Meant for the students of class XII CBSE board.

1. Presented By: Rajarshi Palit
PGT (Economics)
JNV BIRBHUM (W.B)

2.  The learner will be able to describe the condition
of Indian economy during the British rule.
 The leaner will be able to compare the condition
of Indian economy then and now.
 The leaner will be able to state the achievements
made by India after independence.
 The learner will be able to infer the reasons behind
the stagnation of agriculture in India.
 The learner will be able to describe the conditions
that prevailed in India before independence.

3.  The structure of India’s present day economy is
largely due its colonial legacy.
 The sole purpose of the British colonial rule was
to reduce India into a feeder economy for Great
Britain's own rapidly expanding industries.
 Before the British came to India, India was a
manufacturing economy particularly for its
handicrafts industry.
 The main aim of the British was to promote their
domestic economy at the cost of Indian economy.

4.  The policy pursued by the British transformed India
into a net importer of finished goods from being an
exporter.
 1853 first railway established between Bombay to
Thane.
 1858 India completes first 200 miles of railway lines.
 1872 first British census was conducted in India.
 India’s share of the world economy was 23% in 1700,
however by the time British departed it had dropped
to 3 %.
 Tata airlines was established in 1932, which at a later
stage became Air India.

5.  The first individual attempts to the estimation of
national and per capita income were made by
Dada Bhai Naoroji, V.K.R.V Rao and R.C Desai
among others.
 85 % of the India population was dependent on
agriculture directly or indirectly.
 Agricultural productivity became low although
there was increase in absolute terms due to
increase in area under cultivation.

6.  Indian agriculture stagnated due to the land
settlement introduced by the East India company
particularly under the Zamindari system.
 There has high yield of cash crops due to
commercialisation of agriculture.
 India’s agricultural productivity was further
lowered by the partition of the country.
 The British didn’t allow the domestic industries to
come up so that they could freely sell there goods
in India.

7.  Cotton textiles and Iron steel industries started
coming up in the second half of nineteenth
century.
 Tata iron and steel company was incorporated in
1907.
 Overall literacy rates were 16%.
 Life expectancy was only 32 years.
 Agriculture accounted for the largest share of
workforce (70-75) percent.
 Manufacturing 10 %.

8.  Agriculture was stagnating during the British
rule.
 Agriculture was commercialised.
 Poor condition economic and social infrastructure
during the British period.
 Highly skewed distribution of labour force.
 Only 10 % of labour engaged in manufacturing
sector.
 Lack of capital formation in agriculture.
 Foreign trade was aimed at feeding industrial
revolution in Britain.

9. Time : 35 min
 Define Infant Mortality. (1)
 How did the Suez canal help in trade between India and Britain ? (1)
 Write any two reasons of slow growth of population in India during the
British rule. (1)
 When was Tata Airlines established in India? (1)
 Why do you think that the British ruined the domestic industries in
India?(3)
 What were the major challenges faced by India just after Independence?(3)
 What were the major suggestions of the Industrial policy Resolution of
1956? Explain. (4)
 Why did India adopt the policy of import substitution ? what was its
impact on the economy? (6)

10.  I would like to thank my students, family and
friends of who have been a constant source of
inspiration for me.
 Special thanks to the students of JNV Munger
and JNV Birbhum who motivated me to taking
online classes during the period of lock down.