ssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss

1. GREAT MUGHALS
My name is Arman Ali Khan
and I am from class 7 section A

2. SO LET’S GET STARTED
THE FIRST SIX MUGHAL
EMPERORS OF THE MUGHAL
DYNASTY – BABUR, HUMAYUN,
AKBAR, JAHANGIR, SHAH
JAHAN, AND AURANGZEB--
CHANGED THE FACE OF INDIA
WITH THEIR POLITICAL AND
INTELLECTUAL POWERS. HERE
ARE THE MAIN FACTS ON THE
SIX MAJOR MUGHAL
EMPERORS IN INDIAN
HISTORY.

4. • AT A CERTAIN PERIOD IN HISTORY FROM THE MIDDLE OF THE 1500S TO
THE BEGINNING OF THE 1700S, THE MUGHAL EMPIRE CONTROLLED
ALMOST THE ENTIRE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT. IT STRETCHED FROM
THE EDGES OF THE INDUS RIVER BASIN, NORTHERN AFGHANISTAN
AND KASHMIR IN THE NORTH WEST TO THE NOW-ASSAM AND
BANGLADESH HIGHLANDS IN THE EAST, AND DOWN TO THE UPLANDS
OF DECCAN PLATEAU IN THE SOUTH.
• THIS GROWTH HARNESSING IMMENSE POWER AND MONEY WAS
THANKS TO THE FIRST SIX MUGHAL EMPERORS OF THE DYNASTY
BABUR, HUMAYUN, AKBAR, JAHANGIR, SHAH JAHAN, AND
AURANGZEB.
• THE GREAT MUGHALS, AS THEY ARE SOMETIMES CALLED, CHANGED
THE FACE OF INDIA WITH THEIR POLITICAL, MILITARY AND ARTISTIC
ACHIEVEMENTS

5. 1. BABUR (AD 1526 – 1530)

6. • THE VERY FIRST MUGHAL EMPEROR AND THE FOUNDER OF THE MUGHAL
EMPIRE
• EMPEROR BABUR BROUGHT GUNPOWDER TO INDIA
• HE IS KNOWN FOR DEFEATING:
• IBRAHIM LODHI IN THE FIRST BATTLE OF PANIPAT (AD 1526)
• RANA SANGA (SANGRAM SINGH) AT BATTLE OF KHANWA
• MEDINI RAI OF CHENDERI AT BATTLE OF CHANDERI (AD 1528)
• MAHMUD LODI AT BATTLE OF GHAGRA (AD 1529)
• BABUR WROTE TUZUK-I-BABURI IN TURKISH LANGUAGE
• THE FIRST MUGHAL EMPEROR DECLARED JEHAD AND ADOPTED THE TITLE
GHAZI
• BABUR DIED IN 1530 AND WAS BURIED AT ARAM BAGH (AGRA). LATE, HIS
BODY WAS TAKEN TO BAGH-E-BABUN (KABUL

7. 2. HUMAYUN (AD 1530 – 1556)

8. • BABUR’S SON, HUMAYUN, BUILT DINPANAH AT DELHI AS HIS SECOND
CAPITAL
• HUMAYUN FOUGHT TWO BATTLES WITH SHER SHAH SURI AND WAS
ULTIMATELY DEAFEATED:
• Battle of Chausa (AD 1539)
• Battle of Kannauj (AD 1540)
• THE SECOND GREAT MUGHAL EMPEROR PASSED 15 YEARS IN EXILE AND
AGAIN INVADED INDIA IN 1555 WITH THE HELP OF HIS OFFICER BAIRAM
KHAN
• HUMAYUN DIED IN AD 1556 FALLING FROM THE STAIRS OF HIS LIBRARY
BUILDING
• HUMAYUN-NAMA WAS WRITTEN BY HIS HALF-SISTER GULBADAN BEGUM

9. 3. AKBAR (AD 1556-1605)

10. • HUMAYUN’S OFFICER BAIRAM KHAN CROWNED 13-YEAR-OLD AKBAR AS THE THIRD
MUGHAL EMPEROR
• HE DEFEATED HEMU AT THE SECOND BATTLE OF PANIPAT (AD 1556) WITH THE HELP
OF BAIRAM KHAN
• AKBAR CONQUERED:
• MALWA (AD 1561) AFTER DEFEATING BAZ BAHADUR FOLLOWED BY GARH-KATANGA
(RULED BY RANI DURGAWATI)
• CHITTOR (AD 1568)
• RANTHAMBHOR AND KALINJAR (AD 1569)
• GUJARAT (AD 1672)
• MEWAR (AD 1576) IN THE BATTLE OF HALDIGHATI AFTER DEFEATING RANA PRATAP
• KASHMIR (AD 1586)
• SINDH (AD 1593)

11. • SINDH (AD 1593)
• ASIRGARH (AD 1603)
• BULAND DARWAZA WAS CONTRUCTED AT FATEHPUR SIKRI
AFTER AKBAR’S VICTORY OVER GUJARAT IN AD 1572
• AKBAR DISCOURAGED THE PRACTICE OF SATI AND
ENCOURAGED WIDOW REMARRIAGE
• AKBAR WAS MARRIED TO HARKHA BAI, DAUGHTER OF RAJPUR
RULER BHARMAL
• RALPH FITCH WAS THE FIRST ENGLISHMAN TO VISIT AKBAR’S

12. • THE THIRD MUGHAL EMPEROR INTRODUCED A LAND
REVENUE SYSTEM CALLED TODAR MAL BANDOBAST OR
ZABTI SYSTEM, THROUGH HIS FINANCE MINISTER RAJA
TODAR MAL, WHEREIN THE CLASSIFICATION OF LAND
AND FIXATION OF RENT WAS INTRODUCED
• HE ALSO INTRODUCED THE MANSABDARI SYSTEM OR THE
RANK-HOLDER SYSTEM TO ORGANISE THE NOBILITY AND
ARMY.

13. • THE NAVRATNAS OR THE NINE FAMOUS
INTELLECTUALS OF AKBAR’S COURT WERE TODAR
MAL, ABUL FAZAL, FAIZI, BIRBAL, TANSEN, ABDUR
RAHIM KHANA-I-KHANA, MULLAH-DO-PYAZA, RAJA
MAN SINGH, AND FAKIR AZIAO-DIN

14. 4. JAHANGIR (AD 1605-1627)

15. • AKBAR'S SON JAHANGIR EXECUTED THE FIFTH SIKH GURU, ARJUN DEV
• HIS GREATEST POLITICAL FAILURE WAS THE LOSS OF KANDAHAR TO
PERSIA IN AD 1622
• THE FOURTH MUGHAL EMPEROR MEHR-UN-NISA IN AD 1611 AND
CONFERRED THE TITLES OF NUR JAHAN ON HER
• JAHANGIR ESTABLISHED ZANJIR-I-ADAL AT AGRA FORT FOR THOSE
WHO SOUGHT ROYAL JUSTICE
• CAPTAIN HAWKINS AND SIR THOMAS ROE VISITED HIS COURT
• A FEW FAMOUS PAINTERS IN JAHANGIR’S COURT WERE ABDUL
HASSAN, USTAD MANSUR, AND BISHANDAS

16. 5. SHAH JAHAN (AD 1628-1658)

17. • JAHANGIR’S SON, SHAH JAHAN ANNEXED AHMEDNAGAR WHILE BIJAPUR
AND GOLCONDA ACCEPTED HIM AS THEIR OVERLORD
• SHAH JAHAN SECURED KANDAHAR IN AD 1639
• SHAH JAHAN’S COURT WAS VISITED BY TWO FRENCHMEN BERNIER AND
TAVERNIER, AND AN ITALIAN ADVENTURER MANUCCI
• APART FROM THE TAJ MAHAL, SHAH JAHAN ALSO BUILT THE MOTI MAHAL
IN AGRA, AND THE RED FORT AND JAMA MASJID IN DELHI
• SHAH JAHAN’S REIGN IS CONSIDERED THE GOLDEN AGE OF THE MUGHAL
EMPIRE

18. 6. AURANGZEB (ALAMGIR) (AD 1658-
1707)

19. • SHAH JAHAN’S SON AND THE LAST SERIOUSLY NOTABLE MUGHAL EMPEROR
AURANGZEB SECURED THE MUGHAL THRONE AFTER A BRUTAL WAR OF
SUCCESSION WITH HIS BROTHERS DARA, SHUJA AND MURAD
• AURANGZEB ISSUED A ROYAL FIRMAN AGAINST SATI (IN AD 1664 OR 1666)
AND ALSO GAVE A DEATH PENALTY TO THOSE FORCING WIDOWS TO BE BU
• HE WAS CALLED DARVESH OR A ZINDA PIR
• HE FACED SEVERAL REBELLIONS DURING HIS RULE, NAMELY FROM THE JAT
PEASANTRY AT MATHURA, THE SATNAMI PEASANTRY IN PUNJAB, AND THE
BUNDELAS IN BUNDELKHAND
• THE ANNEXATION OF MARWAR IN AD 1658 LED TO A SERIOUS RIFT
BETWEEN RAJPUT AND MUGHALS AFTER THE DEATH OF RAJA JASWANT
SINGH

20. • AURANGZEB CONQUERED BIJAPUR (AD 1686) AND GOLCONDA (AD 1687)
AND RE-IMPOSED JAZIYA IN AD 1679
• THE MUGHAL EMPIRE CONQUESTS REACHED A CLIMAX DURING HIS RULE.
AURANGZEB’S EMPIRE STRETCHED FROM KASHMIR IN THE NORTH TO JINJI
IN THE SOUTH, AND FROM THE HINDUKUSH IN THE WEST TO CHITTAGONG
IN THE EAST
• AURANGZEB EXECUTED THE NINTH SIKH GURU, GURU TEGH BAHADUR IN
AD 1675
• AURANGZEB BUILT BIWI KA MAKBARA ON THE TOMB OF HIS QUEEN
RABAUD-DURANI AT AURANGBAD, MOTI MAHAL WITHIN RED FORT AT
DELHI, AND THE JAMI OR BADSHAHI MOSQUE AT LAHORE