The document discusses establishing Fiji as a shark sanctuary by banning commercial shark fishing. It notes that sharks have existed for over 400 million years and help maintain marine ecosystem balance. However, up to 73 million sharks are killed annually for their fins, threatening many populations. While some sharks are caught as bycatch in Fiji, others are now targeted, with a warehouse observed processing about 9,000 fins monthly. The campaign aims to protect all 58 shark species in Fiji's waters by ending the shark trade and declaring Fiji's waters a shark sanctuary.
Scuba Diving in Playa Del Carmen is an amazing experience for divers of all skill levels. Whether it is diving for beginners or advanced dives, Diversity Diving has something for everyone. The Lionfish invasion has a significant impact on the reef systems throughout the Caribbean. Do your part to help save our reefs.
2014-2015
Overview :
Many fisheries are non-selective fishing gear catching animals that they did not intend to. This non-taget extra catch is known as ‘bycatch’.
Of these bycatch species, some have a commercial value and are brought back to land by fishers to be sold. However, a large proportion is unwanted and so is discarded-thrown back over the side of the boat.
The mean of bycatch & discards
environmental & social Impacts
Some strategies & solutions
Some bycatch reduction devises in shrimp trawls :
TEDs
JTEDs
RES
Square mesh codends
Fisheyes
Square mesh window
Relation between effort & bycatch
Effects of cod-end mesh size on the catch discarded
Scuba Diving in Playa Del Carmen is an amazing experience for divers of all skill levels. Whether it is diving for beginners or advanced dives, Diversity Diving has something for everyone. The Lionfish invasion has a significant impact on the reef systems throughout the Caribbean. Do your part to help save our reefs.
2014-2015
Overview :
Many fisheries are non-selective fishing gear catching animals that they did not intend to. This non-taget extra catch is known as ‘bycatch’.
Of these bycatch species, some have a commercial value and are brought back to land by fishers to be sold. However, a large proportion is unwanted and so is discarded-thrown back over the side of the boat.
The mean of bycatch & discards
environmental & social Impacts
Some strategies & solutions
Some bycatch reduction devises in shrimp trawls :
TEDs
JTEDs
RES
Square mesh codends
Fisheyes
Square mesh window
Relation between effort & bycatch
Effects of cod-end mesh size on the catch discarded
Bycatch and Discard and their sollution & effectAshish sahu
Many fisheries are non-selective fishing gear catching animals that they did not intend to. This non-taget extra catch is known as ‘bycatch’. • Of these bycatch species, some have a commercial value and are brought back to land by fishers to be sold. However, a large proportion is unwanted and so is discardedthrown back over the side of the boat.
FAO estimates: 7.3 million tonnes of fish is discarded every year
• Nearly 20 percent of shark species are threatened with extinction, primarily as a result of being caught accidentally on longlines. Bycatch also includes young fish that could rebuild populations if they were allowed to grow and breed.
Hundreds of thousands of sea turtles, seabirds and marine mammals, including whales, dolphins and porpoises, die as bycatch. As many as 200,000 loggerhead sea turtles and 50,000 leatherback sea turtles are caught annually. Longline fishing also kills hundreds of thousands of seabirds when they become entangled in drift nets or caught on longline hooks when they dive for bait.
This black-browed albatross has been hooked on a long-line.
Seabirds with longline fishing vessel
Not only fish:
By catch is the portion of the catch that is not comprised of the fishery’s target species . Species that are caught accidentally
Bycatch from a shrimp trawler
The FAO defines discards as the portion of the catch that is thrown back into the sea either dead or alive . Like marine mammals , crustaceans , and seabirds ,sharks, birds, turtles, corals ,etc.
Aquarium collecting for the U.S. mainland aquarium hobby has decimated Hawaii reefs. Learn about the impacts and what you can do to help protect Hawaii reefs and wildlife from the aquarium trade.
The area of the sea south of Cape Comorin has been generally known as the 'Wadge Bank'.
The area has been defined by the Fishery Survey of India (F. S. I) as that part of the sea bed between 76°. 30'E to 78°.00 E Long, and07°.00 to 8°. 20' N Lat.
The area is about 4000 Sq. Miles in area
The area of the sea south of Cape Comorin has been generally known as the 'Wadge Bank'.
The area has been defined by the Fishery Survey of India (F. S. I) as that part of the sea bed between 76°. 30'E to 78°.00 E Long, and07°.00 to 8°. 20' N Lat.
The area is about 4000 Sq. Miles in area
The area of the sea south of Cape Comorin has been generally known as the 'Wadge Bank'.
The area has been defined by the Fishery Survey of India (F. S. I) as that part of the sea bed between 76°. 30'E to 78°.00 E Long, and07°.00 to 8°. 20' N Lat.
The area is about 4000 Sq. Miles in area
Stocking up
Centre for Policy Development's first report in its Sustainable Economy research program. The report looks at the real value of conserving Australian marine resources.
Fisheries Management Plan for the Atlantic Bonito, Sarda sarda (Bloch, 1793) ...Christopher Kalloo
Presentation on a fisheries managment plan for the Atlantic Bonito (Sarda sarda) in Trinidad & Tobago. Done as part of the requirements for the course, Tropical Fisheries Management, which is part of the Msc in Integrated Ocean & Coastal Managment progamme at the University of Trinidad & Tobago (2016)
Bycatch and Discard and their sollution & effectAshish sahu
Many fisheries are non-selective fishing gear catching animals that they did not intend to. This non-taget extra catch is known as ‘bycatch’. • Of these bycatch species, some have a commercial value and are brought back to land by fishers to be sold. However, a large proportion is unwanted and so is discardedthrown back over the side of the boat.
FAO estimates: 7.3 million tonnes of fish is discarded every year
• Nearly 20 percent of shark species are threatened with extinction, primarily as a result of being caught accidentally on longlines. Bycatch also includes young fish that could rebuild populations if they were allowed to grow and breed.
Hundreds of thousands of sea turtles, seabirds and marine mammals, including whales, dolphins and porpoises, die as bycatch. As many as 200,000 loggerhead sea turtles and 50,000 leatherback sea turtles are caught annually. Longline fishing also kills hundreds of thousands of seabirds when they become entangled in drift nets or caught on longline hooks when they dive for bait.
This black-browed albatross has been hooked on a long-line.
Seabirds with longline fishing vessel
Not only fish:
By catch is the portion of the catch that is not comprised of the fishery’s target species . Species that are caught accidentally
Bycatch from a shrimp trawler
The FAO defines discards as the portion of the catch that is thrown back into the sea either dead or alive . Like marine mammals , crustaceans , and seabirds ,sharks, birds, turtles, corals ,etc.
Aquarium collecting for the U.S. mainland aquarium hobby has decimated Hawaii reefs. Learn about the impacts and what you can do to help protect Hawaii reefs and wildlife from the aquarium trade.
The area of the sea south of Cape Comorin has been generally known as the 'Wadge Bank'.
The area has been defined by the Fishery Survey of India (F. S. I) as that part of the sea bed between 76°. 30'E to 78°.00 E Long, and07°.00 to 8°. 20' N Lat.
The area is about 4000 Sq. Miles in area
The area of the sea south of Cape Comorin has been generally known as the 'Wadge Bank'.
The area has been defined by the Fishery Survey of India (F. S. I) as that part of the sea bed between 76°. 30'E to 78°.00 E Long, and07°.00 to 8°. 20' N Lat.
The area is about 4000 Sq. Miles in area
The area of the sea south of Cape Comorin has been generally known as the 'Wadge Bank'.
The area has been defined by the Fishery Survey of India (F. S. I) as that part of the sea bed between 76°. 30'E to 78°.00 E Long, and07°.00 to 8°. 20' N Lat.
The area is about 4000 Sq. Miles in area
Stocking up
Centre for Policy Development's first report in its Sustainable Economy research program. The report looks at the real value of conserving Australian marine resources.
Fisheries Management Plan for the Atlantic Bonito, Sarda sarda (Bloch, 1793) ...Christopher Kalloo
Presentation on a fisheries managment plan for the Atlantic Bonito (Sarda sarda) in Trinidad & Tobago. Done as part of the requirements for the course, Tropical Fisheries Management, which is part of the Msc in Integrated Ocean & Coastal Managment progamme at the University of Trinidad & Tobago (2016)
Increasing demand for fish has increased the pressure on marine life. Pollution in the water bodies has intensified and threat to aquatic biota has become worse.
Millions of reef animals are taken from Hawaii's nearshore reefs for sale in the marine aquarium hobby.
This presentation details the impacts and advocates for ending the use of coral reef wildlife in the marine aquarium trade and hobby.
West Hawaii Aquarium Trade Impacts_2012forthefishes
The Kona Coast (aka West Hawaii) is the third largest supplier, behind the Philippines and Indonesia, of coral reef wildlife for the U.S. saltwater aquarium hobby. The U.S. trade annually imports over 11 million fish to supply 700,000 household aquariums and public display aquariums. This massive wildlife trade exacts a toll on the animals and their reefs. This presentation describes the impacts to Hawaii's coral reefs and wildlife.
Introduction for NOAA lesson by Susan Kaiser, TAS 2012: One Fish, Two Fish skaiser4800
This Power Point introduces the work of marine scientists working for FWC and NOAA as they study fish migration patterns and population off the Florida Keys near the Dry Tortugas. The original presentation was written by Danielle Morley and edited by Susan Kaiser Teacher at Sea, 2012 for use with the lesson she developed called One Fish, Two Fish. All of the resources are available at the NOAA TAS website.
Possible Alternative Uses Of Underutilized Fish And Marine Genetic Resources ...apaari
Possible Alternative Uses Of Underutilized Fish And Marine Genetic Resources (FMGR) by Chamari Dissanayake (PhD), University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka, Presented during the Regional Workshop on Underutilized Fish and Marine Genetic Resources and their Amelioration, 10-12 July 2019, Location: Colombo, Sri Lanka
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The King of the Sea: Making Fiji a Shark Sanctuary (English)
1. The King of the Sea:
Making Fiji a Shark Sanctuary
1
2. Sharks have existed in the worlds oceans
for around 400 million years.
(Before, during and after Dinosaurs)
Until recently, nothing hunted them.
3. Sharks help maintain balanced, healthy
marine resources by controlling fish and
other marine life under them.
4. Sharks do not give birth until they are 7 to 12
years old, and then only usually have 1 to 10
babies. This means that if they are fished,
their numbers drop very quickly.
Most other kinds of fish breed when they are
much younger, and have hundreds of babies,
so they are not so badly affected by fishing.
5. Dakuwaqa
Fijian people have strong traditional
links to sharks.
Dakuwaqa is still respected in Fijian
mythology, as he protects his
people from harm in the sea.
His image survives in the art of new Fijian generations
6. Shark Tourism Values in Fiji
Many tourists come to
Fiji to dive
(12%), snorkel (60%)
or swim
Tourists love to see
sharks!
96% of divers
sharks in top 3 things
to see
42% of divers
sharks THE most
important thing they
had come to see
The value of living sharks is a big part of the value of Fiji Tourism,
a billion dollar industry,
and of the FJ$150+ million/year earned for the country in tax.
7. Live sharks are important to Fiji
• Maintain a healthy balance on the reef and open ocean
• Culturally significant
• Provide tourism $ for the economy of Fiji
7
8. Commercial fishing
represents the greatest threat to sharks
There are reported
declines in shark
populations of up to
70-80% globally.
Morgan, A.C., 2010.
Sharks: The State of the Science, 8
Ocean Science Division, Pew Environment Group, Washington, DC
9. Up to 73 million sharks are killed annually
to support shark fin trading.
The valueless bodies are usually discarded.
Morgan, A.C., 2010.
Sharks: The State of the Science,
9
Ocean Science Division, Pew Environment Group, Washington, DC
10. How Shark Fins are used
• Shredded cartilage in Shark Fin soup – primarily Chinese weddings
• Remedies for arthritis - Chondroitin & Glucosamine tablets
11. Sharks in Fiji 35 of these shark species
spend most of their lives
58 species of shark have been along the coast and reefs of
reported in Fiji Waters Fiji, and are often caught by
Most are in danger of extinction commercial fishers.
ENDANGERED
Long term
DATA DEFICIENT Oceanic residents
VULNERABLE
(complete life-
cycle within Fiji)
LEAST CONCERN
NEAR THREATENED
Move widely in region (visit Fiji reefs and coasts)
12. Historical By-Catch Shark Fishery in Fiji
In the past sharks were caught as
By-catch of the Tuna Longline Fishery.
Most were caught alive (blue line) but almost
90% were killed and their fins taken (red line).
By-catch fins profit crew rather than boat owners
Year # Sharks Number Number Percent
observed caught Caught Finned
caught dead Alive
1999 434 1 28 86%
2002 75 7 58 78%
2003 277 29 218 89%
2004 451 62 339 90%
2005 892 172 720 89%
13. Targeted Shark Fishery
In the past few years the shark fishery has
changed from by-catch to a specifically
targeted fishery, benefiting export firms, and
numbers taken are increasing.
On 29 March 2011 a film crew visited
one of six Shark-fin and Sea Cucumber
export warehouses in Suva
14. Recent Targeted Shark Fin trade in Fiji
Photos taken in Suva 29 March 2011
Traders claimed
they could deliver
ONE TONNE
(1,000 Kg)
of DRIED Shark FIN
per month
15. Recent Targeted Shark Fin trade in Fiji
Photos taken in Suva 29 March 2011
Background: Over 100 bags, most of
Beche de Mer (Sea Cucumber) with
about 35 bags of shark fins.
Foreground: 3 piles of shark fins with
about 3,000 fins in each pile.
About 9,000 fins,
(= 2,250 sharks),
plus 35 bags
16. Species found in Shark Fin Warehouse in Fiji:
Photos taken in Suva 29 March 2011.
Black Tip Reef Shark
Carcharhinus melanopterus
Oceanic Whitetip Shark Bull Shark
Carcharhinus longimanus Carcharhinus leucas
17. Sharks Fins Drying in Fiji Warehouse
Oceanic Whitetip shark
(Carcharhinus longimanus)
Status: Vulnerable*
Blue sharks (Prionace glauca)
Status: Near Threatened*
Silky sharks
(Carcharhinus falciformis)
Status: Near Threatened*
* According to the IUCN Red List of
Endangered Species.
Photo taken:
29 March 2011, Suva, Fiji
18. The Fiji Shark Sanctuary Campaign
Supporting the Fiji Government’s initiative to
create a shark sanctuary across the entire Fiji EEZ,
a first for the South Pacific.
Campaign Aims:
• An end to the trade in shark products, and to all
commercial shark fishing in Fiji
• Declaration of the Fijian EEZ as a shark sanctuary, where
all shark species are protected
19. Methods of the Campaign
Research into Shark Densities, Habitats & Nurseries
Supplying data to Government
to strengthen conservation initiatives
Media campaigns
Securing support from Traditional Leaders, the General
Public, the Tourism Industry, & Conservation Organisations
21. Logo for T shirts, Stickers Etc
30 Minute Documentary
22. Taking part in the Fiji Shark Campaign
Support enforcement of shark fishing ban
Posters: Please display prominently
Communities and Organisations: send Letters of Support to
CORAL, PO Box 2558, Govt Bdgs, Suva, or Email hsykes@coral.org
Individuals: Sign the pledge at www.facebook.com/FijiSharkDefenders
23. The choice
is ours
Maroroya Save the
na Qio Sharks of
e Viti Fiji
Editor's Notes
We the people of Fiji have lived in harmony with our environment for centuries. We have had a natural respect for our surroundings and in many parts of Fiji have ancestral gods that link us spiritually to the shark. Today we find ourselves existing in a world that views natural resources very differently to our forefathers. Anything that can be extracted, used and sold usually is, and only after there is nothing left, do we see with hindsight and the knowledge of the consequences we are left with, that perhaps that was a bad idea.With this in mind, we would like a few moments of your time to share some information about sharks. While some of you may not like sharks, some may even fear them – it is important to understand the role that they play in our oceans, on our reefs and to our economy.
Imagine a reef that has had no human disturbance whatsoever. There would be a perfect balance of all the varieties of reef animals. Sharks would be in relatively small numbers, but performing a crucial role at the very top of the food chain. The diagram here illustrates proportionally the types of fish that would be found on a pristine reef.When you take sharks out of the environment, it can have a knock on effect throughout the ecosystem. The absence of shark in the marine environment will allow lower predators such as groupers to increase in numbers leading to a reduction in the number of algal (seaweed) feeders such as parrotfish (because they are eaten by groupers) thus making the reef more vulnerable to disturbances that kills corals such as disease and pollution and shifts to algal dominated reefs. This is bad because when the algae is not controlled by the herbivorous fish, it covers the corals that make up the reef.
Sharks are different to many species of fish in our waters. They don’t come together and release millions of eggs like groupers. Sharks are more like dolphins, or whales in this way. They wait until they reach maturity from age 7 to sometimes 12 then they mate, get pregnant and give birth to live young or a few eggs. Some species here in Fiji have very specific routines for giving birth. Bull sharks and hammerheads both use the fresh water rivers to give birth to their young. Some use the mangroves for protection.Some evidence also suggests that reef associated sharks may return to the place they were born to give birth to their young, similar to turtles returning to the beach they hatched on to lay their eggs.
So, sharks are very important to us here in Fiji. They are culturally significant, worshiped as an ancestral god by some, they help maintain and healthy balance on our reefs and in our oceans, and they also bring significant financial benefits to our tourism industry. While not all of us necessarily like sharks, some may even fear them, we need to appreciate their role in our ocean environment and recognize the need to protect them from unsustainable fishing pressure before its too late.
Now that fishing technologies and ranges span every corner of the worlds oceans – there is nowhere to hide. Sharks were initially an unfortunate by-catch.As a result, reported declinesXXXXIn all species?? XXX have been as much as 70-80 percent globally.However, in more recent years, and more worryingly, the outlook for sharks does not look good….. This is because….next slide
Sharks are now not only an unfortunate by-catch, they are a targeted species. Targeted not for their meat, but specifically for their fins. To maximize space and profit, fishermen cut off the fins and throw the bodies overboard. As the demand for shark fin increases more and more sharks are being finned and left to suffocate like this on the seabed.
The two pectoral (arm) fins, tail and dorsal fins are taken which on average will weigh 5kg total. 9000 fins in this ONE warehouse, this ONE week would represent 2250 sharks. 11250kgs of fin with a value of approximately $1,125,000.00 FJD – $2,250,000.00 FJD.
Well, the answer is yes. And in large quantities. The following images were taken by Dr Demian Chapman who accompanied the Department of Fisheries enforcement officers on a trip to assess the situation here in Fiji.
Fins are purchased by traders from all over Fiji. They are bagged and some are shipped in containers, while others are sent to Nadi each week and loaded in 50KG pallets on the direct flight to Hong Kong from the 6 KNOWN warehouses in Suva. Traders today are only required to apply for an export permit. There is currently no quota for volume of shark fin that can be legally exported.
Fins are dried in racks like this next to a fire or hung out to dry in the sunshine.
Fins are purchased by traders from all over Fiji. They are bagged and some are shipped in containers, while others are sent to Nadi each week and loaded in 50KG pallets on the direct flight to Hong Kong from the 6 KNOWN warehouses in Suva. Traders today are only required to apply for an export permit. There is currently no quota for volume of shark fin that can be legally exported.