M. Hamel gives his students their last French lesson after learning the language will no longer be taught in their village schools. Franz realizes how much he had taken his French education for granted. M. Hamel emphasizes the importance of preserving one's mother tongue and national identity. At the end of the lesson, M. Hamel writes "Vive La France" on the board, moving the students with his message about cherishing their French heritage.

2. About the Author
• Alphonse Daudet (13May1840-
16Dec. 1897 )was a French short
story writer and novelist .He is
remembered chiefly as the author
of sentimental tales of provincial
life in the south of France .
• His major works consist ‘Tastain’ ,
‘Le Petit Chose’, ‘In the Land of Pain’
and ‘The Last Lesson ‘
‘

3. Chapter Sketch
The Last Lesson is set in the days of the Franco-
Prussian War (1870-1871). Led by Bismarck,
Prussia defeated France, and the French districts
of Alsace and Lorraine passed into Prussian
hands. The two protagonists of the story, M
Hamel is a French language teacher at a school
and Franz is one of his students. The story
revolves around how the war proves to be a life-
altering event for both.

4. Theme
‘The Last Lesson’ revolves around the language and its
importance to the citizens of a country .
The lesson depicts how after defeating France in the war
,the prussians wanted to rule over not only the territory
of France but also over the minds and hearts of the
people .
*The story reinforces the fact that we value something
more when it is lost .
The lesson emphasizes the importance of the mother
toungue for every one and the need to realize the fact
that it is our language which gives us our identity
,respect and freedom .

5. Over view
Franz is Reluctant to go to school
Franz started for school very late that morning. His
French teacher M. Hamel, had announced that he
would question the class on Participles. Poor Franz did
not know even a single word about them and was afraid
of a scolding from his teacher.
He thought of spending the bright warm day out doors
enjoying the chirping of birds and drilling of Prussian
soldiers at the back of the Sawmill, but he decided to go
to school
On the way , Franz passed the town hall, where he saw
a large crowd reading the bulletin board which had been
a source of all bad news ,Franz did not stop there and
rushed to the school .

6. Unusual Things at School
• When Franz arrived at school ,he found a strange quietness there
.Usually there was great bustle when school began .The noise of
desks opening and closing ,lessons being repeated in unison filled
the atmosphere . But on that day everything was quiet as Sunday
morning .
• His classmates were already seated in their places and the
teacher had started teaching .
• The back benches were occupied the village elders who looked
sad and solemn .
• M. Hamel was wearing a special dress ,which he wore only on
the inspection and prize distribution days .
• Franz found M. Hamel to be kinder than usual .
• He did not scold Franz for being late and allowed him to take his
seat .

7. The order from Berlin
• Franz was shocked to get the news that it was their lat
lesson in French and the new German teacher would
take charge on the next day.
• He was full of regret for not learning his mother tongue
and felt a sudden love for French.
• He even started liking M. Hamel and forgot all about his
ruler and crankiness.

8. M.Hamel criticises
• He remarked that the only trouble with
people of Alsace was putting off learning till
the next day.
• He blamed parents for sending their children
to earn money rather than to school.
• He also blamed himself for sending students
to water his plants or to give him a holiday
when he wanted to go fishing.

9. Importance of Mother Tounge
• M.Hamel called the French language the most
beautiful, the clearest and the most logical
language in the world. He wanted the people
of France to treasure their language.
• According to him whenever the people of a
particular nation are enslaved, as long as they
are attached to their language, it is as if they
have the key to their prison.

10. The Last Lesson
• M Hamel opened a grammar book and taught them
their last lesson. Franz was amazed to see how well
he understood everything. Franz thought that
probably he never paid much attention in the class
and that M Hamel had never explained everything
with so much patience. After that they had a lesson
in writing.
• M Hamel had brought new copies for them that day.
Everyone was immersed in their work. Even the little
children sitting in the class were tracing their fish
hooks, as if that was French too.
• Finally, they had a lesson in history.

11. The Final Good Bye
• Finally, as the church-clock struck twelve, M Hamel
stood up. He tried to speak, but choked.
• Then he turned to the blackboard and wrote as large
as he could ‘Vive La France!’ which means ‘long live
France’. He then dismissed the class, signalling
everyone to leave.

12. TITLE
• Procrastination is an evil that corrodes golden
opportunities sent our way as delaying our work
is an inherent flaw in our outlook towards life .
• The whole story revolves around the last lesson
to be delivered by M. Hamel as French would no
longer be taught in the schools of Alsace and
Lorrane.
• The Last Lesson reveals how much people should
care for their language .It is for the first time that
people come to realise the value of their
language . So the title is very appropriate and
justified.

13. MESSAGE
• The story ‘The Last Lesson’ conveys the
message that it is unwise to neglect the
learning of one’s mother-tongue. It is
through our mother-tongue that we can
preserve our identity, culture and even
freedom. This spirit of message was rightly
conveyed to the students in the villages
when Hamel wrote as large as he could –
‘’Vive La France’’.

14. Word -Meanings
• drilling – undergoing military training exercise
• Apprentice – trainee, a person who is learning a
trade from a skilled employer
• Rapping – striking rapidly on a hard surface
• Primer – an elementary book for teaching children to
read
• Thunderclap – a crashing sound of thunder
• Wretches – villains; people deserving contempt
• Cranky – bad-tempered, eccentric or strange
• Solemn – serious
• Commotion – sudden noisy confusion

15. Short Answer Questions
Q1. What was Franz expected to be prepared with for school that
day ?
A- Franz had been assigned the task of learning the rules of the
participles by his teacher M Hamel. Franz had been too casual
about learning and due to his carefree attitude, had failed to
do so. As a result he was filled with fear of being scolded by his
teacher.
Q2. How did M Hamel look different on the day of his last lesson?
A- M Hamel looked different on the day of his last lesson. He had
put on a beautiful green coat, frilled shirt and little black silk
cap – the clothes he would normally wear on inspection and
prize days. He was unusually polite and humble.
Q3. What was tempting Franz to keep away from school that
morning?
A- For a moment Franz thought of running away from school and
spending the day out of doors. It was quite warm and bright
outside. The chirping of the birds and the drill by the Prussian
soldiers tempted him more than the school.

16. Long Answer Type Question
Q. “Every body in the last lesson is filled with regret “.
Comment .The order from Berlin brought a sense of shock
and surprise in the class.
M. Hamel is filled with regret because he had not taken
enough interest in teaching French ,as he often sent students
for pretty errands and gave them a holiday when he did not
want to teach .Franz regretted that he had not been learning
his lessons ,but skipping school for enjoying other activities
.He also regretted that M Hamel was going away ,that he
would never see him again ,despite his strictness and
crankiness. The villagers regretted that they did not utilise
the opportunities given to them for learning French when it
was possible . Thus ,all of them regretted that this was their
last lesson in French .There was an atmosphere of stillness
and quietness in the class .

17. Reference To Context Questions
• But nothing happened. M Hamel saw me and said very kindly ‘’Go to your place
quickly little Franz. We were beginning without you’’.
I jumped over the bench and sat down at my desk. Not till then, when I got a little
over my fright, did I see that our teacher had on his beautiful green coat, his frilled
shirt and little black silk cap, all embroidered that he never wore except on
inspection and prize days.
(i) What was Franz’s anticipation while entering the class late?
(ii) There was something special about the clothes that M Hamel was wearing that
day. What was it?
(iii) Why was M Hamel so kind to Franz even though he had come late to class.
(iv) Which word in the extract means the same as ‘scare’ or ‘petrify’?
Answers –
(i) Franz had anticipated that due to too much noise and commotion, he would be
able to enter the class and sit on his bench, unnoticed day M Hamel, his teacher.
(ii) His teacher, M Hamel was dressed in his beautiful green coat, his frilled shirt and
little black silk cap all embroidered, something he never wore except on special
occasions like Annual Day and inspection Day.
(iii) M Hamel was kind to Franz, even though he had come late to his class because it
was going to be his last day at school.
(iv) The word ‘fright’ of the passage means the same as ‘scare’ or ‘petrify’.

18. Assignment
Short answer type questions. (Word limit 30 words)
Q1. What did Franz notice that was unusual about the school
that day?
Q2. What had been put up on the bulletin board?
Q3. How did Franz’s feelings about M Hamel and school change?
Q4. What changes came over little Franz after he heard M
Hamel’s announcement?
Long answer type questions (Word limit 120 words)
Q1. What did the French teacher till his students in his last
lesson? What impact did it have on them? Why?
Q2. Franz thinks will they make them sing in German, even the
Pigeons? What could this mean?

19. Thank You Very Much
Presented by – Sunil Mishra