The Japanese Internments saw approximately 120,000 Japanese Americans forcibly relocated and interned in camps during World War II. This was in response to the bombing of Pearl Harbor by Japanese forces in 1941, after which President Roosevelt issued an executive order allowing for exclusion zones and internment. Japanese Americans were held in poor conditions in internment camps until 1945, when internees were released with little support. In later decades, Japanese American advocacy groups pursued redress for the injustice of the internments, culminating in presidential apologies and reparations being issued in the 1980s and 1990s.

1. The Japanese Internments

2. Japanese American internment was the relocation and internment of approximately 120,000 Japanese Americans. Japanese discrimination had been prominent In America for decades, mainly because of the high amount of Japanese immigrants, who took jobs and property during the great depression. During the first parts of WWII, America had stayed uninvolved, but on December 7, 1941, Japanese forces bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into the war. On February 19, 1942, FDR signed Executive Order 9066, which allowed military powers to designate any area in the U.S. as an “exclusion zone”, meaning that any and all people could be kept in or out of them. Most races were left alone, but Japanese Americans were targeted. The Japanese were rounded up and sent to several different kinds of facilities. The most noted were the Assembly Centers, run by the Wartime Civil Control Administration, and the Relocation Centers, run by the War Relocation Authority, which are typically referred to as "internment camps.“ The Camps contained very poor conditions; no plumbing, cots for beds, and 45 cents of food daily.

3. On January 2, 1945, the interment was ended entirely. Relocation camps were left open, however, to anyone who was not able to return home. The freed internees were given $25 and a train ticket to their home cities. Beginning in the 1960s, the generation of Japanese-Americans that grew up after internment began the "Redress Movement", an operation whose aim was to receive and official apology from the federal government, along with reparations for interning their parents and grandparents. They appealed both to the property loss the suffered and the general lack of human rights exhibited. In 1967, president Ford apologized saying that it was wrong, and a major injustice that will never again occur. In 1988, Ronald Reagan passed the Civil Liberties Act which provided every surviving detainee $20,000. Also on October, 1 1993 President Clinton wrote the Presidential Letter of Apology, which was a direct apology from the U.S government to the Japanese people.

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