1. The Mobile Frontier JAN CHIPCHASE

2. it takes a team ENAYAT NAJAFIZADA, AIROKOSH FAIZI, MOKHTAR HAJJI, HAMID TASAL, FARIDA RUSTAMKH, SAM MARTIN, TOM MANNING, KRISTINA LORING, BILL MAURER, JENNY FAN & PANTHEA LEE

4. rising mobile penetration ~50% DENSITY, MANY MULTIPLE SIM OWNERS, AFGHANISTAN TELECOM REGULATORY AUTHORITY, 2010

6. ~4% banking penetration CGAP: 83 ACCOUNTS PER 1,000 PEOPLE, MANY WITH MULTIPLE ACCOUNTS

8. team

9. team

10. new styles of working MILTARY, NGO, JOURNALIST

11. ~56 participants 25 IN-DEPTH INTERVIEWS; 8 HOME VISITS PAST, PRESENT AND POTENTIAL FUTURE M-PAISA USERS; PEOPLE WITHIN THE AGENT ECOSYSTEM; MANUAL LABOURERS; POLICE OFFICERS; ENTREPRENEURS; RADIO PRODUCER; CHEMIST; TEACHER; FACTORY WORKERS; STUDENTS; SECURITY GUARDS; ELECTRICIAN; STORE CLERKS; LOCAL NGO WORKERS; CORNER APP STORE OPERATORS; FARMERS 44 MALES / 12 FEMALES RANGE OF RELIGIOUS; ETHNIC; SOCIO-ECONOMIC BACKGROUNDS

24. research challenges

25. money is taboo

26. ramadan

27. elections

28. gender divide

29. security

30. what did we learn?

31. stores of value stores of value

32. stores of value

33. stores of value

34. stores of value

35. the risks of cash

36. informal credit

37. informal credit

38. everyday graft

39. financial, mobile, textual literacy

40. trust in institutions

41. tangible vs. digital

42. finding an agent

43. social burden

44. chicken & egg

45. mobile = disruptive

46. ‘ the mobile phone is the biggest enabler of love marriages in Afghanistan today’ FEMALE, 20

47. ‘ the mobile phone is the biggest enabler of love marriages in Afghanistan today’ FEMALE, 20