This document discusses strategies for managing users' perceptions of time on websites and applications. It suggests that time management involves three key areas: operational management to deliver fast performance through technical optimizations; perception management to use psychological techniques to make users perceive performance as faster than it is; and tolerance management to help users tolerate longer waiting times by providing status updates and ensuring they understand the value of the wait. The overall goal is to either optimize performance, manage perceptions of performance, or maintain users' willingness to wait as needed for the given situation.

2. of
Denys Mishunov· @mishunov
Photo: http://goo.gl/WSLWvE

3. –everybody
“Waiting sucks”

4. Photo: http://goo.gl/D3J4n9

5. ©Laura Berman | greenfusephotos.com | 416-887-2655
36%
OVERESTIMATION

6. 0.35 0.01 0.06 0.05 0.075.30
4.76

8. https://blog.kissmetrics.com/loading-time/

9. 2011

10. 20112014

11. –Lewis Carroll, “Alice in Wonderland”
Alice: How long is forever?
White Rabbit: Sometimes, just one
second.

12. CHOOSE THE RIGHT TIME
D0
A
D2
B
B
D1
A
B

13. WEB TIME LINE
0.2s 1s 5s 10s
User Flow (2-5s)
Attention Span (7-10s)
Instant (0,1-0,2s)
Immediate (0,5-1s)

14. PLATFORM SUCCESS MODEL
http://goo.gl/GlxjdN
1. loading 2. finger down 4. finger up
1000ms max: 100ms
idle/cleanup in
50ms chunks
Instant (0,1-0,2s)Immediate (0,5-1s)

15. CHOOSE THE RIGHT TIME
D0
A
D2
B
B
D1
A
B

16. “The just-noticeable
difference between two
stimuli is proportional
to the magnitude of the
stimuli”
WEBER-FECHNER LAW

17. WEBER-FECHNER LAW
JND

18. WEBER-FECHNER LAW
jnd = k% of D
jnd
D
Photo:http://goo.gl/jQnZlP

19. 20% RULE
jnd = 20% of D
jnd
D < 30s
Photo:http://goo.gl/jQnZlP

20. jnd = 20% of D20% RULE
20% RULE
10s8s 12s
-20% +20%
Photo:http://goo.gl/jQnZlP

21. MEANINGFUL
NOTICEABLE
!==
20% RULE

22. CHOOSE THE RIGHT TIME
D0
A
D2
B
B
D1
A
B

23. NEUTRALISATION

25. ≈5s

27. ≈2s

28. NEUTRALISATION
5s
2s
2.4s
+20% rule
3.2s
√5×2
Geometric bisection

29. ≈2s

30. ≈3.2s

31. SUBJECTIVE
TIME
OBJECTIVE
TIME

32. TOLERANCE
PERCEPTION
OBJECTIVE
TIME

33. TIME MANAGEMENT
Perception
Management
Tolerance
Management
Operational
Management

34. OPERATIONAL
MANAGEMENT
real time
OperationalManagement

35. –Lewis Carroll, “Alice in Wonderland”
“My dear, here we must run as fast as
we can, just to stay in place. And if you
wish to go anywhere you must run
twice as fast as that.”
OperationalManagement

36. FRONT END
Delay blocking
request (onLoad)
WebWorkers
AJAXify
navigation
…
you-name-it
HTML JavascriptImagesCSS
Minification & Concatination
Sprites
Responsive sizes
Lo-Fi background
JPG images
…
Fewer HTTP
requests
CDN
DNS prefetching
…
No CDN
Inline top-screen
CSS
…
OperationalManagement

37. BACK END
CDN
Caching
Faster *
mod_deflate/mod_gzip
HTTP2/SPDY
OperationalManagement

38. –Lewis Carroll, “Alice in Wonderland”
“If everybody minded
their own business,
the world would go
around a great deal
faster than it does.”

39. LIMITATIONS
Technical limitations
Financial/time costs
Users usually don’t care about your objective
time
OperationalManagement

40. LIMITATIONS
Users don’t care
OperationalManagement

41. – Ilya Grigorik,
Web Performance Engineer, Google
“Performance is not just milliseconds,
frames and megabytes. It’s also how these
milliseconds, frames and megabytes
translate to how the user perceives the
application”

42. TIME MANAGEMENT
Operational
Management
Tolerance
Management
Perception
Management

43. PERCEPTION
MANAGEMENT
psychological time
PerceptionManagement

44. –Martin Heidegger, German philosopher
“…time persists merely as a
consequence of the events
taking place in it [space]”
PerceptionManagement
http://goo.gl/9wXHL9

45. EVENT MARKERS
PerceptionManagement
EVENT1 EVENT2 EVENT3

46. EVENT MARKERS
PerceptionManagement
EVENT1
start
Event Marker
end
Event Marker
inner
Event Marker
start end|start end

47. PerceptionManagement
PREEMPTIVE START

48. PREEMPTIVE START
PerceptionManagement
magic*
* – things user does not need to know about

51. PerceptionManagement
EARLY COMPLETION
magic*
* – things user does not need to know about

57. LIMITATIONS
When process is really long and there is no
chance to make user think differently
PerceptionManagement

58. TIME MANAGEMENT
Operational
Management
Perception
Management
Tolerance
Management

59. TOLERANCE
MANAGEMENT
valued time
ToleranceManagement

60. http://goo.gl/AkcpvU

62. –basic principle of psychology
“If you can not change the situation,
change the attitude”
ToleranceManagement

63. UNCERTAINTY
ToleranceManagement

64. ToleranceManagement Dynamic
Determinate
“Designing and Engineering Time”, Steven C.Seow. © 2008 Pearson Education Inc.
Provides periodic current status
during mid-process
Projects completion by
work units or time
Static
Indeterminate
Doesn’t project
completion
Does not provide any info during
mid-process
Download file blah-blah.mov (25GB)?
Cancel Download
Files scanned: 1250
Viruses found: 55
Your porn will be downloaded in less than
1 second. PLEASE wait
Class A
Class B
Class D
Class C

65. 5s 10s
PROGRESS INDICATORS FOR WEB
2s
Class D Class A
0

66. TIME ANCHORS MATRIX
1 2 3
5 10 15
10 20 30
ToleranceManagement

67. http://goo.gl/tn8TiG
ToleranceManagement

68. PURPOSE & VALUE
ToleranceManagement

69. ToleranceManagement

70. WORTH THE WAIT
ToleranceManagement

71. To: DENYS.MISHUNOV@gmail.com

72. http://coub.com/view/2pgyb5js

73. LIMITATIONS
The sky is the limit?
ToleranceManagement

74. Tolerance
SUMMARY
Deliver objectively
fast;
If not possible to
deliver fast, make
user think it is fast;
If it is really long
process, make user
want to wait.
PerceptionOperation

75. 0.43

79. THANK YOU
end
Event Marker