The Grotto of Wonders in Aracena, Spain was discovered in 1850 and opened to tourists in 1914. It has over 2,130 meters of passages across three levels and temperatures between 16-19 degrees Celsius. A 1,200 meter tour takes visitors through impressive geological formations with names like the Shells Hall, Diamonds Hall, and Cathedral Hall. While only 1,000 visitors are allowed per day to preserve the grotto, it attracts around 150,000 annually and has become an important tourism driver for the local economy, generating close to 1 million euros yearly. Plans are underway to expand the tour by 300 meters in 2014 to celebrate the grotto's 100th anniversary of public access.
This presentation is done by Sheena Sablan as one of her projects on ITALIAN REGIONS in her Italian 10 class (AY 2013-2014) at the University of the Philippines under Prof. Emanuela Adesini.
Presentación elaborada por Natalia Ardila y Paula Jaén (3º ESO B) en el marco de un proyecto interdisciplinar elaborado por el grupo de profesores bilingües. Ejemplo de comunicación de trabajo
Fond of the culinary arts, Jacquelyn D. Kirkland enjoys experimenting with different types of cuisine. French cooking accounts for one of Jacquelyn D. Kirkland's favorite styles, and she admires the achievements of French-inspired chefs such as Julia Child and Dorie Greenspan.
This presentation is done by Sheena Sablan as one of her projects on ITALIAN REGIONS in her Italian 10 class (AY 2013-2014) at the University of the Philippines under Prof. Emanuela Adesini.
Presentación elaborada por Natalia Ardila y Paula Jaén (3º ESO B) en el marco de un proyecto interdisciplinar elaborado por el grupo de profesores bilingües. Ejemplo de comunicación de trabajo
Fond of the culinary arts, Jacquelyn D. Kirkland enjoys experimenting with different types of cuisine. French cooking accounts for one of Jacquelyn D. Kirkland's favorite styles, and she admires the achievements of French-inspired chefs such as Julia Child and Dorie Greenspan.
San Sebastian and the basque coast slides hareJSLENEWS
Exploring Basque Country
In this publication you can see photographs made by me in the Spanish and French Basque Country .
From the capital of Guipuzcoa, San Sebastain, through the coastal towns of Zarautz, Orio and Getaria on the Spanish side and Bidart and Saint Jean de Luz in France.
San Sebastian and the basque coast slides hareJSLENEWS
Exploring Basque Country
In this publication you can see photographs made by me in the Spanish and French Basque Country .
From the capital of Guipuzcoa, San Sebastain, through the coastal towns of Zarautz, Orio and Getaria on the Spanish side and Bidart and Saint Jean de Luz in France.
Repository Power: How Repositories can support Open Access Mandates (OR2015 O...OpenAIRE
OpenAIRE presentation at the Open Repositories Conference (OR2015), in Indianapolis, 10/Jun/2015 - Session - P4B: Supporting Open Scholarship and Open Science. Presented by Wolfram Horstmann (Univ. Goettingen) on behalf of the paper authors: Najla Rettberg, Jochen Schirrwagen, Pedro Principe, Eloy Rodrigues, José Carvalho, Paolo Manghi, Natalia Manola.
EUROPEAN STUDENTS UNITED FOR THE GEOLOGICAL HERITAGESantos Mondejar
Powerpoint Intercambio Ammonites dentro del Proyecto Comenius, versión inglés.
This project is the result from the joint association between the José Marín Secondary School in Velez Rubio (Almería, Spain) and Willibald-Gymnasium High School in the Bavarian town of Eichstätt (Germany). Besides, this is a consequence of the town-twinning between these two European towns, which has allowed teachers of both educational centres to share their interest in organizing a school exchange.
Presentation used to explain the city to Spanish students taking part in the exchange. We saw this presentation in class and each student had to learn a part.
Grundvitg eu treasure hunt a guarda meeting november 2012CARAGUARDA
Ppp about the popular architecture in Galicia made by Spanish team within the Grundvitg programme "EU Treasure hunt" and presented at the meeting held in A Guarda (Spain) in November 2012
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
The grotto of the wonders, laura zamorano 4e-completo
1. THE GROTTO OF THE WONDERS. Introduction.
The land reform carried out by the Bourbons kings during XVIIIth
century relieved the hard living conditions in Sierra Morena villages
and especially in the ones in our area.
2. THE GROTTO OF THE WONDERS. Introduction.
But here in Aracena, under its Templar church-fortress there was a
hidden wonderful treasure…
3. THE GROTTO OF THE WONDERS. Introduction.
People say that it was because of the mining operations in this area in 1850, others
say that it was a shepherd known as “Uncle Blas” that was looking for a lost animal,
anyway the important fact is that the news of the treasure was published in El Porvenir
newspaper in the second half of the XIX century and it was called The Grotto of the
Wonders.
4. THE GROTTO OF THE WONDERS. Geology.
Our wonderful cave is a phreatic cavity (formed by water) created through
the erosive and solvent action of water on the calcareous rocks
(marbles) …
5. THE GROTTO OF THE WONDERS. Geology.
… It has been kept under the hill in which the castle of Aracena was settled
since the Cambrian times (first of the six periods of the Primary Era).
6. THE GROTTO OF THE WONDERS. Geology.
The grotto has a horizontal development or distribution with three different
levels of galleries on the top of each other. They are 2130 meters long all
together and they have a depth of more than 100 meters.
2.130 metres
+ 100 metres
7. THE GROTTO OF THE WONDERS. Geology.
The average temperatures all year long range from 16º to 19º Celsius
that amounts between 289’15º K and 292’15º K.
8. THE GROTTO OF THE WONDERS. Geology.
Rocks are very slowly dissolved when they come into contact with carbon
dioxide-laden water from the air and the soil. This process is what we called
Karstification and it creates different and stunning rock shapes.
9. THE GROTTO OF THE WONDERS. The visit.
At the beginning of the XXth century not all the grotto was known, but in 1926 and 1987 new
halls were discovered. Today there is a tour of 1200 meters long. Francisco Javier SánchezDalp, Marquis of Aracena and Juan del Cid had the bright idea of opening up The Grotto of the
Wonders in September 1914.
1.200 metres
10. THE GROTTO OF THE WONDERS. The visit.
So the Grotto was one of the first caves opened up to tourists. Henceforth all kind of
important public figures have visited Aracena, king Alfonso XII was among the first
important visitors in 1915 and again in 1929.
Gruta de las Maravillas, Aracena.
1914
Nerja
Cuevas del Drach, Mallorca
11. THE GROTTO OF THE WONDERS. The visit.
The 1200 meters tour with an air humidity of 98% starts in The Shells Hall.
Water surrounds you everyway then you can see The Diamonds Hall and The
Impossible Love Column until you arrive to The Big Hall, the biggest in the
grotto.
12. THE GROTTO OF THE WONDERS. The visit.
From the Big Hall you go up to the second level where you get into the stunning The
Cathedral Hall.
13. THE GROTTO OF THE WONDERS. The visit.
In this second level you have The Sultana Bath, The Emeralds Hall
and The God Glassmaking.
14. THE GROTTO OF THE WONDERS. The visit.
After that you go back to the first level again into The Chickpeas Hall after it
The Famous Nudes with phallic shapes and finally you arrived again to the
underground lake in your way to the exit.
15. THE GROTTO OF THE WONDERS. The visit.
The third level where extraordinary geological treasures laid cannot be
visited yet.
16. THE GROTTO OF THE WONDERS. The visit.
Not only visitors have been in the grotto. Famous films as “Titans”, “Tarzan in the
mines of king Solomon”, “Yerma” and “Journey to the Centre of the Earth” have used
the amazing landscape of the grotto in their shootings.
17. THE GROTTO OF THE WONDERS. The visit.
It has also been a source of inspiration for musicians as Primitivo Lárazo Martínez who
composed “Gruta de las Maravillas” suite for piano.
18. THE GROTTO OF THE WONDERS. Her care.
Enjoying this geological wonder also means taking care of it. That is the reason
because the number of daily visitors is limited and University of Granada collaborates
measuring constant readings of vital sings of the place too.
1000 daily visitors
19. THE GROTTO OF THE WONDERS. Economy.
Marquis of Aracena and Juan del Cid idea could not be more right. La Gruta de las
Maravillas has become along the years in an engine for tourism of the area. Here you
have some estimating figures.
The average annual of visitors: 150.000 people.
The average price per person: 6'60 €
Annual gross incomes: 990.000'00 €
20. THE GROTTO OF THE WONDERS. Economy.
But the grotto does not only bring economical incomes to the City Hall that is
the one in charge of its management but there are several neighbors
businesses that also have important benefits.
21. THE GROTTO OF THE WONDERS. Economy.
As for example Casas Restaurant.
22. THE GROTTO OF THE WONDERS. Economy.
And the well-stocked Spanish cured jam and Iberian cold cured meat shops where the
visitors can buy our typical products to take back home our best flavors, thanks to all
the ham cured manufacturers of the area.
23. THE GROTTO OF THE WONDERS. Economy.
And of course besides La Gruta there is the enviable natural surroundings of the Sierra
de Aracena and Picos de Aroche Nature Reserve allowing the development of the rural
tourism of the area that makes all who visit fall in love with the environment.
24. THE GROTTO OF THE WONDERS. The future.
The first centenary anniversary of the public opening of the grotto will take
place in 2014. One of the most remarkable innovations will be the enlarging of
the existing tour in 300 meters around a new area known as “La Palmatoria”
(The Candlestick).
25. THE GROTTO OF THE WONDERS. The future.
It is sure that this would
be a good way of celebrating
the hundred years opening,
for the grotto all drop a whole life but
a of us amidst
for
the vastness of its history.
26. THE GROTTO OF THE WONDERS
THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION
Laura
