Proximity detection workshop, NSW Mine Safety, 2011, mining, health, safety

1. Mining Industry Assistance Unit – “Building Capacity toward world-leading OHS”
Human/ Machine Interactions
in Proximity Detection and Collision
Avoidance Systems
The importance of considering human factors

2. Mining Industry Assistance Unit – “Building Capacity toward world-leading OHS”

3. Mining Industry Assistance Unit – “Building Capacity toward world-leading OHS”
Proximity detection/ collision
avoidance and HUMANS
1. Organisational issues : acceptance of technology;
behavioural adaptations; feeling “bullet proof”; risk taking
behaviours
2. Short term human factor issues: Interface
design; alarms/ warnings
3. Long term human factor issues: changing skill
requirement; over reliance; skill fading
4. Support and technical requirements; detection
distances; maintenance; operator interference

4. Mining Industry Assistance Unit – “Building Capacity toward world-leading OHS”
Organisational Issues
 Involvement of system end-users
 Positive or negative adaptations
 Feeling “bulletproof”
 Loss of situation awareness
Organisational
Issues
Short Term
Factors
Long Term
Factors
Support &
Technical

5. Mining Industry Assistance Unit – “Building Capacity toward world-leading OHS”
Short Term Human Factors-
Interface design
 Intuitive and simple
 Temporal sequence of use
 Frequency of use
 Consistency
 Adequate feedback
 Easily to interpret multiple
detections
 Physical integration issues
Cooke & Horberry, 2010
Organisational
Issues
Short Term
Factors
Long term Factors Support &
Technical
Organisational
Issues
Short Term
Factors
Long Term
Factors
Support &
Technical

6. Mining Industry Assistance Unit – “Building Capacity toward world-leading OHS”

7. Mining Industry Assistance Unit – “Building Capacity toward world-leading OHS”

8. Mining Industry Assistance Unit – “Building Capacity toward world-leading OHS”
Interface Design
Cooke & Horberry, 2010
Organisational
Issues
Short Term
Factors
Long term Factors Support &
Technical
Organisational
Issues
Short Term
Factors
Long Term
Factors
Support &
Technical

9. Mining Industry Assistance Unit – “Building Capacity toward world-leading OHS”
Warnings and alarms
 Multiple warnings and alarms
 Visual or auditory
 Normalisation – desensitization of operators - false
alarming
 Can the volume be adjusted?
 Should technologies stop the equipment or simply
alarm?
Organisational
Issues
Short Term
Factors
Long term Factors Support &
Technical
Organisational
Issues
Short Term
Factors
Long Term
Factors
Support &
Technical

10. Mining Industry Assistance Unit – “Building Capacity toward world-leading OHS”
Driver Distraction
 Overload, distract or confuse the operator- Cabin clutter
 Visual distraction
 Cognitive distraction
 Physical distraction
Organisational
Issues
Short Term
Factors
Long term Factors Support &
Technical
Organisational
Issues
Short Term
Factors
Long Term
Factors
Support &
Technical

11. Mining Industry Assistance Unit – “Building Capacity toward world-leading OHS”
 Deterioration of user skills- skill fading
 Over reliance
 Training?
Organisational
Issues
Short Term
Factors
Long Term
Factors
Support &
Technical
Long Term Human Factor Issues
Organisational
Issues
Short Term
Factors
Long Term
Factors
Support &
Technical

12. Mining Industry Assistance Unit – “Building Capacity toward world-leading OHS”
Support and technical requirements
 Detection distances and variability
 Non- existent in some bends
 System acknowledge- touch screen
 Directional information
 Maintenance of the systems
Organisational
Issues
Short Term Factors Long Term Factors Support &
Technical
Organisational
Issues
Short Term
Factors
Long Term
Factors
Support &
Technical

13. Mining Industry Assistance Unit – “Building Capacity toward world-leading OHS”
Human Factors Resources
 A safety checklist for the
assessment of in-vehicle
information systems

14. Mining Industry Assistance Unit – “Building Capacity toward world-leading OHS”
EMESRT design philosphy

15. Mining Industry Assistance Unit – “Building Capacity toward world-leading OHS”
Key considerations
1. Has the end- user been involved in all phases of
the design cycle; How does the system react with
other controls?
2. Is the interface intuitive and simple; easy to
reach; the visual properties of the display
adequate; consistent/ accurate; too much or too
little information?
1. Organisational
Issues
2. Short Term
Factors
3. Long Term
Factors
4. Support &
Technical

16. Mining Industry Assistance Unit – “Building Capacity toward world-leading OHS”
Key considerations
3. Will skills fade over time? What happens in
abnormal/ emergency situations? How do we
train our people?
4. What are the suitable detection distances; how are
false alarms controlled? How do we maintain our
systems?
1. Organisational
Issues
2. Short Term
Factors
3. Long Term
Factors
4. Support &
Technical

17. Mining Industry Assistance Unit – “Building Capacity toward world-leading OHS”
In conclusion
 Proximity warning systems are complicated systems
overlaid on existing system
 Need to understand users and how they will use the system
 Design systems to optimise human performance
 Should be used as part of the overall management system
 Ergonomics analysis/ human factors considerations should
not be an afterthought
- the cost of implementing ergonomics is minimised at the design phase