturkcan, S., Berndt, A., & Angelakis, A. (2024). Mending clothing to support sustainable fashion. Presented at the 31st Annual Conference by the Consortium for International Marketing Research (CIMaR), 10-13 Jun 2024, University of Gävle, Sweden.
Travis Hills of MN is Making Clean Water Accessible to All Through High Flux ...Travis Hills MN
By harnessing the power of High Flux Vacuum Membrane Distillation, Travis Hills from MN envisions a future where clean and safe drinking water is accessible to all, regardless of geographical location or economic status.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...Leonel Morgado
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...Advanced-Concepts-Team
Presentation in the Science Coffee of the Advanced Concepts Team of the European Space Agency on the 07.06.2024.
Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...Leonel Morgado
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...Sérgio Sacani
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.