The document provides details on the McDonnell Douglas MD-80, which was an upgraded version of the DC-9 airliner with a longer fuselage, larger wings, and more powerful JT8D turbofan engines. Key details include that the MD-80 had a 147-foot fuselage, could carry up to 172 passengers, and was powered by new JT8D-209 engines that were quieter and more fuel efficient compared to earlier versions. The MD-80 offered airlines an upgraded twin-engine aircraft at a time when environmental regulations were restricting the use of noisier trijets.
The Boeing 757 was developed to replace the 727 on existing routes. It featured a stretched fuselage to carry more passengers than the 727, along with more fuel-efficient turbofan engines. The initial 757-200 variant entered service in 1983 with Eastern Airlines and British Airways, powered by Rolls-Royce or Pratt & Whitney engines. Variants included a package freighter version for UPS and a military passenger version for the US Air Force.
This document provides an overview of the Pratt & Whitney R-2800 Double Wasp radial aircraft engine. Some key points:
- The R-2800 was introduced in 1937 and was considered one of the most powerful and widely used radial piston engines of WWII. It powered many important American aircraft including the F4U Corsair and P-47 Thunderbolt.
- The engine underwent numerous design improvements over its lifetime to increase power output. By 1944, experimental models produced 2,800 hp using water injection.
- Over 125,000 R-2800 engines were produced between 1939-1960. After WWII, the engine continued to be used in aircraft like the Canadair CL-215 well
Solution Manual Aircraft Propulsion and Gas Turbine Engines by Ahmed El-SayedPedroBernalFernandez
https://www.book4me.xyz/solution-manual-aircraft-propulsion-and-gas-turbine-engines-el-sayed/
Solution Manual (+ exam supplement) for Aircraft Propulsion and Gas Turbine Engines - 1st Edition
Author(s) : Ahmed F. El-Sayed
This product include both of Solution Manual and Instructor Manual for 1st edition's textbook. Solution manual and instructor manual have 647 and 237 pages respectively. They include all chapters of textbook (Chapters 1 to 16) .
The Boeing 377 Stratocruiser was developed towards the end of World War II by adapting an enlarged upper fuselage onto the lower fuselage and wings of the B-50 Superfortress bomber. It had a double-decker fuselage that provided seating for over 100 passengers and could fly nonstop across the Atlantic. While complex and expensive to produce, it served as the flagship of airlines like Pan Am and BOAC from 1949 until being replaced by early jetliners in the 1960s. Only 56 Stratocruisers were built before production ended in 1950.
In this presentation we will be learning about the terms used in the drillship specifications
the sample drillship taken for this presentation belongs to transocean which is used at KG1 and KG2
this presentation will give brief idea about Drillship(Dhirubhai Deep-water KG2).And what kind of technologies are used to build this drill ship, its design,Drilling Equipment's,Draw works,Motion Compensator,Rotary Table,Top Drive,Mud pump,Shale shaker,Riser handling,BOP and subsea equipment.
The document discusses transporting military vehicles in cargo Boeing 747 aircraft. Specifically:
1) The M113A3 armored fighting vehicle can be air-transported by cargo 747s using a sub-floor of 463L pallets, with up to 6 vehicles fitting in a single aircraft.
2) Other vehicles like the M973A2 and Wiesel 2 tracked vehicles are also transportable by 747s using 463L pallets.
3) The document proposes configurations for Infantry Brigade Combat Teams that maximize use of 747 airlift capabilities for rapid deployment.
This document proposes partially reusing the booster engine of the Atlas V rocket to reduce launch costs. It would recover the RD-180 engine after launch by using an inflatable hypersonic decelerator and helicopter retrieval. This allows recovering the most valuable component with minimal environmental exposure. The document outlines the recovery sequence and proposes using the existing External Payload Carrier on Atlas V rockets to test hypersonic decelerator technologies, which is a key risk. Partial booster reuse could double Atlas V's engine production capacity and lower costs at higher launch rates.
The Boeing 757 was developed to replace the 727 on existing routes. It featured a stretched fuselage to carry more passengers than the 727, along with more fuel-efficient turbofan engines. The initial 757-200 variant entered service in 1983 with Eastern Airlines and British Airways, powered by Rolls-Royce or Pratt & Whitney engines. Variants included a package freighter version for UPS and a military passenger version for the US Air Force.
This document provides an overview of the Pratt & Whitney R-2800 Double Wasp radial aircraft engine. Some key points:
- The R-2800 was introduced in 1937 and was considered one of the most powerful and widely used radial piston engines of WWII. It powered many important American aircraft including the F4U Corsair and P-47 Thunderbolt.
- The engine underwent numerous design improvements over its lifetime to increase power output. By 1944, experimental models produced 2,800 hp using water injection.
- Over 125,000 R-2800 engines were produced between 1939-1960. After WWII, the engine continued to be used in aircraft like the Canadair CL-215 well
Solution Manual Aircraft Propulsion and Gas Turbine Engines by Ahmed El-SayedPedroBernalFernandez
https://www.book4me.xyz/solution-manual-aircraft-propulsion-and-gas-turbine-engines-el-sayed/
Solution Manual (+ exam supplement) for Aircraft Propulsion and Gas Turbine Engines - 1st Edition
Author(s) : Ahmed F. El-Sayed
This product include both of Solution Manual and Instructor Manual for 1st edition's textbook. Solution manual and instructor manual have 647 and 237 pages respectively. They include all chapters of textbook (Chapters 1 to 16) .
The Boeing 377 Stratocruiser was developed towards the end of World War II by adapting an enlarged upper fuselage onto the lower fuselage and wings of the B-50 Superfortress bomber. It had a double-decker fuselage that provided seating for over 100 passengers and could fly nonstop across the Atlantic. While complex and expensive to produce, it served as the flagship of airlines like Pan Am and BOAC from 1949 until being replaced by early jetliners in the 1960s. Only 56 Stratocruisers were built before production ended in 1950.
In this presentation we will be learning about the terms used in the drillship specifications
the sample drillship taken for this presentation belongs to transocean which is used at KG1 and KG2
this presentation will give brief idea about Drillship(Dhirubhai Deep-water KG2).And what kind of technologies are used to build this drill ship, its design,Drilling Equipment's,Draw works,Motion Compensator,Rotary Table,Top Drive,Mud pump,Shale shaker,Riser handling,BOP and subsea equipment.
The document discusses transporting military vehicles in cargo Boeing 747 aircraft. Specifically:
1) The M113A3 armored fighting vehicle can be air-transported by cargo 747s using a sub-floor of 463L pallets, with up to 6 vehicles fitting in a single aircraft.
2) Other vehicles like the M973A2 and Wiesel 2 tracked vehicles are also transportable by 747s using 463L pallets.
3) The document proposes configurations for Infantry Brigade Combat Teams that maximize use of 747 airlift capabilities for rapid deployment.
This document proposes partially reusing the booster engine of the Atlas V rocket to reduce launch costs. It would recover the RD-180 engine after launch by using an inflatable hypersonic decelerator and helicopter retrieval. This allows recovering the most valuable component with minimal environmental exposure. The document outlines the recovery sequence and proposes using the existing External Payload Carrier on Atlas V rockets to test hypersonic decelerator technologies, which is a key risk. Partial booster reuse could double Atlas V's engine production capacity and lower costs at higher launch rates.
This document discusses LNG carriers equipped with MAN B&W ME-GI engines and high pressure gas supply systems. It describes the key components of the gas supply system, including multi-stage compressors, high pressure piping, and control systems. The document also discusses classification requirements, safety features, engine operating modes, and compares the ME-GI solution to other propulsion alternatives for LNG carriers.
The document analyzes the aerodynamic design and purpose of 5 aircraft: the B-2 bomber, Concorde airliner, Antonov An-225 cargo plane, Su-47 fighter jet, and Focke-Wulf Triebflügel interceptor. The B-2 uses a flying wing design for high lift efficiency. The Concorde's delta wing and slim fuselage allow for supersonic flight. The An-225 has a large wing area and 6 engines for heavy cargo loads. The Su-47 has forward-swept wings for increased maneuverability. The Focke-Wulf uses adjustable rotor blades and tailplanes for vertical take-off and landing as an interceptor
The document summarizes a polygon oscillating piston engine invention. The engine uses multiple pistons arranged around the sides of a polygon within cylinders. As the pistons oscillate, they compress and combust air-fuel mixtures to produce power. This design achieves a very high power-to-weight ratio of up to 2 hp per pound. Engineering analysis and design of a prototype 6-sided engine is presented, showing it can produce 168 hp from a 353 cubic feet per minute air flow at 12,960 rpm. The invention overcomes issues with prior oscillating piston designs by keeping the pistons moving in straight lines within cylinders using conventional piston rings.
Bell 212 training helicopter, united kingdomhindujudaic
The Bell 212 is a military utility helicopter operated by the UK Army Air Corps. It is a variant of the Bell UH-1 family built by Bell Helicopter Textron. The twin-engine Bell 212 has a length of 15.5m, width of 14.6m, and height of 3.9m, and can carry substantial loads in hot environments. It is powered by two Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6T-3 turboshaft engines that can produce a total of 1,342kW of power. The Bell 212 has a maximum speed of 130kt, service ceiling of 17,400ft, and range of 250nm.
The document discusses options for modifying the MC-27L aircraft to enable it to land on water. It proposes adding floats, skis, or tracked landing gear to reduce the need for prepared runways. Floats would allow water landings but reduce speed and range. Skis would have less impact on performance but the rear ramp could not open. Tracked landing gear could distribute the aircraft's weight and allow it to land virtually anywhere, including rough terrain, snow, or grassy fields. This would give special operations forces more flexible deployment options compared to traditional aircraft or tiltrotors like the V-22.
The document discusses options for modifying the MC-27L aircraft to enable it to land on water. It proposes adding floats, skis, or tracked landing gear to reduce the need for prepared runways. Floats would allow water landings but reduce speed and range. Skis would have less impact on performance but the rear ramp could not open. Tracked landing gear could distribute the aircraft's weight and allow it to land virtually anywhere, including rough terrain, snow, or grassy fields. This would give special operations forces more flexible deployment options compared to traditional aircraft or tiltrotors like the V-22.
This document discusses the use of magnesium alloys in aerospace applications, past concerns, and current solutions. It provides historical examples of magnesium alloy use in aircraft from 1943-1957. Past concerns included corrosion, but new corrosion resistant alloys have been developed like Elektron 21 and WE43. These alloys are now used in a variety of aircraft components and applications. Testing has shown these alloys have improved corrosion resistance and elevated temperature properties over older alloys. They also have better flame resistance and are less likely to ignite than other alloys like AZ91. Overall, new magnesium alloys are enabling greater use of the material in both aerospace and automotive applications.
The document compares 4th generation fighters the F-15 and Su-27. It notes that the Su-27 was intended to surpass the F-15 in overall capability with improvements like 10% larger dimensions and engines for greater thrust. The Su-27 also has a more optimized cross-section and internal fuel capacity for comparable range to rivals using external tanks. Both fighters improved maneuverability over previous generations with innovations like larger wings, more powerful engines, and advanced flight control systems.
Complete vehicle brochure for the 2011 GMC Sierra HD. Includes complete vehicle specifications, color options, and available models and options.
Visit Bob Hastings Buick GMC in Rochester, NY to view our available inventory of the 2011 GMC Sierra HD, or visit our online showroom at www.bobhastings.com.
Fighter Performance in Practice: F-4 Phantom vs MiG-21mishanbgd
Book Reviews -
If you want to know who really has the better performance F-4 or MiG-21, who is more maneuverable or faster, you can find it only in this book based on official aircraft manuals.
Who is faster or more agile operationaly and who is on paper can be seen only in this book.
I'm working like performance test engineer for Airbus, after work for Lockheed Martin.
I congratulate you for your book. It's good and specially there are not another book like this in the market.
What I read is very good, with precision, you have focused in a good point of view of analysis. I would like to be so good as you to compare 2 aircraft !!! )
It's really a good job.
I hope 2012. will be the year when you will offer a new and excellent publication about aircraft !! )
Whiskey Golf
Mig-21and fighter maneuverability in today's termsmishanbgd
The document discusses maneuverability testing of the MiG-21 fighter jet. It describes how US evaluations found the MiG-21 could maintain controllability and turn performance at much lower speeds and higher angles of attack than indicated in Soviet manuals. Even highly maneuverable jets like the F-15 struggled in dogfights against the MiG-21 at low speeds. The document analyzes aerodynamic characteristics that gave the MiG-21 excellent low-speed maneuverability, such as a delta wing design and stability at high angles of attack.
The Airbus A-310 was developed as a shorter-fuselage version of the A-300 to allow it to operate on routes with lower passenger capacity needs. It featured a 12-frame shorter fuselage than the A-300 for 245 passengers. The wing design was modified from the A-300 with a smaller span and area, reducing weight by over 3 tons. Initial orders came from launch customers Lufthansa, Swissair, and KLM who were interested in its shorter range capabilities and lower operating costs relative to larger aircraft.
This document provides an overview of a group project on the Boeing 737-800 aircraft. The group members are listed and the due date is January 21, 2016. The report contains details on the history, design, and aspects of the 737-800, including mass and center of gravity, engines, fuselage, undercarriage, wings, and tail. Simulations were conducted using a flight simulator to analyze changes made to aspects like wing dihedral angle and sweep. It was concluded that the ideal wing dihedral is 60 degrees and the current wing sweep of 25.02 degrees is sufficient, though a higher sweep could allow for higher speeds.
The document describes the design of an afterburning low bypass turbofan engine to replace the General Electric J85 engine used on the Northrop Grumman T-38 Talon jet trainer. Initial values were obtained through parametric analysis in AEDsys ONX. A low bypass twin spool compressor with 3 fan stages and 5 high pressure compressor stages was selected. Additional components including the combustion chamber, turbines, and convergent-divergent nozzle were designed. The final engine design met the criteria of reduced thrust specific fuel consumption and weight while maintaining required thrust.
The document summarizes the CASA/IPTN CN-235 maritime patrol aircraft. It describes the CN-235 as a medium-range twin-engined plane developed jointly by Spanish and Indonesian manufacturers that is used for maritime patrol, surveillance, and air transport by several countries including Spain, Ireland, Turkey, Indonesia, Brunei and UAE. It provides details on variants of the CN-235 that include changes to engines, structures, and avionics. The document also specifies the aircraft's design features, such as its two turboprop engines, propellers, and navigation systems, as well as its general specifications and performance characteristics.
Comparative Assessment of Two Thermodynamic Cycles of an aero-derivative Mari...IOSR Journals
Abstract: This paper explores the gas turbine potentials that are fully enhanced by the use of intercooling and
thermal recuperation as an engineering option available in the design of gas turbines and offered for marine
applications. It examines the off-design performance of two different cycle designs of a 25MW aero-derivative
engine by modelling and simulating each of them to operate under conditions other than those of their design
point. The simple cycle model consists of a single-spool dual shaft layout while the advanced model is
represented by an intercooled-recuperated cycle that runs on a dual-spool and is driven through a three shaft
configuration. In each case, the output shaft is coupled to a power turbine through which the propulsion power
may be transmitted to the propeller of the vessel to operate in a virtual marine environment. An off-design
performance simulation of both engines has been conducted in order to investigate and compare the effect of
ambient temperature variation during their part-load operation and particularly when subjected to a variety of
marine operating conditions. The study assesses the techno-economic impact of the complex design of the
advanced cycle over its simple cycle counterpart and demonstrates its potential for improved operating cost
through reduced fuel consumption as a significant step in the current drive for establishing the marine gas
turbine engine as a viable alternative to traditional prime movers in the ship propulsion industry.
This PPT is about Airplanes .
This PPT is useful for school students for their projects.
If you want any video to this PPT, create new slide and add a video related to airplanes.
This document presents the conceptual design of a 100-passenger regional jet aircraft intended to meet current regulations while offering improved fuel efficiency over competitors. The design was optimized using modeling tools to carry 99 passengers 500 nautical miles on 31.4 pounds of fuel per seat. Key aspects of the design include a cruise altitude of 41,000 feet and speed of Mach 0.87. The document describes the aircraft design process and tools used.
This document provides an overview of the history and technology of foil air/gas bearings for turbomachinery applications. It discusses how foil bearings have improved reliability over the past 25 years for machines like aircraft air cycle machines. It describes different types of foil bearing designs, including journal and thrust bearings, and highlights advantages like high reliability, no scheduled maintenance, ability to operate at high and low temperatures, and compatibility with different process fluids. The document traces the development of foil bearing technology by companies like AiResearch, Hamilton Standard, and MTI over several decades and in various aircraft and military applications.
Design, Development, and Fabrication of a Mini-HovercraftIRJET Journal
The document describes the design, development, and fabrication of a mini-hovercraft. Key aspects include:
1) A hovercraft prototype was designed to carry up to 130kg at moderate speeds on land and water with high stability. It uses a single engine for both lift and thrust via a duct system.
2) The hull was designed using a half-Rankine body shape to reduce drag. It was fabricated from plywood and polystyrene sheets.
3) Testing showed the prototype could travel as intended with further improvements possible to the air distribution system and propeller design.
An upgraded copy of Aeronautical Vestpocket Handbook (United Technologies Pratt & Whitney, 22nd Edition, Sep 1991). OCRed to be searchable and complete with bookmarks and links.
This document discusses LNG carriers equipped with MAN B&W ME-GI engines and high pressure gas supply systems. It describes the key components of the gas supply system, including multi-stage compressors, high pressure piping, and control systems. The document also discusses classification requirements, safety features, engine operating modes, and compares the ME-GI solution to other propulsion alternatives for LNG carriers.
The document analyzes the aerodynamic design and purpose of 5 aircraft: the B-2 bomber, Concorde airliner, Antonov An-225 cargo plane, Su-47 fighter jet, and Focke-Wulf Triebflügel interceptor. The B-2 uses a flying wing design for high lift efficiency. The Concorde's delta wing and slim fuselage allow for supersonic flight. The An-225 has a large wing area and 6 engines for heavy cargo loads. The Su-47 has forward-swept wings for increased maneuverability. The Focke-Wulf uses adjustable rotor blades and tailplanes for vertical take-off and landing as an interceptor
The document summarizes a polygon oscillating piston engine invention. The engine uses multiple pistons arranged around the sides of a polygon within cylinders. As the pistons oscillate, they compress and combust air-fuel mixtures to produce power. This design achieves a very high power-to-weight ratio of up to 2 hp per pound. Engineering analysis and design of a prototype 6-sided engine is presented, showing it can produce 168 hp from a 353 cubic feet per minute air flow at 12,960 rpm. The invention overcomes issues with prior oscillating piston designs by keeping the pistons moving in straight lines within cylinders using conventional piston rings.
Bell 212 training helicopter, united kingdomhindujudaic
The Bell 212 is a military utility helicopter operated by the UK Army Air Corps. It is a variant of the Bell UH-1 family built by Bell Helicopter Textron. The twin-engine Bell 212 has a length of 15.5m, width of 14.6m, and height of 3.9m, and can carry substantial loads in hot environments. It is powered by two Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6T-3 turboshaft engines that can produce a total of 1,342kW of power. The Bell 212 has a maximum speed of 130kt, service ceiling of 17,400ft, and range of 250nm.
The document discusses options for modifying the MC-27L aircraft to enable it to land on water. It proposes adding floats, skis, or tracked landing gear to reduce the need for prepared runways. Floats would allow water landings but reduce speed and range. Skis would have less impact on performance but the rear ramp could not open. Tracked landing gear could distribute the aircraft's weight and allow it to land virtually anywhere, including rough terrain, snow, or grassy fields. This would give special operations forces more flexible deployment options compared to traditional aircraft or tiltrotors like the V-22.
The document discusses options for modifying the MC-27L aircraft to enable it to land on water. It proposes adding floats, skis, or tracked landing gear to reduce the need for prepared runways. Floats would allow water landings but reduce speed and range. Skis would have less impact on performance but the rear ramp could not open. Tracked landing gear could distribute the aircraft's weight and allow it to land virtually anywhere, including rough terrain, snow, or grassy fields. This would give special operations forces more flexible deployment options compared to traditional aircraft or tiltrotors like the V-22.
This document discusses the use of magnesium alloys in aerospace applications, past concerns, and current solutions. It provides historical examples of magnesium alloy use in aircraft from 1943-1957. Past concerns included corrosion, but new corrosion resistant alloys have been developed like Elektron 21 and WE43. These alloys are now used in a variety of aircraft components and applications. Testing has shown these alloys have improved corrosion resistance and elevated temperature properties over older alloys. They also have better flame resistance and are less likely to ignite than other alloys like AZ91. Overall, new magnesium alloys are enabling greater use of the material in both aerospace and automotive applications.
The document compares 4th generation fighters the F-15 and Su-27. It notes that the Su-27 was intended to surpass the F-15 in overall capability with improvements like 10% larger dimensions and engines for greater thrust. The Su-27 also has a more optimized cross-section and internal fuel capacity for comparable range to rivals using external tanks. Both fighters improved maneuverability over previous generations with innovations like larger wings, more powerful engines, and advanced flight control systems.
Complete vehicle brochure for the 2011 GMC Sierra HD. Includes complete vehicle specifications, color options, and available models and options.
Visit Bob Hastings Buick GMC in Rochester, NY to view our available inventory of the 2011 GMC Sierra HD, or visit our online showroom at www.bobhastings.com.
Fighter Performance in Practice: F-4 Phantom vs MiG-21mishanbgd
Book Reviews -
If you want to know who really has the better performance F-4 or MiG-21, who is more maneuverable or faster, you can find it only in this book based on official aircraft manuals.
Who is faster or more agile operationaly and who is on paper can be seen only in this book.
I'm working like performance test engineer for Airbus, after work for Lockheed Martin.
I congratulate you for your book. It's good and specially there are not another book like this in the market.
What I read is very good, with precision, you have focused in a good point of view of analysis. I would like to be so good as you to compare 2 aircraft !!! )
It's really a good job.
I hope 2012. will be the year when you will offer a new and excellent publication about aircraft !! )
Whiskey Golf
Mig-21and fighter maneuverability in today's termsmishanbgd
The document discusses maneuverability testing of the MiG-21 fighter jet. It describes how US evaluations found the MiG-21 could maintain controllability and turn performance at much lower speeds and higher angles of attack than indicated in Soviet manuals. Even highly maneuverable jets like the F-15 struggled in dogfights against the MiG-21 at low speeds. The document analyzes aerodynamic characteristics that gave the MiG-21 excellent low-speed maneuverability, such as a delta wing design and stability at high angles of attack.
The Airbus A-310 was developed as a shorter-fuselage version of the A-300 to allow it to operate on routes with lower passenger capacity needs. It featured a 12-frame shorter fuselage than the A-300 for 245 passengers. The wing design was modified from the A-300 with a smaller span and area, reducing weight by over 3 tons. Initial orders came from launch customers Lufthansa, Swissair, and KLM who were interested in its shorter range capabilities and lower operating costs relative to larger aircraft.
This document provides an overview of a group project on the Boeing 737-800 aircraft. The group members are listed and the due date is January 21, 2016. The report contains details on the history, design, and aspects of the 737-800, including mass and center of gravity, engines, fuselage, undercarriage, wings, and tail. Simulations were conducted using a flight simulator to analyze changes made to aspects like wing dihedral angle and sweep. It was concluded that the ideal wing dihedral is 60 degrees and the current wing sweep of 25.02 degrees is sufficient, though a higher sweep could allow for higher speeds.
The document describes the design of an afterburning low bypass turbofan engine to replace the General Electric J85 engine used on the Northrop Grumman T-38 Talon jet trainer. Initial values were obtained through parametric analysis in AEDsys ONX. A low bypass twin spool compressor with 3 fan stages and 5 high pressure compressor stages was selected. Additional components including the combustion chamber, turbines, and convergent-divergent nozzle were designed. The final engine design met the criteria of reduced thrust specific fuel consumption and weight while maintaining required thrust.
The document summarizes the CASA/IPTN CN-235 maritime patrol aircraft. It describes the CN-235 as a medium-range twin-engined plane developed jointly by Spanish and Indonesian manufacturers that is used for maritime patrol, surveillance, and air transport by several countries including Spain, Ireland, Turkey, Indonesia, Brunei and UAE. It provides details on variants of the CN-235 that include changes to engines, structures, and avionics. The document also specifies the aircraft's design features, such as its two turboprop engines, propellers, and navigation systems, as well as its general specifications and performance characteristics.
Comparative Assessment of Two Thermodynamic Cycles of an aero-derivative Mari...IOSR Journals
Abstract: This paper explores the gas turbine potentials that are fully enhanced by the use of intercooling and
thermal recuperation as an engineering option available in the design of gas turbines and offered for marine
applications. It examines the off-design performance of two different cycle designs of a 25MW aero-derivative
engine by modelling and simulating each of them to operate under conditions other than those of their design
point. The simple cycle model consists of a single-spool dual shaft layout while the advanced model is
represented by an intercooled-recuperated cycle that runs on a dual-spool and is driven through a three shaft
configuration. In each case, the output shaft is coupled to a power turbine through which the propulsion power
may be transmitted to the propeller of the vessel to operate in a virtual marine environment. An off-design
performance simulation of both engines has been conducted in order to investigate and compare the effect of
ambient temperature variation during their part-load operation and particularly when subjected to a variety of
marine operating conditions. The study assesses the techno-economic impact of the complex design of the
advanced cycle over its simple cycle counterpart and demonstrates its potential for improved operating cost
through reduced fuel consumption as a significant step in the current drive for establishing the marine gas
turbine engine as a viable alternative to traditional prime movers in the ship propulsion industry.
This PPT is about Airplanes .
This PPT is useful for school students for their projects.
If you want any video to this PPT, create new slide and add a video related to airplanes.
This document presents the conceptual design of a 100-passenger regional jet aircraft intended to meet current regulations while offering improved fuel efficiency over competitors. The design was optimized using modeling tools to carry 99 passengers 500 nautical miles on 31.4 pounds of fuel per seat. Key aspects of the design include a cruise altitude of 41,000 feet and speed of Mach 0.87. The document describes the aircraft design process and tools used.
This document provides an overview of the history and technology of foil air/gas bearings for turbomachinery applications. It discusses how foil bearings have improved reliability over the past 25 years for machines like aircraft air cycle machines. It describes different types of foil bearing designs, including journal and thrust bearings, and highlights advantages like high reliability, no scheduled maintenance, ability to operate at high and low temperatures, and compatibility with different process fluids. The document traces the development of foil bearing technology by companies like AiResearch, Hamilton Standard, and MTI over several decades and in various aircraft and military applications.
Design, Development, and Fabrication of a Mini-HovercraftIRJET Journal
The document describes the design, development, and fabrication of a mini-hovercraft. Key aspects include:
1) A hovercraft prototype was designed to carry up to 130kg at moderate speeds on land and water with high stability. It uses a single engine for both lift and thrust via a duct system.
2) The hull was designed using a half-Rankine body shape to reduce drag. It was fabricated from plywood and polystyrene sheets.
3) Testing showed the prototype could travel as intended with further improvements possible to the air distribution system and propeller design.
An upgraded copy of Aeronautical Vestpocket Handbook (United Technologies Pratt & Whitney, 22nd Edition, Sep 1991). OCRed to be searchable and complete with bookmarks and links.
Design your flight 2013 guru gobind singh indraprastha university-team leo (2)Ishmeet Sachdeva
The document summarizes the design process for an aircraft. It describes how various design options were analyzed using software before selecting a monoplane design with a NACA 2417 airfoil made of balsa wood. Prototypes were constructed and tested before the final manufacturing process. Electrical components like motors and batteries were chosen based on calculations. Diagrams show the aircraft design, manufacturing steps, and analysis of components like the wings and landing gear to ensure the design meets requirements.
The document discusses the development of the Frigate Ecojet, a next-generation wide-body aircraft being developed in Russia. It aims to enter production in 2014-2016 with operational performance exceeding most advanced aircraft by 15-20%. A joint working group has been formed between Russian Aviation Consortium and United Aircraft Corporation to conduct research. Conceptual design studies show the aircraft could carry 300 passengers up to 3,500-4,000 km efficiently. Structural and aerodynamic analyses have been performed and prototype testing shows improved fuel efficiency and competitiveness compared to similar aircraft.
Blended Wing Body (BWB) - Future Of AviationAsim Ghatak
What is Blended Wing Body, History, Advantages And Disadvantages, Design and Structure, How airplanes Fly, Conventional airplanes vs. BWB, Future Scope And Challenges.
Blended Wing Body (BWB) - Future Of AviationAsim Ghatak
What Is Blended Wing Body, History of BWB, How Airplanes Fly, Aircraft Control Surfaces, Design and Structure of BWB, Advantages and Disadvantages, Conventional aircraft vs. BWB, Future Scope and Challenges
Ultra-compact VTOL aircraft- UVA for civil and military applicationsLiviu Giurca
The Ultra-compact VTOL aircraft- UVA is a design concept which explores a new lift system for Vertical Take-off and Landing (VTOL) Aircraft. It is based upon two thrust units with Ventury effect potentially creating a vehicle with no external moving parts, reduced vehicle aerodynamic losses compared to previous VTOL technologies and substantially creating an induced lift even in static or quasi-static conditions.
The document summarizes the methodology and design iterations used to develop a concept aircraft design that meets specific requirements of operating at 50,000 feet altitude and Mach 0.95 cruise speed while carrying 301 passengers over 4,500 nautical miles. The baseline design was a Boeing 777-200LR. Through testing different configurations in simulation software, the design evolved from reducing fuel capacity in Test 1 to lengthening the fuselage in Test 2.1 while adding additional engines to increase thrust. However, none of the iterations fully met all requirements.
The document discusses the history and design of compressed air engines. It provides details on the development of compressed air vehicles from the 19th century to present day, including early prototypes and modern designs. The engine design uses compressed air storage tanks and pistons to capture ambient heat and achieve efficient non-adiabatic expansion. Storage of compressed air poses challenges around cooling and heating during compression/expansion cycles.
The document presents a presentation on the aerodynamic and structural analysis of winglets using composite materials. It was presented by three students for their Bachelor of Technology degree in Aeronautical Engineering. The presentation introduces winglets, describes how they work to reduce drag, and analyzes lifting and drag forces with and without winglets using computational fluid dynamics. Key results showed an increase in lift and decrease in drag when winglets were added, improving aerodynamic efficiency.
The document provides information on various variants of the CFM56 turbofan engine family, including specifications, performances, and limitations. It discusses the CFM56-2, -3, -5A, -5C, -5B, and -7B models. The CFM56 engines power many commercial aircraft, including Boeing 737 and Airbus A320 family aircraft. Over 25,000 CFM56 engines have been delivered worldwide.
The document provides information about the DA42-VI aircraft, describing it as a high-performance twin-engine plane that has low operating costs and excellent cross-country performance. It notes key specifications like a maximum speed of 365 km/h, maximum altitude of 5,488 m, and fuel consumption of 39.4 liters per hour. The document highlights several improvements made to the DA42-VI compared to earlier models that have increased its speed, including redesigns to the propeller, cowling, wing fairings, rudder, and luggage compartment.
Zodiac Signs and Food Preferences_ What Your Sign Says About Your Tastemy Pandit
Know what your zodiac sign says about your taste in food! Explore how the 12 zodiac signs influence your culinary preferences with insights from MyPandit. Dive into astrology and flavors!
Best practices for project execution and deliveryCLIVE MINCHIN
A select set of project management best practices to keep your project on-track, on-cost and aligned to scope. Many firms have don't have the necessary skills, diligence, methods and oversight of their projects; this leads to slippage, higher costs and longer timeframes. Often firms have a history of projects that simply failed to move the needle. These best practices will help your firm avoid these pitfalls but they require fortitude to apply.
Part 2 Deep Dive: Navigating the 2024 Slowdownjeffkluth1
Introduction
The global retail industry has weathered numerous storms, with the financial crisis of 2008 serving as a poignant reminder of the sector's resilience and adaptability. However, as we navigate the complex landscape of 2024, retailers face a unique set of challenges that demand innovative strategies and a fundamental shift in mindset. This white paper contrasts the impact of the 2008 recession on the retail sector with the current headwinds retailers are grappling with, while offering a comprehensive roadmap for success in this new paradigm.
Company Valuation webinar series - Tuesday, 4 June 2024FelixPerez547899
This session provided an update as to the latest valuation data in the UK and then delved into a discussion on the upcoming election and the impacts on valuation. We finished, as always with a Q&A
The Genesis of BriansClub.cm Famous Dark WEb PlatformSabaaSudozai
BriansClub.cm, a famous platform on the dark web, has become one of the most infamous carding marketplaces, specializing in the sale of stolen credit card data.
Building Your Employer Brand with Social MediaLuanWise
Presented at The Global HR Summit, 6th June 2024
In this keynote, Luan Wise will provide invaluable insights to elevate your employer brand on social media platforms including LinkedIn, Facebook, Instagram, X (formerly Twitter) and TikTok. You'll learn how compelling content can authentically showcase your company culture, values, and employee experiences to support your talent acquisition and retention objectives. Additionally, you'll understand the power of employee advocacy to amplify reach and engagement – helping to position your organization as an employer of choice in today's competitive talent landscape.
Taurus Zodiac Sign: Unveiling the Traits, Dates, and Horoscope Insights of th...my Pandit
Dive into the steadfast world of the Taurus Zodiac Sign. Discover the grounded, stable, and logical nature of Taurus individuals, and explore their key personality traits, important dates, and horoscope insights. Learn how the determination and patience of the Taurus sign make them the rock-steady achievers and anchors of the zodiac.
How are Lilac French Bulldogs Beauty Charming the World and Capturing Hearts....Lacey Max
“After being the most listed dog breed in the United States for 31
years in a row, the Labrador Retriever has dropped to second place
in the American Kennel Club's annual survey of the country's most
popular canines. The French Bulldog is the new top dog in the
United States as of 2022. The stylish puppy has ascended the
rankings in rapid time despite having health concerns and limited
color choices.”
Navigating the world of forex trading can be challenging, especially for beginners. To help you make an informed decision, we have comprehensively compared the best forex brokers in India for 2024. This article, reviewed by Top Forex Brokers Review, will cover featured award winners, the best forex brokers, featured offers, the best copy trading platforms, the best forex brokers for beginners, the best MetaTrader brokers, and recently updated reviews. We will focus on FP Markets, Black Bull, EightCap, IC Markets, and Octa.
[To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
This presentation is a curated compilation of PowerPoint diagrams and templates designed to illustrate 20 different digital transformation frameworks and models. These frameworks are based on recent industry trends and best practices, ensuring that the content remains relevant and up-to-date.
Key highlights include Microsoft's Digital Transformation Framework, which focuses on driving innovation and efficiency, and McKinsey's Ten Guiding Principles, which provide strategic insights for successful digital transformation. Additionally, Forrester's framework emphasizes enhancing customer experiences and modernizing IT infrastructure, while IDC's MaturityScape helps assess and develop organizational digital maturity. MIT's framework explores cutting-edge strategies for achieving digital success.
These materials are perfect for enhancing your business or classroom presentations, offering visual aids to supplement your insights. Please note that while comprehensive, these slides are intended as supplementary resources and may not be complete for standalone instructional purposes.
Frameworks/Models included:
Microsoft’s Digital Transformation Framework
McKinsey’s Ten Guiding Principles of Digital Transformation
Forrester’s Digital Transformation Framework
IDC’s Digital Transformation MaturityScape
MIT’s Digital Transformation Framework
Gartner’s Digital Transformation Framework
Accenture’s Digital Strategy & Enterprise Frameworks
Deloitte’s Digital Industrial Transformation Framework
Capgemini’s Digital Transformation Framework
PwC’s Digital Transformation Framework
Cisco’s Digital Transformation Framework
Cognizant’s Digital Transformation Framework
DXC Technology’s Digital Transformation Framework
The BCG Strategy Palette
McKinsey’s Digital Transformation Framework
Digital Transformation Compass
Four Levels of Digital Maturity
Design Thinking Framework
Business Model Canvas
Customer Journey Map
❼❷⓿❺❻❷❽❷❼❽ Dpboss Matka Result Satta Matka Guessing Satta Fix jodi Kalyan Final ank Satta Matka Dpbos Final ank Satta Matta Matka 143 Kalyan Matka Guessing Final Matka Final ank Today Matka 420 Satta Batta Satta 143 Kalyan Chart Main Bazar Chart vip Matka Guessing Dpboss 143 Guessing Kalyan night
At Techbox Square, in Singapore, we're not just creative web designers and developers, we're the driving force behind your brand identity. Contact us today.
SATTA MATKA SATTA FAST RESULT KALYAN TOP MATKA RESULT KALYAN SATTA MATKA FAST RESULT MILAN RATAN RAJDHANI MAIN BAZAR MATKA FAST TIPS RESULT MATKA CHART JODI CHART PANEL CHART FREE FIX GAME SATTAMATKA ! MATKA MOBI SATTA 143 spboss.in TOP NO1 RESULT FULL RATE MATKA ONLINE GAME PLAY BY APP SPBOSS
Anny Serafina Love - Letter of Recommendation by Kellen Harkins, MS.AnnySerafinaLove
This letter, written by Kellen Harkins, Course Director at Full Sail University, commends Anny Love's exemplary performance in the Video Sharing Platforms class. It highlights her dedication, willingness to challenge herself, and exceptional skills in production, editing, and marketing across various video platforms like YouTube, TikTok, and Instagram.
1. The Mcdonnell : Douglas MD-80
I
Fuselage stretchability, naturally incorporated in the fundamental DC-9 design, acquired
characterized its plan, resulting in four dimensionally divergent, higher-capacity versions, including
the initially-elongated DC-9-30 over the baseline series -10/14/15, the subsequent DC-9-40, and the
final DC-9-50, the latter accommodating forty nine more passengers as opposed to twin-jet's original
maximum.
The DC-9 themselves, founded upon the 4 design tenets associated with ruggedness, simplicity,
stability, and low-cost, was McDonnell-Douglas's best-selling professional aircraft-so much so, in
reality, that it took off as well as landed somewhere on the globe every seven just a few seconds,
serving more than 570 cities with some some,050 daily routes, and by 1979, your collective fleet
acquired carried more than one billion dollars passengers and drenched more than 18 thousand
hours with an nearly 99-percent dispatch stability rate.
Its Pratt and Whitney JT8D engine, the most popular powerplant and numbering in excess of 12,500
units, had not only provided propulsive thrust for all versions of the DC-9, but had also powered the
particular Boeing 727, the Sud-Aviation SE.210 Super Caravelle, the Boeing 737, and also the
Dassault-Breguet Mercure 100.
Both the DC-9's basic design and its JT8D turbofan therefore offered the most the best possible, cost-
effective platform where to base any larger-capacity successor, which in turn needed to equal your
DC-9-30's range capacity, yet exceed the particular DC-9-50's economics.
Its fuselage, not having achieved its limit involving stretchability, lent by itself to still higher-capacity
accommodation, but its obstacle had been a powerplant of sufficient forced to maintain acceptable
payload, range, and performance guidelines for its operators.
Based upon the earlier, two-stage JT3D, which had run both the 707 along with the DC-8, the JT8D,
a low, one-to-one sidestep ratio turbofan, got first run on the spring 7, 1961, using to the skies the first
time on May one of the following year installed to a 707. Getting FAA certification last month 9, 1963,
since the 14,000 thrust-pound JT8D-1, it had powered the 727-100 before being employed from the
DC-9-10 and ended up being subsequently offered in many successively higher-thrust variations, the
last of which had recently been the 17,500 thrust-pound JT8D-17R.
A new-generation variant, supplying application for an best DC-9 stretch as well as designated JT8D-
109, have been one of six exhibition powerplants incorporating more substantial, single-stage fans
created for NASA's quiet Engine Program, which in fact had run between 1972 and 1975, and a
couple of its versions experienced logged more than 50 hours retrofitted with a modified DC-9-32.
Design and style of a further improvement, the 18,five-hundred thrust-pound JT8D-209, started in
1974 and first ran 2 yrs later, test flown on a McDonnell-Douglas superior Medium STOL
transportation (AMST) in 03 of 1977.
Although a new, supercritical wing had also initially been considered, your aircraft, intended for short-
to medium-range areas which entailed increased ratios of climb-and-descent to actual cruise trip
2. profiles, could not totally exploit such a new design, its advantages resultantly unable to make a case
for its higher improvement costs. The existing DC-9 wing, incorporating actual and tip exts and
modified high-lift devices, would provide the necessary performance, economy, as well as range
parameters.
Several initial iterations, largely based upon the DC-9-50 and all featuring fuselage stretches for
higher capacities, larger-area wings, and two refanned turbofans, had included the particular refan-
stretched DC-9-50RS, the actual refan-super stretched DC-9-50RSS, the DC-9-55, along with the
DC-9-60, while any DC-9QSF, intended for japan operators as an NAMC YS-11 twin turboprop
replacement, mated a new DC-9-40 airframe together with two 18,500 thrust-pound JT8D-209 motors
and a two-foot bigger wing, enabling the 114,000-pound plane to operate from 4,000-foot runways
along with 120 passengers.
However, cost constraints and design complexities dictated a simpler, more straightforward version
which incorporated the longer fuselage, increased-area wings, and JT8D-209 turbofans, yet retained
cockpit commonality with all previous DC-9 variants. Skipping both the DC-9-60 and DC-9-70
sequences, the specified aircraft, designated DC-9-80-or DC-9 Super eighty, to more accurately
mirror the intended calendar year of service inauguration-had been launched on april 20, 1977 while
using receipt of twenty-seven firm and 13 optioned orders from Swissair, Austrian airlines, and
Southern air passages, along with a letter of intent from LAV Lineas Aeropostal Venezolanas, all of
which had been past DC-9 operators. Imagined as a higher-capacity accentuate to its DC-9 airframe
and a replacement higher-cost tri-jets, this intended to provide support in maturing marketplaces
whose environmental along with noise restrictions had precluded larger-capacity products
substitution, the plane offering a substantially smaller noise footprint, greater range as well as
capacity, and the cheapest seat-mile costs involving any comparable twin-jet.
According to then-President of the Douglas planes Company, John c. Brizendine, "In recent
years...we now have become acutely alert to the need to conserve electricity, to protect the
environment, also to produce more and more monetarily efficient aircraft. (the particular DC-9 Super
70 ) is specifically designed to fulfill the requirements of our industry for years to come. For instance,
environmental compatibility, electricity efficiency, economical procedure, and a spacious, comfortable
interior."
McDonnell-Douglas featured of the aircraft, "the particular DC-9 Super 80 is a blend of confirmed
design with accessible low-risk technology with regard to enhanced effectiveness, (but ) the
remarkable DC-9 reliability and lower functioning costs are managed."
Although it had been considering this earlier-generation double, it nevertheless released several
advanced capabilities.
A fuselage expand, attained by means of a good eight-frame plug onward of the wing along with a
single-frame insertion aft of it, resulted in any 147.10-foot overall length, increasing optimum capacity
to 172, or 33 over the DC-9-50 and also a staggering 82 more than the initial DC-9-10, and producing
the most massively stretched commercial airliner up to that time. The particular forward, left, and aft,
ventral, exits, both equipped with extendible airstairs, had been stored, but an aft, left servicing
3. doorway, located only ft from the engine, ended up introduced. Aeritalia involving Naples, Italy,
produced its fuselage sections.
A new, 10.6-foot center section and two-foot parallel-chord tip extensions, inducing the third
dimensionally divergent DC-9 wing, gave a 28-percent region, 57-percent fuel capability, and 11-
percent efficiency increase.
Measuring 107 feet, 10 1/4 inches, the airfoil, with a 24-degree mop back at their quarter chord, any
9.62 aspect ratio, three examples of dihedral, and a a single,239 square-foot region, had been
comprised of several per-wing precision-machined skin color panels which had already been
transformed from 15,000-pound ingots calibrating 60 inches broad, 15 inches long, and 30 ins thick
by the Reynolds Metal Company of McCook, Illinois.
The all-metal, two-spar framework, with riveted spanwise stringers, featured full-span, three-position
leading edge slats with a new, intermediate environment to decrease take off move and improve
climb performance at greater gross weights; bigger, doubled-slotted, trailing side flaps which included
67 percent with the span and decreased the aircraft's stalling speed; three spoiler panels, the exterior
two of which had been employable as the two flight and soil lift dumpers; and ailerons. All but rogues
were hydraulically actuated, while the ailerons on their own were manually run. An underwing vortillon
fence ensured appropriate airflow. Providing one particular,520 US gallons of additional fuel tankage,
it also offered a great increased-area main undercarriage bay.
The variable-incidence, electrically-actuated horizontal butt, spanning 40.only two feet, or 3.6 feet
more importantly of the DC-9-50, retained the design's characteristic t-tail configuration along with
sported assister tab-equipped elevators, while the straight fin, rendering a general aircraft height
associated with 30.2 feet, featured a hydraulically-actuated rudder. It had been a single.4 feet greater
than the DC-9-50's.
Its Pratt and Whitney JT8D-209 turbofan, mounted on either side of the aft fuselage and keeping the
original target-type push reversers, was based upon the core from the earlier JT8D-9, nevertheless
introduced a 49-inch wider fan as well as an advanced, low-pressure compressor, producing 18,five
hundred pounds of thrust along with an additional 700 pounds of automated power reserve (annual
percentage rates ), generated during engine-loss conditions. The larger-diameter, single-stage fan,
driving a larger mass involving hot core section-bypassing air, coupled with more effective hot and
cold exit duct intermixing air, and also increased sound assimilation material in its nacelle and
surrounding outer shell, yielded numerous advancements, inclusive of increased forced capability; a
higher bypass ratio-of 1:1.78 as opposed to the earlier JT8D's 1:one particular ; a lower exit speed ;
an 11-percent reduction in specific fuel intake ; and a significantly scaled-down noise footprint than
that of the medium-range tri-jets it had been intended to exchange.
Employing weight-reducing Kevlar-reinforced aluminum honeycomb stiffeners with graphite video
tape caps in the exterior barrel of its nasal area cowl and its top and two lower include doors, the
nacelle, 21.1 toes long, was four.5 feet extended than the JT8D-9's and so presented engineering
problems relative to its installation on the DC-9's, even if longer, body.
The DC-9 Super 50 retained the hydraulically-retractable, tricycle, dual-wheeled, Cleveland
4. Pneumatic undercarriage, installed with Goodyear wheels, tires, and dvd brakes; Hydro-Aire Mk IIIA
antiskid devices ; and Douglas ran air brake air conditioning. The nose tyre was steerable to 27
degrees either to side.
Although the Super 80 kept a common pilot type rating with the DC-9, it nevertheless provided
several cockpit improvements, including a digital and flight guidance control system designed by the
particular Sperry Flight devices Division of Sperry Rand Corporation, which usually integrated the
overall performance of seven trip control subsystems straight into two identical electronic digital
computers; cathode beam tube (CRT) exhibits ; a digital fuel quantity gauge system; a new dial-a-flap
system; as well as Category IIIA autoland capability of 50-foot choice height (DH) along with 700 feet
of runway visual range (RVR). A later introduced Electronic performance Management System
furnished automatic pitch along with thrust to effectuate optimum speed and also fuel burn throughout
the aircraft's climb, sail, and descent profiles.
The 101-foot-long, "broad look" cabin, highlighted a broad, contoured, as well as sculpted
acoustically-treated threshold which blended along with the enclosable expense storage
compartments; light weight aluminum sidewall panels attractive round the windows; fluorescent
lighting; a 19-inch aisle; and five-abreast, two-three or three-two, configured economy type seating,
which reduced by half the quantity of middle seats usually associated with six-abreast agreements.
Interior decor, that varied from traditional, business-oriented appointment to be able to bold patterns
and also bright colors, had been determined by the operator and custom-designed through
McDonnell-Douglas whose interior planning teams often produced trips to flight home countries so as
to absorb local traditions and customs after which it convert that experience into area- or country-
reflective motifs. Wool and wool synthetic mixes were standardly employed for seat covers and
carpets.
Class and seating configuration similarly varied according to driver. A 137-passenger, dual-class
arrangement, for instance, required 12 four-abreast high grade seats at a 38-inch pitch and one
hundred twenty five five-abreast economy school seats at a 34-inch pitch, while single-class densities
included 155 passengers at a 32/33-inch pitch, 167 charter seats at a 30-inch pitch, or a more 172
high-density passengers, the latter accommodatable with a single galley installment.
Interior noise lessening was attained through an insulating umbrella of fabric-reinforced Mylar over
fiberglass.
The elongated DC-9 launched a new pressurization along with air circulation system, that replaced
cabin atmosphere at greater frequencies, and its potable water system featured in-line heaters in all
of their water lines. The increased-capacity auxiliary power unit (APU) ran its environmental handle
system on the ground.
The aircraft's longer fuselage significantly increased their lower-deck baggage and also cargo
compartment amount, whose forward, center, and aft contains respectively encompassed 434, 376,
and 443 cubic feet.
The DC-9-80 retained 80 % of the DC-9-50's important maintenance features.
Like all of its previous, shorter-fuselage predecessors, the actual aircraft had been designed for short-
5. sector, rapid-turnaround, self-sufficient operations from quick, limited-facility airfields, having its
increased thrust, larger-area wings, self-contained airstairs, auxiliary power system for environmental
health and fitness and engine starts, low-to-ground profile to facilitate servicing, packing, and
maintenance, as well as ability to operate two or more sectors without the need pertaining to
refueling. Most turnarounds required little more than suitcase carts.
With the maximum structural payload of 40,112 pounds, the DC-9-81, as designated in its initial
variant, stood a 147,000-pound major weight, although this ended up later increased for you to
149,500 lbs with uprated applications, and a maximum clinching weight of 128,000 pounds. The
normal and greatest cruise speeds have been, respectively, Mach 0.76 and 3.80. Range, using 155
single-class people and domestic supplies, was 1,564 nautical miles.
Piloted by Douglas main Engineering Pilot they would. H. "Knick" Knickerbocker, Project Pilot john P.
Laine, along with Flight Test engineer Virginia "Ginny" the. Claire, the first DC-9 Super 80 as well as
the 909th twin-jet to roll off the lengthy Beach assembly series, made its first flight from long Beach
Municipal Airport's Runway 30 in October 18, 1979 with call sign DACO 80-for "Douglas Aircraft
Company 80."
Following a 25-mile circular, overwater routine, the long, slender-fuselage aircraft, accommodating
tough luck,100 pounds associated with test equipment, completed a successful two-hour, 50-minute
basic-maneuvers test sortie before landing in McDonnell-Douglas's Flight surgical procedures Facility
in Yuma, Arizona, where the primary Engineering Pilot came to the conclusion, "The ground handling
of the Super 80 will be even better than the additional DC-9s. It also felt quite stable in flight...The
new engines ended up faultless, and the invert thrust was extremely effective on landing...i really
believe the Super 80 is a great airplane and will live up to all our anticipations."
The 1,085-hour, $36 million, three-aircraft flight test software, which entailed 1st flights of prototype
N1002G on 12, 6, 1979 along with N1002W on February twenty nine, 1980, led to faa certification
seven several weeks later, on july 26, under the amendment to the DC-9's original type qualification.
First delivered to release customer Swissair in September 12, which in fact had operated earlier DC-
9-15, -30, and -50 series, it was inaugurated into scheduled support on October five from Zurich in
order to Frankfurt, becoming the actual quietest commercial pure-jet. Co-launch customer Austrian
Airlines, which had just as operated a fleet of DC-9-30s and -50s, inaugurated its very first revenue
service a three week period later, on april 26, from Vienna to Zurich.
In order to adopt the particular McDonnell-Douglas designation scheme, the DC-9-80, as well as DC-
9 Super 80, was rebranded the particular "MD-80" in 1983, its initial version dubbed "MD-81."
II
Development of the baseline Pratt and Whitney JT8D-209 engine, resulting in the uprated, 20,000
thrust-pound -217, augmented further versions, the origin which had been the nineteen seventy nine
requirement for a short take off and landing (STOL) aircraft to operate inside the Japanese domestic
market. A then-projected time, designated DC-9 extremely 80SF, would have mated the DC-9-40's
fuselage with the DC-9-80's mentorship and engines, however the higher-thrust JT8D-217, placed on
existing fuselage proportions, would have provided a lot of the desired performance. Resultantly, a
6. second variant, selected MD-82 and very first announced on apr 16, 1979, featured the uprated,
30,000 thrust-pound turbofans with 850 lbs of automatic energy reserve, a 44,024-pound payload,
and also a 2,050-mile variety with 155 travellers. First flying in January 8, 1981, it received its FAA
type certification six months later, on July 31, with an initial 147,000-pound maximum take off fat,
although the 1982 selection of JT8D-217A motors further increased this specific to 149,five hundred
pounds, resulting in still-higher payload and selection capabilities.
Republic air carriers, the July 1, 1978 amalgamation of North Central and also Southern Airways,
have been the version's start customer, having been the world's largest DC-9 agent with series -10s, -
30s, and -50s, to which its eight MD-82s were sooner or later added.
The alternative had been involved in a pair of unique programs. The 1st of these, occurring inside
October of the early 80's, entailed the modern lease of 30 MD-82s to u. S. Airlines, for which
McDonnell-Douglas agreed to bear the maintenance and training fees. This let for the February 1984
purchase of 67 aircraft, at attractive prices with low cancellation penalties, to be delivered in blocks of
five to 25 airframes, each block that had been confirmable 24 months before the targeted shipping
date. Becoming the mainstay of American's short- to medium-range fleet to assist in hub connections
within Chicago and dallas, the aircraft, constructed for 142 very first and economy class passengers,
ultimately figures 234, the world's most significant, single-type total not in the former USSR.
The second innovative transaction occurred on 04 12, 1985, when the Shanghai Aviation professional
Corporation agreed to license-build 25 MD-82s in the People's Republic associated with China.
An extended-range successor, designated MD-83 and first announced on January thirty one, 1982,
introduced nonetheless higher-rated engines. Your JT8D-219, rated at 21,000 pounds regarding
thrust, featured any redesigned low-pressure generator, a new high-pressure turbine,
aerodynamically improved airfoils, a five-percent rise in thrust, and a two-percent reduction in fuel
burn.
First flying about December 17, 1984, the twin-jet, having a 160,000-pound maximum take off weight,
offered a 2,502-nautical kilometer range, attained with 1,160 people gallons of additional, decrease
deck hold-installed extra fuel tanks. Finnair, which had operated your DC-9-14/15, -40, and also -50,
served since the version's launch buyer, operating the best, nonstop MD-80 airline flight on
November 14, 1985, when that covered the 3,406-mile distance between Montreal and Helsinki within
seven hours, twenty six minutes. Transwede, regarding Sweden, inaugurated the very first revenue-
earning trans-Atlantic airline flight from Stockholm for you to Ft. Lauderdale using intermediate stops
in Oslo and gander.
In order to offer a lower-capacity counterpart considerably better to reduced-demand sectors, and to
more effectively tackle the 737-300 Boeing designed for this market, McDonnell-Douglas offered the
first, and only, dimensionally-divergent variant, the particular MD-87, which had evolved from its
earlier, DC-9 Super XX research for a 100- for you to 120-passenger aircraft run either by Pratt and
Whitney JT8D-200 series or CFM International CFM56-3 turbofans and offering a new 110,000- to
120,000-pound yucky weight. The version, with a 16.5-foot shorter fuselage, presented a new, 130.5-
foot overall length and had a 38,726-pound maximum payload, or same as the DC-9-50's.
7. Because of the reduced moment-arm of the quicker fuselage, vertical axis control required the larger-
area, ten-inch taller fin, visible from the extension above its traditional t-tail mating point and
producing a new, 31.2-foot overall height. What's more, it introduced low-drag flap hinges and
fairings, a fillet fairing between the fuselage as well as the engine pylon, along with a reduced-drag,
blade-shaped tailcone.
Initially powered through the 20,000 thrust-pound JT8D-217B, but later retrofitted with the reduced
fuel consumption -217C version, the MD-87 had a 2,372-nautical mile range along with 130
passengers and domestic reserves, although additional, MD-83 kind fuel tankage inside the lower
holds increased this to 2,833 miles.
First using to the skies about December 4, 1986, it received the FAA type certificate on October 21 of
the following 12 months, and was inaugurated into service about December 17 with Austrian Airlines
through Vienna to Zagreb.
The last, and a lot advanced, of the several versions, the MD-88, reintroduced the original fuselage
dimensions and had been announced on jan 23, 1986 after launch customer Delta Air Lines inserted
an initial order to be able to 80 of the variety. Offered with 21 years of age,000 thrust-pound JT8D-
219 turbofans, the version, most closely good MD-82, featured improved composite material to
relieve structure weight, a whole new passenger cabin having a wider aisle and modernized overhead
hard drive compartments, and an advanced, glass cockpit, the second comprised of an electronic
flight instrument system (EFIS), a flight management method (FMS), and the inertial reference
system (IRS). It kept the MD-87's blade-shaped tailcone.
First traveling on August fifteen, 1987 and FAA-certified four months afterwards December 9, the
particular MD-88 entered timetabled service with Delta on January five, or just over 25 years after it
had operated earth's first passenger-carrying service with the -14 sequence on December 7, 1965. It
got also operated your stretched DC-9-30 and the MD-82.
III
The 1,000th MD-80 had been delivered in March 29, 92, and by December associated with 1997, 1,a
hundred and fifty of the type have been in service with 62 worldwide airlines. The style, partially
succeeded by simply its advanced, re-engined MD-90 counterpart and also Boeing's own following
Generation 737 family after that manufacturer's acquisition of McDonnell-Douglas, nevertheless
became its best-selling pure-jet commercial airliner, exceeding sales of the DC-8, the Super DC-8,
the DC-9 themselves, the DC-10, the particular MD-11, the MD-90, and the MD-95/717, the past
delivery of which acquired occurred on 12, 21, 1999, when an MD-83 ended up handed over to TWA,
ending two decades regarding production. Combined with the 976 sales of the initial, short-fuselage
DC-9, it became the third best-selling twin-jet after Boeing's 737 and Airbus Industrie's A-320 loved
ones, with a collective two,167 airframes previously being built.
Best portable air compressor