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The making of Global World.pptx
- 2. 3000 BCE Cowries Maldives Currency – China and East Africa Active Coastal trade linked IVC Diseases – 7th century MukeshChoudhary
- 9. The great Irish Potato Famine MukeshChoudhary
- 10. MukeshChoudhary
- 11. Discovery of America Vast Lands Abundant Crops Minerals Silver El Dorado – The Fabled City of Gold European conquest and colonization of America MukeshChoudhary
- 13. 1. Poverty and Hunger Features of Europe until 19th century 2. Crowded Cities 3. Spread of deadly diseases 4. Religious conflicts 5. Dissenters fled to America MukeshChoudhary
- 14. 18th Century Plantations in America – Slave Workers from Africa Growing Cotton and Sugar MukeshChoudhary
- 15. MukeshChoudhary
- 16. 1. “The silk routes are a good example of vibrant pre-modern trade and cultural links between distant parts of the world.” Explain how. [3] 2. Many a times introduction of new crops make the difference between life and death/ Explain the statement with the example of introduction of potato crop in Europe. [3] 3. “The pre-modern world changed with the discovery of new sea routes to America. “Give any three suitable examples to explain the statement. [3] MukeshChoudhary
- 17. Three Flows Goods Labour Capital Changing pattern of Food production and consumption Expansion of urban areas Growth of Industries Increased demand of food grains Increase in prices Restriction on import of Corn Demand for abolition of Corn Law Scrapped Corn law Food Imported on less cost Migration MukeshChoudhary
- 18. Fall in prices Increase in food consumption Industrial Growth Eastern Europe, Russia, America and Australia Increase Food production Railways Building new harbours and expansion of old ones Human Settlements Capital + Labour Finance houses of London Migration 50m People America and Australia 150m – all over the world Agricultural Globalization MukeshChoudhary
- 19. Cotton Rubber 1820-1914 World Trade – 25-40 times 60% - Primary Products Wheat Cotton Mines MukeshChoudhary
- 20. Outcome of Socio-political and economic factors Faster movement of food Trade in Meat MukeshChoudhary
- 21. Q1. How economy in 19th century took the global shape? Explain with the help of food production. HW – August 12,2022 Q2. Explain the role of technology in shaping global economy. MukeshChoudhary
- 22. Division of Africa – 1885 Berlin Britain France Belgium Germany US MukeshChoudhary
- 23. Arrival of Europeans Shortage of labour - unwillingness to work Various methods Heavy taxes Changed Inheritance law Confinement to mine worker MukeshChoudhary
- 24. Arrived - 1880 Feed Italian Soldier Invading Eritrea Atlantic Coast - 1892 Cape - 1897 Killed 90% of Cattle Monopolised cattle resource To conquer and subdue Africans MukeshChoudhary
- 25. Q1. ‘Trade flourished and markets expanded in the late 19th century, but there was a darker side to this process’. Substantiate with example of rinderpest. [5] HW – August 16,2022 Q2. What attracted the Europeans to Africa? Give any three reasons [3] MukeshChoudhary
- 27. Reasons - Cottage industries Rise in Land rents Clearance of land for mines and Plantation Destination - Carribean Island Trinidad Guyana Surinam Homeland Ceylon Malaya MukeshChoudhary Mauritius Fiji Tea Plantations
- 28. Agent – employed by Masters Paid small commission Why labour Agreed? Escape poverty and oppression False information provided Final destination Modes of travel Nature of work Living and working condition Abduction MukeshChoudhary
- 29. Contract Form of Indentured Labour MukeshChoudhary
- 30. New System of Slavery Harsh Living and working conditions Few legal Rights Own ways of surviving Escaped to wild Individual and collective self expression Blending different cultural forms Trinidad Muharram Procession – riotous Carnival - Hosay Protest religion of RASTAFARIANISM Jamaican regge star Bob Marley Chutney Music Guyana Noble Prize winner - V.S Naipaul West Indies Cricketer Shivnarine Chanderpaul Ramnaresh Sarwan Abolishe d in 1921 MukeshChoudhary
- 31. Indian Entrepreneur Abroad Shikaripuri Shroff and NattuKottai Chettiars Bankers and Traders Financed agriculture Central Asia South Asia Sophisticated system to transfer money Indigenous form of corporate Organizations Followed European Colonisers in Africa Hydrabadi Sindhi Traders Established Emporia at busy ports Selling local and imported Curios MukeshChoudhary
- 32. Cotton Manufacture in Britain Industrialist demanded restriction on imports Imposition of trade tariff Declined Indian manufactured cotton trade Stiff competition 1800 – 30% 1815 – 15% 1870 – 3% Trade in Raw material increased 1812 – 5% 1871 – 35% Indigo Opium Trade China Trade Surplus Used in trade deficit in other countries Multilateral trade Settlement Home Charges Remittances Interest payment in India’s external debt Pensions MukeshChoudhary
- 33. What are indentured labourers? How were they recruited? Explain the condition of the indentured labourers who went to work in different parts of the world. Why have the historians described the 19th century indenture as a ‘new system of slavery’? Explain any five reasons. What is meaning of ‘cultural fusion’ ? Highlight any three forms of cultural fusion which were part of the making of the global world. Describe the contribution of Indian entrepreneurs in the world market. How did the industrialisation in Britain affect the export of Indian cotton and textiles ? What was then exported from India ? Describe the term ‘Trade Surplus’. How was the income received from trade surplus with India used by Britain ?
- 35. Recruitment of Soldiers from all round the world Large scale destruction 9- million dead 20 million injured Decline working population MukeshChoudhary
- 36. Changed observed - Reduction in working force Industries shifted to war related products Reorganizedsocial structure Snapped economic links US – Debtor to Creditor MukeshChoudhary
- 37. Crisis faced by Britain Development of industries in India and Japan Difficult to recapture earlier position Huge external debts End of War boom Contracted production Increased unemployment Reduced war expenditure 1/5 British worker was out of work Impact of Agricultural economies Eastern Europe Canada America Australia Glut in wheat market MukeshChoudhary
- 38. Revival of US economy Mass Production Henry ford – A pioneer Adopted assembly line of Chicago slaughterhouse MukeshChoudhary
- 39. MukeshChoudhary
- 40. Failed to control the pace Quitted in large numbers Doubled the wages Banned the trade unions Speeded the production line pace Best cost cutting decision Spread in US and Copied in Europe Reduced costs of engineered products High living standard Wider market to cars Car production 1919 – 2 million 1929 – 5 million Other Luxury products Hire Purchase Boom in house construction MukeshChoudhary
- 41. Rising consumption demand Housing and consumer Boom 1923 – US turned largest creditor MukeshChoudhary
- 42. 2. Explain the impact of the First World War on Britain’s economy [3] 1. Mention the main features of World War I. [5] 3. Describe the condition of agricultural economies after the First World War with examples. [3] 4. Explain any four measures adopted by America for post-war recovery. [4] 5. Explain the main features of ‘assembly line method of mass production’. What problem was faced by Ford ? How did he overcome it? [2+1+2] HW – August 18,2022
- 44. Decline Production Employment Income Trade Worst Affected Agricultural regions and communities Reasons of depression Agricultural overproduction Dependence on US for Loans Withdrawal of US loans Failure of banks Collapse of currencies Doubled import duties America Slashed down domestic loans Demanded return of loans Adversely impacted borrowers Disappeared consumerist prosperity Banking system collapsed 1933 – 4000 banks collapsed 1929-32 – 110,000 companies collapsed Unemployment MukeshChoudhary Slumped on agricultural and raw material
- 45. India’s international trade halved B/w – 1928-34 – wheat prices fell to half No reduction in revenue demands Jute Producers Increased peasant indebtness Sold every piece of their savings/resources John Maynard Keynes – India became exporter of Gold Speeded up Britain’s recovery Rural India Urban India Fixed income – lowering prices Extension of trade tarriffs Led to industrial growth MukeshChoudhary
- 46. Describe the effect of the Great Depression on the world? Who were the worst affected by this depression? [5] Explain the causes of the Great Depression in the US between 1929-30. [5] HW – August 20,2022
- 47. Loss of life – 60 million people died 3% of 1939 population killed Loss of resources – destruction of cities Emergence of US as Super power Emergence of USSR as II super power MukeshChoudhary Loss of civilians than Soldier Two Crucial influences
- 48. Key Lessons from inter war period Mass Production cannot sustained without mass consumption Economic links with outside countries – Control on flows Income stability Government intervention Main Aim of Post war Economic System Preserve economic stability Full Employment Frame work agreed upon UNMFC at Bretton Woods in New Hampshire IMF External surplus and deficits of member nations IBRD/World Bank Finance post war reconstruction Bretton woods institutions/Twins Operational in 1947 US has dominant voice through VETO Currencies pegged to $ $ = $35 per Ounce of Gold MukeshChoudhary
- 49. MukeshChoudhary
- 50. 1. What steps were taken by economists and politicians of the world to meet the global economic crisis that arose after World War II? [5] 2. What were the IMF and the World Bank designed for? What made them shift their attention towards developing countries? HW – August 20,2022
- 51. Growth of world trade – 8% annually between 1950-70 Income – 5% Unemployment rate – less than 5% Growth of developing countries Invested in industrial plant and technology MukeshChoudhary
- 52. Newly decolonized country Poverty Lack of resources unemployment Developed Countries Reduction of Europe and Japan dependency BWI – shifted attention – developing countries Former colonial powers Powerful Countries like US Controlled resources of developing countries Made G-77 Demanded NIEO MukeshChoudhary
- 53. Control over their resources More develope d assistance Fairer prices for Raw material Better access in Western markets MukeshChoudhary
- 54. Beginning of globalization US finances and competitive strength weakened Dollar – NO longer World Principal currency Collapsed system of fixed exchange rates System of floating exchange rates Change in International financial system Developing countries International institutions Commercial banks and private banks Periodic debt crisis Lower incomes and increased poverty Industrial world - Unemployment Mid 1970’s – 1990s MNCs – Shifted production to low wage Asian countries MukeshChoudhary
- 55. China cut off - Revolution Collapse of Soviet Union New economic policies Eastern Europe More investment in low wage countries China world trade Capital flows Globalization MukeshChoudhary
- 56. 1. “The relocation of industry to low-wage countries stimulated world trade and capital flows.” Justify the statement. 2. Why did the developing countries organize the G-77? Give three reasons 3. Describe the factors that led to the end of the Bretton Woods system and the beginning of Globalization. HW – August 20,2022