This document provides an overview of the history and technology of foil air/gas bearings for turbomachinery applications. It discusses how foil bearings have improved reliability over the past 25 years for machines like aircraft air cycle machines. It describes different types of foil bearing designs, including journal and thrust bearings, and highlights advantages like high reliability, no scheduled maintenance, ability to operate at high and low temperatures, and compatibility with different process fluids. The document traces the development of foil bearing technology by companies like AiResearch, Hamilton Standard, and MTI over several decades and in various aircraft and military applications.
This document provides an overview of a group project on the Boeing 737-800 aircraft. The group members are listed and the due date is January 21, 2016. The report contains details on the history, design, and aspects of the 737-800, including mass and center of gravity, engines, fuselage, undercarriage, wings, and tail. Simulations were conducted using a flight simulator to analyze changes made to aspects like wing dihedral angle and sweep. It was concluded that the ideal wing dihedral is 60 degrees and the current wing sweep of 25.02 degrees is sufficient, though a higher sweep could allow for higher speeds.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on landing gear arrangement analysis. It discusses different landing gear configurations, including tricycle and taildragger arrangements. It also examines factors like landing gear height, steering systems, shock absorbers, and case studies of the Cessna 172, Boeing 757, and F-14 Tomcat. The conclusion compares the shock absorber stroke lengths between these aircraft, finding that the Cessna 172 has the shortest at 0.21 meters while the F-14 Tomcat has the longest at 0.55 meters due to its higher design landing speeds.
A Brief Study, Research, Design, Analysis on Multi Section Variable Camber WingIJERA Editor
Minimizing fuel consumption is one of the major concerns in the aviation industry. In the past decade, there
have been many attempts to improve the fuel efficiency of aircraft. One of the methods proposed is to vary the
lift-to-drag ratio of the aircraft in different flight conditions. To achieve this, the wing of the airplane must be
able to change its configuration during flight, corresponding to different flight regimes.In the research presented
in this thesis, the aerodynamic characteristics of a multisection, variable camber wing were investigated. The
model used in this research had a 160mm chord and a 200mm wingspan, with the ribs divided into 4 sections.
Each section was able to rotate approximately 5 degrees without causing significant discontinuity on the wing
surface. Two pneumatic actuators located at the main spar were used to morph the wing through mechanical
linkages. The multi-section variable camber wing model could provide up to 10 percent change in camber from
the baseline configuration, which had a NACA0015 section.The wing was tested in the free-jet wind tunnel at
three different Reynolds numbers: 322000, 48000, and 636000. Static tests were performed to obtain lift and
drag data for different configurations. Two rigid wings in baseline and camber configuration were built and
tested to compare the test data with variable camber wing. The wind tunnel test results indicated that the multisection
variable camber wing provided a higher lift than the rigid wing in both configurations whereas high drag
was also generated on the variable camber wing due to friction drag on the wing skin. The larger drag value
appeared on variable camber wing in baseline configuration than in cambered configuration resulting in lower
lift-to-drag ratio as compared to the baseline rigid wing whereas the variable camber wing in cambered
configuration had higher lift-to-drag ratio than the cambered rigid wing.
A look into historical evolution of materials used for aircraft manufacturing by 5 aircraft manufacturers with consideration to material selection aspects of it.
The document analyzes the landing gear of the Fokker 100 commercial airplane. Traditional calculations are performed to determine the reaction forces at different points of the nose landing gear when subject to loads during landing. The landing gear is also analyzed using ANSYS software to observe deformations and compare results to theoretical calculations. This allows improvements to the landing gear design to optimize its performance.
The document presents a presentation on the aerodynamic and structural analysis of winglets using composite materials. It was presented by three students for their Bachelor of Technology degree in Aeronautical Engineering. The presentation introduces winglets, describes how they work to reduce drag, and analyzes lifting and drag forces with and without winglets using computational fluid dynamics. Key results showed an increase in lift and decrease in drag when winglets were added, improving aerodynamic efficiency.
The document discusses the major components of aircraft, including the fuselage, wings, empennage, landing gear, and power plant. It describes the construction and design of aircraft fuselages, including open truss, monocoque, and semi-monocoque structures. It also briefly discusses wings, the empennage, landing gear, and factors considered in aircraft component design like fatigue life and material selection.
Structural Weight Optimization of Aircraft Wing Component Using FEM Approach.IJERA Editor
One of the main challenges for the civil aviation industry is the reduction of its environmental impact by better fuel efficiency by virtue of Structural optimization. Over the past years, improvements in performance and fuel efficiency have been achieved by simplifying the design of the structural components and usage of composite materials to reduce the overall weight of the structure. This paper deals with the weight optimization of transport aircraft with low wing configuration. The Linear static and Normal Mode analysis were carried out using MSc Nastran & Msc Patran under different pressure conditions and the results were verified with the help of classical approach. The Stress and displacement results were found and verified and hence arrived to the conclusion about the optimization of the wing structure.
This document provides an overview of a group project on the Boeing 737-800 aircraft. The group members are listed and the due date is January 21, 2016. The report contains details on the history, design, and aspects of the 737-800, including mass and center of gravity, engines, fuselage, undercarriage, wings, and tail. Simulations were conducted using a flight simulator to analyze changes made to aspects like wing dihedral angle and sweep. It was concluded that the ideal wing dihedral is 60 degrees and the current wing sweep of 25.02 degrees is sufficient, though a higher sweep could allow for higher speeds.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on landing gear arrangement analysis. It discusses different landing gear configurations, including tricycle and taildragger arrangements. It also examines factors like landing gear height, steering systems, shock absorbers, and case studies of the Cessna 172, Boeing 757, and F-14 Tomcat. The conclusion compares the shock absorber stroke lengths between these aircraft, finding that the Cessna 172 has the shortest at 0.21 meters while the F-14 Tomcat has the longest at 0.55 meters due to its higher design landing speeds.
A Brief Study, Research, Design, Analysis on Multi Section Variable Camber WingIJERA Editor
Minimizing fuel consumption is one of the major concerns in the aviation industry. In the past decade, there
have been many attempts to improve the fuel efficiency of aircraft. One of the methods proposed is to vary the
lift-to-drag ratio of the aircraft in different flight conditions. To achieve this, the wing of the airplane must be
able to change its configuration during flight, corresponding to different flight regimes.In the research presented
in this thesis, the aerodynamic characteristics of a multisection, variable camber wing were investigated. The
model used in this research had a 160mm chord and a 200mm wingspan, with the ribs divided into 4 sections.
Each section was able to rotate approximately 5 degrees without causing significant discontinuity on the wing
surface. Two pneumatic actuators located at the main spar were used to morph the wing through mechanical
linkages. The multi-section variable camber wing model could provide up to 10 percent change in camber from
the baseline configuration, which had a NACA0015 section.The wing was tested in the free-jet wind tunnel at
three different Reynolds numbers: 322000, 48000, and 636000. Static tests were performed to obtain lift and
drag data for different configurations. Two rigid wings in baseline and camber configuration were built and
tested to compare the test data with variable camber wing. The wind tunnel test results indicated that the multisection
variable camber wing provided a higher lift than the rigid wing in both configurations whereas high drag
was also generated on the variable camber wing due to friction drag on the wing skin. The larger drag value
appeared on variable camber wing in baseline configuration than in cambered configuration resulting in lower
lift-to-drag ratio as compared to the baseline rigid wing whereas the variable camber wing in cambered
configuration had higher lift-to-drag ratio than the cambered rigid wing.
A look into historical evolution of materials used for aircraft manufacturing by 5 aircraft manufacturers with consideration to material selection aspects of it.
The document analyzes the landing gear of the Fokker 100 commercial airplane. Traditional calculations are performed to determine the reaction forces at different points of the nose landing gear when subject to loads during landing. The landing gear is also analyzed using ANSYS software to observe deformations and compare results to theoretical calculations. This allows improvements to the landing gear design to optimize its performance.
The document presents a presentation on the aerodynamic and structural analysis of winglets using composite materials. It was presented by three students for their Bachelor of Technology degree in Aeronautical Engineering. The presentation introduces winglets, describes how they work to reduce drag, and analyzes lifting and drag forces with and without winglets using computational fluid dynamics. Key results showed an increase in lift and decrease in drag when winglets were added, improving aerodynamic efficiency.
The document discusses the major components of aircraft, including the fuselage, wings, empennage, landing gear, and power plant. It describes the construction and design of aircraft fuselages, including open truss, monocoque, and semi-monocoque structures. It also briefly discusses wings, the empennage, landing gear, and factors considered in aircraft component design like fatigue life and material selection.
Structural Weight Optimization of Aircraft Wing Component Using FEM Approach.IJERA Editor
One of the main challenges for the civil aviation industry is the reduction of its environmental impact by better fuel efficiency by virtue of Structural optimization. Over the past years, improvements in performance and fuel efficiency have been achieved by simplifying the design of the structural components and usage of composite materials to reduce the overall weight of the structure. This paper deals with the weight optimization of transport aircraft with low wing configuration. The Linear static and Normal Mode analysis were carried out using MSc Nastran & Msc Patran under different pressure conditions and the results were verified with the help of classical approach. The Stress and displacement results were found and verified and hence arrived to the conclusion about the optimization of the wing structure.
Airport Hangars And Aircraft Maintenance OperationsMichael Bseliss
This document is a report submitted by a student named Michael Bseliss for their Bachelor of Technology degree in Aerospace Engineering. It discusses the history of airport hangars and different types of hangars used for aircraft maintenance and storage. It also covers various aircraft maintenance operations that take place in airport hangars and maintenance facilities. The report includes sections on the history of hangars, common hangar types like tee hangars and bessonneau hangars, and aircraft maintenance checks and maintenance, repair and overhaul operations. Diagrams and specifications of notable hangars are provided.
This document provides an overview of aviation turbine fuel, including:
1) It discusses the early history of jet propulsion and the development of turbine engines in the 1930s-1940s. Kerosine was initially used to fuel early turbine engines.
2) After WWII, the U.S. Air Force began using "wide-cut" fuel but later transitioned to kerosine-type fuel (JP-8) in the 1970s for better performance. Commercial aviation also uses kerosine-type fuels like Jet A and Jet A-1.
3) Jet fuel consumption in the U.S. has more than doubled over the past 25 years, growing from 32 million gallons per day in 1974
Bearing are machine element that allow components
to move with respect to each other. A little consideration will
shows that some part of power wasted in overcoming the
frictional resistance and due to the contact of surfaces large
amount of wear and tear takes place between the contacted
surfaces. Hence to avoid wear and tear in sliding contact
bearing and to reduce frictional resistance the thin layer of fluid
is introduced which is called as lubricant. Air bearing are
introduced to reduce such frictional resistance and wear of
sliding contact bearings. Air bearings are bearings that use a
thin film of pressurized air to provide low frictional load
bearing interfaces between surfaces. There is a small gap
between two surfaces i.e. two surfaces do not touch. As these
bearings are contact free various problems in traditional
bearing like friction, wear, particulates, and lubricant handling
are avoided. There are advantages like precision positioning,
such as lacking backlash and static friction as well as in high
speed application. Other than this characteristics, stability is
also important factor in air bearing.
- The document describes a Zonk Air Charters flight 330L that crashed on November 7, 2010 after departing Lake Tahoe Airport. The aircraft was a 1980 PA-31-310 with 1 pilot and 4 passengers onboard. All 5 people died in the crash.
- Investigation of the wreckage found evidence that the right engine was producing power on impact while the left engine was not running. The fuel line showed no integrity issues. Cockpit instruments were destroyed making the cause difficult to determine.
The document summarizes the history of Boeing and Airbus, describes several of their aircraft models, and analyzes the trend from aluminum to composite structures on the Boeing 787 and Airbus 380. It notes that Boeing established in 1916 and produced aircraft like the B-17 and B-29 during World War II. Airbus was established in 1970. The document then describes zones of aircraft structures and the materials typically used, including aluminum, composites, and corrosion treatment methods. It provides examples of accidents investigated by Boeing and analyzes Airbus' manufacturing process and composite usage on the A380.
Solution Manual Aircraft Propulsion and Gas Turbine Engines by Ahmed El-SayedPedroBernalFernandez
https://www.book4me.xyz/solution-manual-aircraft-propulsion-and-gas-turbine-engines-el-sayed/
Solution Manual (+ exam supplement) for Aircraft Propulsion and Gas Turbine Engines - 1st Edition
Author(s) : Ahmed F. El-Sayed
This product include both of Solution Manual and Instructor Manual for 1st edition's textbook. Solution manual and instructor manual have 647 and 237 pages respectively. They include all chapters of textbook (Chapters 1 to 16) .
Cessna developed a structural inspection program to ensure the continued safe operation of its single-engine airplanes. Visual inspections are used to detect corrosion and cracks caused by metal fatigue. Corrosion and metal fatigue inevitably reduce the load-carrying capability of aircraft structures over time. Thorough, frequent inspections are needed to maintain aircraft safety as they age. The inspection program aims to find issues before they become hazardous.
The document provides information about Pakistan International Airlines (PIA), including:
- PIA is the flag carrier of Pakistan with hubs in Karachi, Lahore, and Islamabad and operates domestic and international flights.
- PIA was formed in 1955 through the merger of existing airlines and opened the first international service from Karachi to London.
- PIA has achieved several milestones such as being one of the first Asian airlines to induct jet aircraft and the first non-communist airline to fly to China.
The document discusses the development and design of the supersonic Concorde aircraft. It describes how the British and French governments agreed in 1962 to jointly develop a supersonic transport. Two prototypes were built and the first flight occurred in 1969. Key design aspects included delta wings for stability at supersonic speeds, powerful jet engines, and a droopable nose for visibility during takeoff and landing. Concorde carried 100 passengers at twice the speed of sound but was retired in 2003 due to high costs and falling revenues.
The Airbus A380 is a double-deck, four-engine airliner developed by Airbus. It is the world's largest passenger airliner, with over 600 square meters of cabin space and seating for up to 853 passengers. The A380 development began in 2000 to fill a market need for a large ultra-high-capacity airliner. It conducted its maiden flight in 2005 and entered commercial service in 2007. The A380 has received orders from several major airlines due to its increased passenger and cargo capacity compared to other large airliners.
The Airbus A-310 was developed as a shorter-fuselage version of the A-300 to allow it to operate on routes with lower passenger capacity needs. It featured a 12-frame shorter fuselage than the A-300 for 245 passengers. The wing design was modified from the A-300 with a smaller span and area, reducing weight by over 3 tons. Initial orders came from launch customers Lufthansa, Swissair, and KLM who were interested in its shorter range capabilities and lower operating costs relative to larger aircraft.
In 2001 Euroavia Toulouse organized a symposium on ground effect. We invited most of the Russian and German actors, and some experts from Holland, UK or France for a week of science around the subject of ekranoplans / flying boats. This was dedicated to students. A book was issued... and now that all copies have been sold for a while I am sharing this on LinkedIn for everyone.
Enjoy.
Stéphan AUBIN
The document provides information about various Airbus aircraft models from the A300 launched in 1974 to the A380 launched in 2007. It describes the key features and technologies of each aircraft model, including seating configurations, cabin amenities, and flight deck innovations. It also discusses the advantages and disadvantages faced by the aviation industry.
Development of a Integrated Air Cushioned Vehicle (Hovercraft)IJMER
1) The document describes the development of an integrated air cushion vehicle (hovercraft) prototype. It details the design of major components like the hull, skirt, air box, engine assembly, and integrated lift and thrust system using one propeller.
2) Calculations are shown for determining the required air volume, pressures, and component sizes based on the hovercraft's weight and dimensions. A suitable impeller is selected to provide the needed airflow and pressure.
3) Fabrication of the prototype from materials like plywood, polystyrene, and aluminum is described. Testing showed the hovercraft could lift and propel itself carrying 75kg at 70mm above the surface at near 20km/hr.
This document presents the conceptual design of a 100-passenger regional jet aircraft intended to meet current regulations while offering improved fuel efficiency over competitors. The design was optimized using modeling tools to carry 99 passengers 500 nautical miles on 31.4 pounds of fuel per seat. Key aspects of the design include a cruise altitude of 41,000 feet and speed of Mach 0.87. The document describes the aircraft design process and tools used.
Non-math and physics question, but engineering orientated.Identify.pdfxlynettalampleyxc
Non-math and physics question, but engineering orientated.
Identify and discuss what you know are the significant milestones in materials used for
commercial aircraft since the end of the Second World War?
Include the manufacturing, maintenance and reliability aspects if relevant.
Limit your answer to three principal types of material.
Provide essay answers with a maximum of 500 words. Use current APA format for all
references. (minimum of 3 references) Thanks!
Solution
On December 17, 1903, Orville and Wilbur Wright capped four years of research and design
efforts with a 120-foot, 12-second flight at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina - the first powered flight
in a heavier-than-air machine. Prior to that, people had flown only in balloons and gliders. The
first person to fly as a passenger was Leon Delagrange, who rode with French pilot Henri
Farman from a meadow outside of Paris in 1908. Charles Furnas became the first American
airplane passenger when he flew with Orville Wright at Kitty Hawk later that year.
Aircraft Innovations
For the airlines to attract passengers away from the railroads, they needed both larger and faster
airplanes. They also needed safer airplanes. Accidents, such as the one in 1931 that killed Notre
Dame Football Coach Knute Rockne along with six others, kept people from flying
Aircraft manufacturers responded to the challenge. There were so many improvements to aircraft
in the 1930s that many believe it was the most innovative period in aviation history. Air-cooled
engines replaced water-cooled engines, reducing weight and making larger and faster planes
possible. Cockpit instruments also improved, with better altimeters, airspeed indicators, rate-of-
climb indicators, compasses, and the introduction of artificial horizon, which showed pilots the
attitude of the aircraft relative to the ground - important for flying in reduced visibility.
designers already knew that as an aircraft approaches the speed of sound (Mach 1), in the
transonic region, shock waves begin forming, causing a large increase in drag. Wings, already
thin, had to become thinner and finer. Fineness is a measure of how thin the wing is compared to
its front-to-back chord. A small, highly loaded wing has less drag and so some early types used
this type, including the Bell X-1 rocket plane and the Lockheed F-104 Starfighter. But these craft
had high takeoff speeds, the Starfighter causing significant pilot deaths during takeoff, and small
wings fell out of use. An approach pioneered by German designers during the war was to sweep
the wing at an angle, delaying the buildup of shock waves. But this made the wing structure
longer and more flexible, making the aircraft more likely to suffer from bending or aeroelasticity
and even causing a reversal in the action of the flight controls. Stall behaviour of the swept wing
was also poorly understood and could be extremely sharp. Other problems included divergent
oscillations which could build up lethal forces. In re.
The Boeing 757 was developed to replace the 727 on existing routes. It featured a stretched fuselage to carry more passengers than the 727, along with more fuel-efficient turbofan engines. The initial 757-200 variant entered service in 1983 with Eastern Airlines and British Airways, powered by Rolls-Royce or Pratt & Whitney engines. Variants included a package freighter version for UPS and a military passenger version for the US Air Force.
This report discusses the materials used in manufacturing the Boeing 787 Dreamliner. It notes that the 787 uses composite materials for around half of its airframe, resulting in around a 20% weight savings compared to more conventional aluminum designs. It also discusses the benefits of using titanium and nano-coatings on engine components, allowing them to withstand higher temperatures and friction. The report concludes that advances in materials have allowed Boeing to develop airplanes that are more cost-effective and fuel efficient while maintaining environmental friendliness.
The document provides information about Frankfinn Institute Of Airhostess Training and a student's research project on the current aviation industry scenario. It discusses sources used like the aviation faculty, newspapers, magazines and the internet. It describes Airbus aircraft models from A300 to A380 and their features. It highlights the growth prospects of the Indian aviation sector and ongoing trends. The student gains knowledge about the industry through this research project.
This PPT is about Airplanes .
This PPT is useful for school students for their projects.
If you want any video to this PPT, create new slide and add a video related to airplanes.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
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Airport Hangars And Aircraft Maintenance OperationsMichael Bseliss
This document is a report submitted by a student named Michael Bseliss for their Bachelor of Technology degree in Aerospace Engineering. It discusses the history of airport hangars and different types of hangars used for aircraft maintenance and storage. It also covers various aircraft maintenance operations that take place in airport hangars and maintenance facilities. The report includes sections on the history of hangars, common hangar types like tee hangars and bessonneau hangars, and aircraft maintenance checks and maintenance, repair and overhaul operations. Diagrams and specifications of notable hangars are provided.
This document provides an overview of aviation turbine fuel, including:
1) It discusses the early history of jet propulsion and the development of turbine engines in the 1930s-1940s. Kerosine was initially used to fuel early turbine engines.
2) After WWII, the U.S. Air Force began using "wide-cut" fuel but later transitioned to kerosine-type fuel (JP-8) in the 1970s for better performance. Commercial aviation also uses kerosine-type fuels like Jet A and Jet A-1.
3) Jet fuel consumption in the U.S. has more than doubled over the past 25 years, growing from 32 million gallons per day in 1974
Bearing are machine element that allow components
to move with respect to each other. A little consideration will
shows that some part of power wasted in overcoming the
frictional resistance and due to the contact of surfaces large
amount of wear and tear takes place between the contacted
surfaces. Hence to avoid wear and tear in sliding contact
bearing and to reduce frictional resistance the thin layer of fluid
is introduced which is called as lubricant. Air bearing are
introduced to reduce such frictional resistance and wear of
sliding contact bearings. Air bearings are bearings that use a
thin film of pressurized air to provide low frictional load
bearing interfaces between surfaces. There is a small gap
between two surfaces i.e. two surfaces do not touch. As these
bearings are contact free various problems in traditional
bearing like friction, wear, particulates, and lubricant handling
are avoided. There are advantages like precision positioning,
such as lacking backlash and static friction as well as in high
speed application. Other than this characteristics, stability is
also important factor in air bearing.
- The document describes a Zonk Air Charters flight 330L that crashed on November 7, 2010 after departing Lake Tahoe Airport. The aircraft was a 1980 PA-31-310 with 1 pilot and 4 passengers onboard. All 5 people died in the crash.
- Investigation of the wreckage found evidence that the right engine was producing power on impact while the left engine was not running. The fuel line showed no integrity issues. Cockpit instruments were destroyed making the cause difficult to determine.
The document summarizes the history of Boeing and Airbus, describes several of their aircraft models, and analyzes the trend from aluminum to composite structures on the Boeing 787 and Airbus 380. It notes that Boeing established in 1916 and produced aircraft like the B-17 and B-29 during World War II. Airbus was established in 1970. The document then describes zones of aircraft structures and the materials typically used, including aluminum, composites, and corrosion treatment methods. It provides examples of accidents investigated by Boeing and analyzes Airbus' manufacturing process and composite usage on the A380.
Solution Manual Aircraft Propulsion and Gas Turbine Engines by Ahmed El-SayedPedroBernalFernandez
https://www.book4me.xyz/solution-manual-aircraft-propulsion-and-gas-turbine-engines-el-sayed/
Solution Manual (+ exam supplement) for Aircraft Propulsion and Gas Turbine Engines - 1st Edition
Author(s) : Ahmed F. El-Sayed
This product include both of Solution Manual and Instructor Manual for 1st edition's textbook. Solution manual and instructor manual have 647 and 237 pages respectively. They include all chapters of textbook (Chapters 1 to 16) .
Cessna developed a structural inspection program to ensure the continued safe operation of its single-engine airplanes. Visual inspections are used to detect corrosion and cracks caused by metal fatigue. Corrosion and metal fatigue inevitably reduce the load-carrying capability of aircraft structures over time. Thorough, frequent inspections are needed to maintain aircraft safety as they age. The inspection program aims to find issues before they become hazardous.
The document provides information about Pakistan International Airlines (PIA), including:
- PIA is the flag carrier of Pakistan with hubs in Karachi, Lahore, and Islamabad and operates domestic and international flights.
- PIA was formed in 1955 through the merger of existing airlines and opened the first international service from Karachi to London.
- PIA has achieved several milestones such as being one of the first Asian airlines to induct jet aircraft and the first non-communist airline to fly to China.
The document discusses the development and design of the supersonic Concorde aircraft. It describes how the British and French governments agreed in 1962 to jointly develop a supersonic transport. Two prototypes were built and the first flight occurred in 1969. Key design aspects included delta wings for stability at supersonic speeds, powerful jet engines, and a droopable nose for visibility during takeoff and landing. Concorde carried 100 passengers at twice the speed of sound but was retired in 2003 due to high costs and falling revenues.
The Airbus A380 is a double-deck, four-engine airliner developed by Airbus. It is the world's largest passenger airliner, with over 600 square meters of cabin space and seating for up to 853 passengers. The A380 development began in 2000 to fill a market need for a large ultra-high-capacity airliner. It conducted its maiden flight in 2005 and entered commercial service in 2007. The A380 has received orders from several major airlines due to its increased passenger and cargo capacity compared to other large airliners.
The Airbus A-310 was developed as a shorter-fuselage version of the A-300 to allow it to operate on routes with lower passenger capacity needs. It featured a 12-frame shorter fuselage than the A-300 for 245 passengers. The wing design was modified from the A-300 with a smaller span and area, reducing weight by over 3 tons. Initial orders came from launch customers Lufthansa, Swissair, and KLM who were interested in its shorter range capabilities and lower operating costs relative to larger aircraft.
In 2001 Euroavia Toulouse organized a symposium on ground effect. We invited most of the Russian and German actors, and some experts from Holland, UK or France for a week of science around the subject of ekranoplans / flying boats. This was dedicated to students. A book was issued... and now that all copies have been sold for a while I am sharing this on LinkedIn for everyone.
Enjoy.
Stéphan AUBIN
The document provides information about various Airbus aircraft models from the A300 launched in 1974 to the A380 launched in 2007. It describes the key features and technologies of each aircraft model, including seating configurations, cabin amenities, and flight deck innovations. It also discusses the advantages and disadvantages faced by the aviation industry.
Development of a Integrated Air Cushioned Vehicle (Hovercraft)IJMER
1) The document describes the development of an integrated air cushion vehicle (hovercraft) prototype. It details the design of major components like the hull, skirt, air box, engine assembly, and integrated lift and thrust system using one propeller.
2) Calculations are shown for determining the required air volume, pressures, and component sizes based on the hovercraft's weight and dimensions. A suitable impeller is selected to provide the needed airflow and pressure.
3) Fabrication of the prototype from materials like plywood, polystyrene, and aluminum is described. Testing showed the hovercraft could lift and propel itself carrying 75kg at 70mm above the surface at near 20km/hr.
This document presents the conceptual design of a 100-passenger regional jet aircraft intended to meet current regulations while offering improved fuel efficiency over competitors. The design was optimized using modeling tools to carry 99 passengers 500 nautical miles on 31.4 pounds of fuel per seat. Key aspects of the design include a cruise altitude of 41,000 feet and speed of Mach 0.87. The document describes the aircraft design process and tools used.
Non-math and physics question, but engineering orientated.Identify.pdfxlynettalampleyxc
Non-math and physics question, but engineering orientated.
Identify and discuss what you know are the significant milestones in materials used for
commercial aircraft since the end of the Second World War?
Include the manufacturing, maintenance and reliability aspects if relevant.
Limit your answer to three principal types of material.
Provide essay answers with a maximum of 500 words. Use current APA format for all
references. (minimum of 3 references) Thanks!
Solution
On December 17, 1903, Orville and Wilbur Wright capped four years of research and design
efforts with a 120-foot, 12-second flight at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina - the first powered flight
in a heavier-than-air machine. Prior to that, people had flown only in balloons and gliders. The
first person to fly as a passenger was Leon Delagrange, who rode with French pilot Henri
Farman from a meadow outside of Paris in 1908. Charles Furnas became the first American
airplane passenger when he flew with Orville Wright at Kitty Hawk later that year.
Aircraft Innovations
For the airlines to attract passengers away from the railroads, they needed both larger and faster
airplanes. They also needed safer airplanes. Accidents, such as the one in 1931 that killed Notre
Dame Football Coach Knute Rockne along with six others, kept people from flying
Aircraft manufacturers responded to the challenge. There were so many improvements to aircraft
in the 1930s that many believe it was the most innovative period in aviation history. Air-cooled
engines replaced water-cooled engines, reducing weight and making larger and faster planes
possible. Cockpit instruments also improved, with better altimeters, airspeed indicators, rate-of-
climb indicators, compasses, and the introduction of artificial horizon, which showed pilots the
attitude of the aircraft relative to the ground - important for flying in reduced visibility.
designers already knew that as an aircraft approaches the speed of sound (Mach 1), in the
transonic region, shock waves begin forming, causing a large increase in drag. Wings, already
thin, had to become thinner and finer. Fineness is a measure of how thin the wing is compared to
its front-to-back chord. A small, highly loaded wing has less drag and so some early types used
this type, including the Bell X-1 rocket plane and the Lockheed F-104 Starfighter. But these craft
had high takeoff speeds, the Starfighter causing significant pilot deaths during takeoff, and small
wings fell out of use. An approach pioneered by German designers during the war was to sweep
the wing at an angle, delaying the buildup of shock waves. But this made the wing structure
longer and more flexible, making the aircraft more likely to suffer from bending or aeroelasticity
and even causing a reversal in the action of the flight controls. Stall behaviour of the swept wing
was also poorly understood and could be extremely sharp. Other problems included divergent
oscillations which could build up lethal forces. In re.
The Boeing 757 was developed to replace the 727 on existing routes. It featured a stretched fuselage to carry more passengers than the 727, along with more fuel-efficient turbofan engines. The initial 757-200 variant entered service in 1983 with Eastern Airlines and British Airways, powered by Rolls-Royce or Pratt & Whitney engines. Variants included a package freighter version for UPS and a military passenger version for the US Air Force.
This report discusses the materials used in manufacturing the Boeing 787 Dreamliner. It notes that the 787 uses composite materials for around half of its airframe, resulting in around a 20% weight savings compared to more conventional aluminum designs. It also discusses the benefits of using titanium and nano-coatings on engine components, allowing them to withstand higher temperatures and friction. The report concludes that advances in materials have allowed Boeing to develop airplanes that are more cost-effective and fuel efficient while maintaining environmental friendliness.
The document provides information about Frankfinn Institute Of Airhostess Training and a student's research project on the current aviation industry scenario. It discusses sources used like the aviation faculty, newspapers, magazines and the internet. It describes Airbus aircraft models from A300 to A380 and their features. It highlights the growth prospects of the Indian aviation sector and ongoing trends. The student gains knowledge about the industry through this research project.
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