The document discusses broadband connectivity trends in Africa over the next 5-8 years. It finds that Africa will experience rapid urbanization and the growth of regional economic corridors. By 2020, over 70% of Africans will live in cities, and integrated infrastructure will link major population centers. Broadband access is also expected to grow substantially, with mobile internet penetration reaching 90% by 2020. Terrestrial fiber networks will be critical to unlock bandwidth from new undersea cables and connect inland areas. The future of Africa's digital economy depends on continued investment in broadband infrastructure and regional integration projects.
This document summarizes how satellite technology can help bridge the digital divide in Africa. It notes that Africa has over 1 billion people across 54 countries, with 50% of Africans expected to live in cities by 2030. Satellite provides an efficient way to connect the 700 million unconnected people across Africa. It can deliver broadband, TV, mobile backhaul, and more to both urban and non-urban areas. SES aims to connect Africa through its satellites and infrastructure, offering media distribution, enterprise solutions, and government services to help advance connectivity.
GhanaConnect is a platform that aims to ensure broadband growth in Ghana through public seminars, workshops, and implementing mechanisms to make broadband more accessible and affordable for all Ghanaians. Currently, GhanaConnect is helping develop a National Broadband Strategy based on existing ICT policies, with the goal of reducing broadband costs and increasing speeds while making it more widely available. The document discusses broadband economics and evidence of its impact on GDP, as well as current broadband access and costs in Ghana compared to other countries in sub-Saharan Africa. It provides recommendations around fiber infrastructure, international bandwidth, balancing policy and investment to expand broadband access.
The document summarizes the mobile advertising landscape in South Africa. It notes that the largest independent mobile ad network sees over 93 billion monthly ad impressions across over 485 million unique users in 165 countries. In South Africa specifically, the network sees 10.5 million monthly unique users and over 4.74 billion quarterly ad impressions, with 40.7% of impressions coming from Nokia devices. Mobile usage in South Africa exceeds other media like internet and TV, with the average mobile web user consuming over 6 hours of media daily on their mobile devices.
This document provides an overview of the annual expansion of India's telecom sector. It discusses key metrics such as subscriber growth, services offered, and government participation. The telecom industry in India has grown rapidly over 30 times from 2001 to over 960 million users in 2012. The government aims to increase rural connectivity and broadband access under the National Telecom Policy 2012. Major players include Bharati Airtel, Vodafone, Idea, Reliance, and BSNL, who continue to invest and compete for market share in the growing industry.
The document discusses India's National Broadband Plan and the Department of Telecommunications' response to TRAI's recommendations. Some key points:
1) TRAI recommended establishing a National Optical Fibre Agency (NOFA) and State Optical Fibre Agencies (SOFA) to build out a national broadband network. DOT agreed with NOFA but felt individual SOFAs for each state was impractical.
2) There was debate around defining broadband as a minimum 512kbps download speed versus relying on market forces. TRAI emphasized the definition was essential for quality of service.
3) Issues like right of way permissions, charges, and funding the network through the Universal Service Obligation Fund were also
Este documento describe One World, una movilización mundial que busca concientizar sobre problemas sociales como la violencia, el abandono infantil y la pobreza. Se lleva a cabo del 1 al 10 de octubre cada año en más de 550 ciudades a través de actividades de evangelismo y ayuda social. El objetivo es reunir un millón de voluntarios y cerrar con eventos masivos de adoración el 10 de octubre en todo el mundo. Incluye un anexo con sugerencias de actividades para cada día de la movilización.
El documento describe los elementos básicos del diseño de canales de riego, incluyendo la determinación del trazo, secciones transversales, pendientes y velocidades. Explica que el diseñador debe considerar factores como el caudal de diseño, tipo de suelo, cultivo y clima para definir el trazo más eficiente. Además, detalla los tipos de canales según su orden y las ecuaciones comúnmente usadas para calcular la sección hidráulica óptima.
This document summarizes how satellite technology can help bridge the digital divide in Africa. It notes that Africa has over 1 billion people across 54 countries, with 50% of Africans expected to live in cities by 2030. Satellite provides an efficient way to connect the 700 million unconnected people across Africa. It can deliver broadband, TV, mobile backhaul, and more to both urban and non-urban areas. SES aims to connect Africa through its satellites and infrastructure, offering media distribution, enterprise solutions, and government services to help advance connectivity.
GhanaConnect is a platform that aims to ensure broadband growth in Ghana through public seminars, workshops, and implementing mechanisms to make broadband more accessible and affordable for all Ghanaians. Currently, GhanaConnect is helping develop a National Broadband Strategy based on existing ICT policies, with the goal of reducing broadband costs and increasing speeds while making it more widely available. The document discusses broadband economics and evidence of its impact on GDP, as well as current broadband access and costs in Ghana compared to other countries in sub-Saharan Africa. It provides recommendations around fiber infrastructure, international bandwidth, balancing policy and investment to expand broadband access.
The document summarizes the mobile advertising landscape in South Africa. It notes that the largest independent mobile ad network sees over 93 billion monthly ad impressions across over 485 million unique users in 165 countries. In South Africa specifically, the network sees 10.5 million monthly unique users and over 4.74 billion quarterly ad impressions, with 40.7% of impressions coming from Nokia devices. Mobile usage in South Africa exceeds other media like internet and TV, with the average mobile web user consuming over 6 hours of media daily on their mobile devices.
This document provides an overview of the annual expansion of India's telecom sector. It discusses key metrics such as subscriber growth, services offered, and government participation. The telecom industry in India has grown rapidly over 30 times from 2001 to over 960 million users in 2012. The government aims to increase rural connectivity and broadband access under the National Telecom Policy 2012. Major players include Bharati Airtel, Vodafone, Idea, Reliance, and BSNL, who continue to invest and compete for market share in the growing industry.
The document discusses India's National Broadband Plan and the Department of Telecommunications' response to TRAI's recommendations. Some key points:
1) TRAI recommended establishing a National Optical Fibre Agency (NOFA) and State Optical Fibre Agencies (SOFA) to build out a national broadband network. DOT agreed with NOFA but felt individual SOFAs for each state was impractical.
2) There was debate around defining broadband as a minimum 512kbps download speed versus relying on market forces. TRAI emphasized the definition was essential for quality of service.
3) Issues like right of way permissions, charges, and funding the network through the Universal Service Obligation Fund were also
Este documento describe One World, una movilización mundial que busca concientizar sobre problemas sociales como la violencia, el abandono infantil y la pobreza. Se lleva a cabo del 1 al 10 de octubre cada año en más de 550 ciudades a través de actividades de evangelismo y ayuda social. El objetivo es reunir un millón de voluntarios y cerrar con eventos masivos de adoración el 10 de octubre en todo el mundo. Incluye un anexo con sugerencias de actividades para cada día de la movilización.
El documento describe los elementos básicos del diseño de canales de riego, incluyendo la determinación del trazo, secciones transversales, pendientes y velocidades. Explica que el diseñador debe considerar factores como el caudal de diseño, tipo de suelo, cultivo y clima para definir el trazo más eficiente. Además, detalla los tipos de canales según su orden y las ecuaciones comúnmente usadas para calcular la sección hidráulica óptima.
Este documento describe los centros de mecanizado CNC, incluyendo sus partes principales, tipos, aplicaciones, programación y funciones. Explica que un centro de mecanizado CNC es una máquina herramienta controlada por computadora capaz de realizar múltiples operaciones en una pieza con precisión. Se utiliza en diversas industrias como la automotriz, aeronáutica, electrónica y más.
The document discusses how stress and anxiety can lead to mental health issues like depression, but stress management techniques can help lower symptoms. It emphasizes empowering individuals through self-awareness, mindfulness, and stress management skills to better regulate stress physiology. The key is for individuals to feel in control of their time, energy, and able to reduce psychological suffering and symptoms through positive self-care like meditation and spending time in the present moment. Stress management and biofeedback techniques are effective but taking the time to practice them regularly requires support and counseling.
El documento resume el origen del mal desde una perspectiva cristiana. Explica que el pecado original de Adán y Eva, relatado en el Génesis, fue la desobediencia a Dios y la soberbia de querer ser como Él, transmitiendo así el pecado a toda la humanidad. Esto tuvo como consecuencias la pérdida de la gracia divina, la enfermedad, la muerte y la inclinación al mal en el hombre. No obstante, Dios prometió un Salvador que llegaría a redimir a la humanidad, lo que se desarroll
A solução media-core® Uniqueue permite a criação de uma fila virtual e agendamento de chamadas de retorno dinâmico para melhorar o atendimento em centrais de atendimento. Ela fornece benefícios como redução do abandono de chamadas, aumento da satisfação do cliente e redução de custos com telefonia. A solução funciona de forma integrada com o sistema de atendimento Avaya e possui módulos para gestão de campanhas, monitoramento em tempo real e geração de relatórios.
This document contains a research proposal and essay on bakery businesses in Malaysia. It profiles two bakeries - Homemaydecakes, a home-based bakery, and RT Pastry House, a larger bakery chain. For Homemaydecakes, the document describes the owner's background, products, customers, marketing strategies and competition. For RT Pastry House, it outlines the owner's origins, expansion over 10+ years, products, customers, promotion methods and responses to threats from competitors. The document also discusses trends in the bakery industry and how technology has impacted operations.
GPYO Ingeniería y Urbanismo S.L. es una empresa de ingeniería que se especializa en proyectos de obras públicas y privadas. La empresa ofrece servicios de ingeniería civil, mecánica, eléctrica, y más en áreas como transporte, medio ambiente, energía y construcción. GPYO también se enfoca en la investigación, desarrollo e internacionalización, y mantiene un enfoque en satisfacer a los clientes y cumplir con normas de calidad y sostenibilidad.
El documento resume la historia del teléfono desde su invención hasta la actualidad. Comienza describiendo al teléfono fijo inventado por Meucci y Bell, luego continúa con el desarrollo del teléfono móvil en las décadas de 1950-2000, y finalmente explica cómo los celulares evolucionaron a dispositivos inteligentes táctiles en 2008-2009 con aplicaciones, cámaras y redes sociales.
Three specially trained allied teams known as Jedburghs were inserted into Eastern Brittany in 1944 to help liberate the region from German occupation. The Jedburghs were three-man teams comprised of two officers (at least one French) and a radio operator. They received specialized guerrilla warfare training. Their mission was to advise and supply the French resistance and coordinate their efforts with the Allied invasion. The Jedburghs established contact with resistance groups and helped pave the way for France's liberation from Nazi rule.
Prevención de drogas en los colegios debiera ser obligatoria. Exposición en A...jaime_orpis_senador
Chile tiene dos grandes problemas en relación a la droga. Altos niveles de consumo y de seguridad ciudadana vinculado a la relación droga-delito. Exposición en Arica. También estuvo presente el presidente de la OEA, José Miguel Insulza
Este documento proporciona un protocolo para el tratamiento de la hiponatremia en urgencias. Define la hiponatremia como una concentración plasmática de sodio menor a 135 mEq/L y describe sus causas, incluyendo pérdidas de sodio, aumento de agua, hiperglucemia y uso de medicamentos como manitol. Explica que los síntomas dependen de la gravedad y rapidez de instauración de la hiponatremia. El tratamiento busca elevar los niveles de sodio de forma segura, ya sea restringiendo el
Los Beneficios De Tomar Cerveza, Manuel MustafaManuel Mustafa
La cerveza puede tener varios beneficios para la salud si se consume de forma moderada. Investigaciones muestran que puede reducir el riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares al tener efectos antiinflamatorios y aumentar el colesterol bueno. También contiene fibra soluble y puede mejorar la respuesta del sistema inmune. Además, la cerveza tiene bajo contenido en sodio por lo que puede incluirse en dietas hiposódicas, y algunos de sus compuestos como el xanthohumol podrían prevenir ciertos tip
Este documento narra un encuentro entre dos personas, Aymar y Dylan, en una exposición de arte. Se conocieron cuando Dylan evitó que Aymar cayera por las escaleras. Aunque Aymar normalmente evita las relaciones románticas, sintió una conexión con Dylan. Más tarde, Dylan la encuentra en una cafetería y coquetean, despertando el interés de ambos.
Foro Soziala erakunde anitz eta pluralek batera nazioarteko erakundeekin elkarlanean burututako ekimen bat da. Haren xedea gizartearen parte-hartzea sustatzea da bake prozesua bultzatzearren.
------------------
El Foro Social es una iniciativa conjunta de organizaciones diversas y plurales, en colaboración con entidades internacionales, que quiere fomentar la participación de la sociedad en el impulso del proceso de paz. Se ha celebrado en Pamplona y Bilbao el 14 y 15 de marzo de 2013.
Comunicaciones y resolucion de conflictos en mineriaFIGALLOLIZANO
El documento describe los elementos básicos de la comunicación y las diferencias entre comunicación humana y no humana. Explica que la comunicación humana implica el uso de lenguaje a través de canales verbales y no verbales, mientras que la comunicación animal se basa en señales instintivas. También distingue la comunicación de la información, señalando que la comunicación es un proceso bidireccional que incluye retroalimentación.
Protocolo y eventos es una carrera oficial desde octubre de 2010, pero la investigación
en Protocolo, tanto en su vertiente ceremonial como normativa, se lleva haciendo desde
hace mucho tiempo. El protocolo, por su contenido multidisciplinar, se ha abordado
desde distintas ramas: la Historia, la Comunicación, el Derecho, el Marketing o las
Relaciones Públicas, ahora llega el momento de abordarlo desde la propia carrera. ¿Qué
es lo que se está haciendo?, ¿cómo se están llevando a cabo esas investigaciones?, ¿qué
programas de doctorado están actualmente tratando el protocolo desde el Protocolo?.
Por otro lado se sigue investigando en protocolo y eventos desde otras carreras: ¿a
través de qué disciplinas se están “tocando” temas de protocolo y organización de
eventos?
Protocol and events has become a degree course from October 2010, but postgraduate
research in protocol, not only in its ceremonial aspect but also as a rule or a law, has
gone on for a long time. Protocol, due to its multidisciplinary content, has been approached from different branches: History, Communication, Law, Marketing or
Public Relations, now it's time to approach it from the actual degree. What's being
done?, How are they carrying out this research?, What kind of postgraduate courses are
studying protocol from Protocol at the moment?.
On the other hand, different disciplines carry on with investigation in protocol,
ceremonies and events. Which of these disciplines are dealing with them?
Este documento trata sobre la autoestima. Explica que la autoestima se forma desde la niñez y puede verse afectada por factores familiares como el maltrato emocional. También cubre los síntomas de baja autoestima como sentimientos de culpa o poco valor propio. Además, analiza cómo la comunicación dentro de la familia influye en la autoestima del niño y puede transmitir patrones generacionales de abuso.
Este documento presenta información sobre el dolor miofascial. Explica que es un punto doloroso en un nódulo palpable en un músculo esquelético. Se clasifican en activos e inactivos. Existen teorías sobre su causa, como un incremento en la liberación de acetilcolina. Describe técnicas de palpación y tratamientos como medicamentos antiinflamatorios, aerosoles, acupuntura, electroterapia y reeducación postural. También recomienda mobiliario ergonómico para prevenir este
1) El documento presenta información sobre la evaluación del síncope, incluyendo la historia clínica, examen físico y pruebas diagnósticas. 2) Describe diferentes tipos de síncope como el reflejo, asociado a hipotensión ortostática y cardiaco, así como su fisiopatología y clasificación. 3) Explica el enfoque de la evaluación inicial, estratificación de riesgo, pruebas diagnósticas y tratamiento de las diferentes causas de síncope.
Urbanis corporate presentation may 2012Wagane Diouf
The document discusses a vision for affordable housing in Africa to address the large housing gap. It outlines Urbanis Africa's mission to enable Africans to own homes through developing mixed-income communities. Key points include the rapid population growth in Africa creating demand for 14 million new housing units annually, while current supply only meets a small portion of need. Urbanis Africa aims to leverage cross-subsidization, partnerships, and building on the outskirts of cities to deliver housing solutions profitably while generating local jobs and economic opportunities.
Susan Parnell - Macro-demographic trends of significance for health and devel...Jeff Knezovich
In this presentation given for the IDS seminar 'Global demographic shifts: The 21st century burden of disease', Professor Sue Parnell examines major shifts in global demographics -- especially regarding urbanisation -- and their implications for national health systems. In particular, she argues the the development studies community must recognise that the poorest are living in cities, and are no longer farmers living in the countryside.
Este documento describe los centros de mecanizado CNC, incluyendo sus partes principales, tipos, aplicaciones, programación y funciones. Explica que un centro de mecanizado CNC es una máquina herramienta controlada por computadora capaz de realizar múltiples operaciones en una pieza con precisión. Se utiliza en diversas industrias como la automotriz, aeronáutica, electrónica y más.
The document discusses how stress and anxiety can lead to mental health issues like depression, but stress management techniques can help lower symptoms. It emphasizes empowering individuals through self-awareness, mindfulness, and stress management skills to better regulate stress physiology. The key is for individuals to feel in control of their time, energy, and able to reduce psychological suffering and symptoms through positive self-care like meditation and spending time in the present moment. Stress management and biofeedback techniques are effective but taking the time to practice them regularly requires support and counseling.
El documento resume el origen del mal desde una perspectiva cristiana. Explica que el pecado original de Adán y Eva, relatado en el Génesis, fue la desobediencia a Dios y la soberbia de querer ser como Él, transmitiendo así el pecado a toda la humanidad. Esto tuvo como consecuencias la pérdida de la gracia divina, la enfermedad, la muerte y la inclinación al mal en el hombre. No obstante, Dios prometió un Salvador que llegaría a redimir a la humanidad, lo que se desarroll
A solução media-core® Uniqueue permite a criação de uma fila virtual e agendamento de chamadas de retorno dinâmico para melhorar o atendimento em centrais de atendimento. Ela fornece benefícios como redução do abandono de chamadas, aumento da satisfação do cliente e redução de custos com telefonia. A solução funciona de forma integrada com o sistema de atendimento Avaya e possui módulos para gestão de campanhas, monitoramento em tempo real e geração de relatórios.
This document contains a research proposal and essay on bakery businesses in Malaysia. It profiles two bakeries - Homemaydecakes, a home-based bakery, and RT Pastry House, a larger bakery chain. For Homemaydecakes, the document describes the owner's background, products, customers, marketing strategies and competition. For RT Pastry House, it outlines the owner's origins, expansion over 10+ years, products, customers, promotion methods and responses to threats from competitors. The document also discusses trends in the bakery industry and how technology has impacted operations.
GPYO Ingeniería y Urbanismo S.L. es una empresa de ingeniería que se especializa en proyectos de obras públicas y privadas. La empresa ofrece servicios de ingeniería civil, mecánica, eléctrica, y más en áreas como transporte, medio ambiente, energía y construcción. GPYO también se enfoca en la investigación, desarrollo e internacionalización, y mantiene un enfoque en satisfacer a los clientes y cumplir con normas de calidad y sostenibilidad.
El documento resume la historia del teléfono desde su invención hasta la actualidad. Comienza describiendo al teléfono fijo inventado por Meucci y Bell, luego continúa con el desarrollo del teléfono móvil en las décadas de 1950-2000, y finalmente explica cómo los celulares evolucionaron a dispositivos inteligentes táctiles en 2008-2009 con aplicaciones, cámaras y redes sociales.
Three specially trained allied teams known as Jedburghs were inserted into Eastern Brittany in 1944 to help liberate the region from German occupation. The Jedburghs were three-man teams comprised of two officers (at least one French) and a radio operator. They received specialized guerrilla warfare training. Their mission was to advise and supply the French resistance and coordinate their efforts with the Allied invasion. The Jedburghs established contact with resistance groups and helped pave the way for France's liberation from Nazi rule.
Prevención de drogas en los colegios debiera ser obligatoria. Exposición en A...jaime_orpis_senador
Chile tiene dos grandes problemas en relación a la droga. Altos niveles de consumo y de seguridad ciudadana vinculado a la relación droga-delito. Exposición en Arica. También estuvo presente el presidente de la OEA, José Miguel Insulza
Este documento proporciona un protocolo para el tratamiento de la hiponatremia en urgencias. Define la hiponatremia como una concentración plasmática de sodio menor a 135 mEq/L y describe sus causas, incluyendo pérdidas de sodio, aumento de agua, hiperglucemia y uso de medicamentos como manitol. Explica que los síntomas dependen de la gravedad y rapidez de instauración de la hiponatremia. El tratamiento busca elevar los niveles de sodio de forma segura, ya sea restringiendo el
Los Beneficios De Tomar Cerveza, Manuel MustafaManuel Mustafa
La cerveza puede tener varios beneficios para la salud si se consume de forma moderada. Investigaciones muestran que puede reducir el riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares al tener efectos antiinflamatorios y aumentar el colesterol bueno. También contiene fibra soluble y puede mejorar la respuesta del sistema inmune. Además, la cerveza tiene bajo contenido en sodio por lo que puede incluirse en dietas hiposódicas, y algunos de sus compuestos como el xanthohumol podrían prevenir ciertos tip
Este documento narra un encuentro entre dos personas, Aymar y Dylan, en una exposición de arte. Se conocieron cuando Dylan evitó que Aymar cayera por las escaleras. Aunque Aymar normalmente evita las relaciones románticas, sintió una conexión con Dylan. Más tarde, Dylan la encuentra en una cafetería y coquetean, despertando el interés de ambos.
Foro Soziala erakunde anitz eta pluralek batera nazioarteko erakundeekin elkarlanean burututako ekimen bat da. Haren xedea gizartearen parte-hartzea sustatzea da bake prozesua bultzatzearren.
------------------
El Foro Social es una iniciativa conjunta de organizaciones diversas y plurales, en colaboración con entidades internacionales, que quiere fomentar la participación de la sociedad en el impulso del proceso de paz. Se ha celebrado en Pamplona y Bilbao el 14 y 15 de marzo de 2013.
Comunicaciones y resolucion de conflictos en mineriaFIGALLOLIZANO
El documento describe los elementos básicos de la comunicación y las diferencias entre comunicación humana y no humana. Explica que la comunicación humana implica el uso de lenguaje a través de canales verbales y no verbales, mientras que la comunicación animal se basa en señales instintivas. También distingue la comunicación de la información, señalando que la comunicación es un proceso bidireccional que incluye retroalimentación.
Protocolo y eventos es una carrera oficial desde octubre de 2010, pero la investigación
en Protocolo, tanto en su vertiente ceremonial como normativa, se lleva haciendo desde
hace mucho tiempo. El protocolo, por su contenido multidisciplinar, se ha abordado
desde distintas ramas: la Historia, la Comunicación, el Derecho, el Marketing o las
Relaciones Públicas, ahora llega el momento de abordarlo desde la propia carrera. ¿Qué
es lo que se está haciendo?, ¿cómo se están llevando a cabo esas investigaciones?, ¿qué
programas de doctorado están actualmente tratando el protocolo desde el Protocolo?.
Por otro lado se sigue investigando en protocolo y eventos desde otras carreras: ¿a
través de qué disciplinas se están “tocando” temas de protocolo y organización de
eventos?
Protocol and events has become a degree course from October 2010, but postgraduate
research in protocol, not only in its ceremonial aspect but also as a rule or a law, has
gone on for a long time. Protocol, due to its multidisciplinary content, has been approached from different branches: History, Communication, Law, Marketing or
Public Relations, now it's time to approach it from the actual degree. What's being
done?, How are they carrying out this research?, What kind of postgraduate courses are
studying protocol from Protocol at the moment?.
On the other hand, different disciplines carry on with investigation in protocol,
ceremonies and events. Which of these disciplines are dealing with them?
Este documento trata sobre la autoestima. Explica que la autoestima se forma desde la niñez y puede verse afectada por factores familiares como el maltrato emocional. También cubre los síntomas de baja autoestima como sentimientos de culpa o poco valor propio. Además, analiza cómo la comunicación dentro de la familia influye en la autoestima del niño y puede transmitir patrones generacionales de abuso.
Este documento presenta información sobre el dolor miofascial. Explica que es un punto doloroso en un nódulo palpable en un músculo esquelético. Se clasifican en activos e inactivos. Existen teorías sobre su causa, como un incremento en la liberación de acetilcolina. Describe técnicas de palpación y tratamientos como medicamentos antiinflamatorios, aerosoles, acupuntura, electroterapia y reeducación postural. También recomienda mobiliario ergonómico para prevenir este
1) El documento presenta información sobre la evaluación del síncope, incluyendo la historia clínica, examen físico y pruebas diagnósticas. 2) Describe diferentes tipos de síncope como el reflejo, asociado a hipotensión ortostática y cardiaco, así como su fisiopatología y clasificación. 3) Explica el enfoque de la evaluación inicial, estratificación de riesgo, pruebas diagnósticas y tratamiento de las diferentes causas de síncope.
Urbanis corporate presentation may 2012Wagane Diouf
The document discusses a vision for affordable housing in Africa to address the large housing gap. It outlines Urbanis Africa's mission to enable Africans to own homes through developing mixed-income communities. Key points include the rapid population growth in Africa creating demand for 14 million new housing units annually, while current supply only meets a small portion of need. Urbanis Africa aims to leverage cross-subsidization, partnerships, and building on the outskirts of cities to deliver housing solutions profitably while generating local jobs and economic opportunities.
Susan Parnell - Macro-demographic trends of significance for health and devel...Jeff Knezovich
In this presentation given for the IDS seminar 'Global demographic shifts: The 21st century burden of disease', Professor Sue Parnell examines major shifts in global demographics -- especially regarding urbanisation -- and their implications for national health systems. In particular, she argues the the development studies community must recognise that the poorest are living in cities, and are no longer farmers living in the countryside.
Digital Technology - Informal Settlements and Community Empowerment in the Ki...Patrick Doherty
Digital technology in the developing world. An in depth look at at how three organizations in the KIbera Slum outside Nairobi, Kenya are using information and communications technology, and in particular, mobile and digital technologies to empower slum residents through:
Urban mapping
Web & digital design skills
Digital and social media platforms
Insights into mobile telecoms in africa dec 2011 - finalAndrew McHENRY
Hi Madan,
Please review and select from the PDF's what PPT slides I can send you and you can incorporate into your research as long as Mobile In Africa / Jon and Andrew receive credit for the info.
Thanks
Andrew
Insights into Mobile Telecoms in AfricaJon Hoehler
This document provides insights into the mobile telecoms landscape in Africa based on publicly available data and analysis from various sources. It notes that Africa has become the world's second largest mobile market by connections and the fastest growing, with over 649 million connections in Q4 2011. However, mobile penetration across Africa remains relatively low, with many countries still below 50% penetration. The top 25 African mobile countries by connections represent over 91% of the total African market. Prepaid connections account for around 96% of the African mobile market. ARPU is declining across Africa due to competition and economic factors. Voice services currently dominate African mobile revenues, though mobile internet and data usage are growing rapidly.
The document discusses rural mobile value-added services (VAS) in India. It notes that by 2012, 60% or close to 400 million of India's projected 650 million total mobile subscribers will be rural. Some prevailing trends for rural VAS discussed include astrology, Bollywood content, cricket updates and missed call codes used to communicate. Challenges include low literacy rates, lack of awareness of VAS services, and that most rural Indians top-up for Rs. 50 or below. Available rural services from handset manufacturers and through SMS/WAP are discussed. The document advocates for voice-activated services in local languages at affordable prices to empower rural users.
This document discusses how expanding mobile services to rural areas of Africa can boost economic growth. It finds that:
1) There is a strong correlation between mobile phone use and GDP - countries with higher mobile penetration see greater GDP growth. Currently, mobile penetration in Africa is under 55%, representing major business opportunities.
2) Limited infrastructure like fixed lines means rural communities rely on alternatives like microwave or satellite backhaul to connect to mobile networks. Satellite technology is well-suited to service small, remote populations over large areas due to no distance limitations.
3) Emerging mobile data services will drive further growth, benefiting satellite operators and others providing backhaul connectivity across Africa's vast rural regions. Expanding mobile access
State of Housing Microfinance in AfricaWagane Diouf
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The future of broadband: What bandwidth evolution can Africa expect in the future?
1. The future of broadband:
What bandwidth evolution can Africa expect in the future
April 2012
Broadband Confex
Chantel Lindeman
2. Agenda
Megatrends impacting Africa
Urbanisation
Regional integration
Future Infrastructure
Connecting the unconnected
Current broadband situation
Future impact of bandwidth
Competitive playing field
Future connectivity platforms
2
3. Africa – The Dark Continent
C. Mayhew & R. Simmon (NASA / GSFC). NOAA / NGDC, DMSP Digital Archive
3
4. The megatrends impacting the ICT sector in Africa over the next 5 to 8 years
Regional
Integration
Urbanisation
Connecting the
Unconnected
Future Infrastructure
Source: Frost & Sullivan analysis.
4
5. As a region, Africa will possess the second largest number of urban occupants
by 2020
Asia
North America Europe
533
288
560
340 1,757
Africa
2,383
Latin America
and Caribbean
Oceana
412
468 660 25
560 30
2020
2010
Urban
Population
(million)
5
6. Seventy % of urbanised Africa will live in informal settlements
Splintered Urbanisation Major Informal Settlements, Africa, 2050
African urban communities will comprise 70 per cent Chad
informal settlement dwellers living alongside an 99.4% of the
emerging middle class roughly equal to that of India population live in
informal settlements
Ethiopia
99.4% of the
population live
in informal
settlements
Lagos
75% of the population Nairobi
live in informal Kibera > 1
settlements million people
Kinshasa Maputo
Percent of Urban Residents by Type of Settlement, Africa,
2050
70%
30% not living in in informal Luanda
informal settlements Cacuaco >
settlements 600,000 people Johannesburg/
Pretoria
Cape Town Soweto
Khayelitsha
Source: UN-Habitat, Frost & Sullivan analysis.
6
7. African cities will require resource efficient technologies to meet social
challenges and business opportunities
Cairo
Cairo is expected to grow from 11
million in 2010 to over 13.5 million by
2025; it is the only mega city, by
definition, in Africa.
Lagos and Eko Atlantic City Region
Lagos’s Eko Atlantic City will merge
with the city of Lagos to form a future
business gateway to Africa—a
mega region of over 16 million.
North South Corridor
Transport routes across the region will
be expanded and integrated to create
corridors for trade and inter-
continental co-operation by linking
mega cities.
Source: Frost & Sullivan analysis
7
8. Corridors will unlock economic potential of landlocked countries and will
improve inter-dependence among cities, leading to regional economic growth
Mega Corridors, Africa, 2050
The North Delta Region
1,000 km Abidjan-Ouagadougou • Combined population of 77
Alexandria Cairo
Corridor million
• Three emerging corridors:
Cairo-Suez
Cairo-Alexandria
Cairo-Ismailia.
Ouagadougou Addis Ababa
Abidjan 900 km Kampala-Nairobi-
Ibadan
Mombasa urban corridor
The Greater Ibadan Lagos Accra Accra
(GILA) Corridor Lagos Nairobi
• Combined population >18 million
• Contributes combined GDP of Kinshasa Dar es Salaam
$127,592,000.
Luanda North-South Corridor
• Facilitate inter-regional trade
Trans-Cunene Corridor from Cape to Cairo.
• Will link the Democratic Republic of • Free trade area comprising 533
Congo (DRC) with South Africa million people.
through Angola and Namibia. • Combined GDP of $833 billion or
58% of Africa’s GDP.
Main Developed Corridors Cape Town Johannesburg/
Future Corridor Development Durban Pretoria
Source: UN-Habitat, 2010, Frost & Sullivan analysis.
8
9. An integrated continent – development in intra-trade and key infrastructure
development
Power, Transport and Trade Integration (Africa), 2010 – 2020
Total Intra-trade:
$216 billion
Power Interconnection
Investment: $50 billion
Regional Transport
Investment (road, rail): $30 billion
ICT Infrastructure
Development: $60 billion
` Planned Electricity Interconnections
Road Infrastructure development
Trilateral Free Trade Agreement (T-FTA)
Source: Frost & Sullivan Analysis
9
10. Agenda
Megatrends impacting Africa
Urbanisation
Regional integration
Future Infrastructure
Connecting the unconnected
Current broadband situation
Future impact of bandwidth
Competitive playing field
Future connectivity platforms
10
11. Markets with 80% broadband penetration are more than twice as innovative as
countries with 40% Penetration
Mobile, Broadband, and Internet Penetration per Region, Global, 2009 and 2020
140%
Europe
North America 123%
110%
90%
100%
100% 100% 90%
82% 70%
68% 56% 110% Asia
65% 75%
56%
21%
Africa
11%
Latin America
90%
60% Oceania
120%
112%
95%
Mobile Penetration 2009 91%
50% 41% 83% 70%
85% 82%
Mobile Penetration 2020 27% 8%
57%
Broadband Penetration 2009 4%
Broadband Penetration 2020 9%
Internet Penetration 2009 7%
Internet Penetration 2020 Source: 2009 telecommunications statistics from ITU,
2020 projections from Frost & Sullivan
11
12. Annual growth rates of 9% to 2020 will allow Africa to reach a mobile
penetration rate close to market saturation
Mobile Telephony Penetration Rate, Africa, 2010 Mobile Telephony Penetration Rate, Africa, 2020
Mobile Phone Subscriptions
• In 2010, African mobile
penetration is just less than
50 per cent.
• That said, several countries
have reached saturation.
• By 2020 we expect a 90 per
cent mobile penetration
rate.
80–100%
$80 billion investment
60–80%
in networks
40–60%
20–40% Low cost mobile
<20% phones
Value-added Services
500 million 1,170 million
Source: Frost & Sullivan, 2011
12
13. Announcement of additional submarine cables to BRICs in saturated
undersea cable market is concerning – terrestrial fibre is key
• Terrestrial fibre will unlock the vast
amounts of bandwidth available from
undersea cables
• Fibre vendors, telcos and municipalities
have began investing heavily in
infrastructure
• Mobile broadband and data centres are
driving the revenue and subscriber
growth rates
• Landlocked countries have access to
EASSy and WACS through incumbents
• ISPs still have access issues to
backhaul services.
Source: Steve Song Map and Ubuntu Alliance, 2012
13
14. By 2020, $4 billion is expected to be invested in submarine fibre cables and $56
billion on terrestrial networks
Submarine Fibre Optic Landing Points, Africa, 2020 The number of major
ISPs will increase from
20 to 25
Thirteen undersea
cables will result in a
90 per cent decrease
in the wholesale cost
of international
bandwidth
Revenue from data
services to reach
$137,000 million in
2010
1 to 3 cables
4 or more cables
Landlocked country with
access to submarine Mobile operators
cable will be the ISPs
Terrestrial fibre links
Sub marine cables – Multiple cables
Source: Frost & Sullivan, 2011
14
15. DSL adoption is expected to decline whilst mobile broadband leapfrogs in
uptake
Total Broadband Market: Technology Adoption Trends (Africa), 2010
High Introduction Growth Maturity Decline
Dial-up Access
Adoption Rate
Mobile DSL Access
Broadband
Satellite
WiMax
LTE
Wi-Fi
Low
Technology Stage Source: Frost & Sullivan analysis.
15
16. In response to the declining voice revenues, existing operators are focusing
on providing broadband services to both businesses and consumers
Total Broadband Market: Competitive Structure
Number of Companies in the Market More than 255
Cost, performance, schedule, support, technology, reliability,
Competitive Factors
contractor relationships, customer relationships
Key End-user Groups Consumers, SMEs and Enterprises
Major Market Participants* Vodacom, MTN, Telkom, Orange and Econet
Market Share of Top 10 Competitors 80%
Other Notable Market Participants Internet Solutions, Africonnect, PowerTel, Africom
Distribution Structure Direct sales
Vodacom Gateway Mauritus acquired Africonnect; Lap Green
Notable Acquisitions and Mergers acquired 75% of ZAMTEL, Liquid Telecom acquired 49% of
Ecoweb.
*Major market participants by broadband technology Source: Frost & Sullivan analysis.
16
17. Government will drive future investments in order to facilitate growth in the
business sector
• Collaborated infrastructure expansion and sharing Total Broadband Market: Strategic
Conclusions
has increased broadband penetration
• The influence of undersea cables cannot be denied
‒ Broadband prices have started to decrease in the region Further Infrastructure
consolidation expansion and
‒ ISPs and mobile operators have already started to take expected sharing
advantage of this
• Regulator facilitation of spectrum allocation will
enhance deployment of technologies like WiMax and Influence
Managed of
LTE services Broadband undersea
pushes Market cables
• Effective customer segmentation is crucial for ISPs to broadband
market
properly differentiate themselves
• An increased demand for managed services pushes
the broadband market Effective
customer Spectrum
‒ Data centres, storage and converged communication segmentation allocation
crucial
• Frost & Sullivan expects further consolidation,
especially between tier II and III operators
Source: Frost & Sullivan analysis.
17
18. Connectivity will generate $200 Billion in opportunities for
networked sectors by 2020
`
Seventy per cent of electrified ICT innovation will be a
households to use remote metering major employer of skilled
of electricity and automatic load manpower
staggering–$20 billion will be
invested
Five per cent of cities will deploy One hundred per cent of
intelligent transport systems for terrestrial TV broadcasting
traffic management–$10 billion will will be digital–$4 billion worth
be invested in these systems of set-top-boxes to be sold
Forty per cent of hospitals will be
networked with pharmacies and Ten per cent of urban office
doctors–$40 billion will be spent on staff will work from home and
hospital ICT equipment use broadband networks
Seventy per cent of all banking transactions will use mobile
technology–$300 billion to be transacted
Source: Frost & Sullivan, 2011
18
19. Youradditional information
For Contact For Additional Information
Chantel Lindeman
Business Unit Leader – ICT Africa
http://www.frost.com
Tel: +27 21 680 3205
Mobile: +27 82 555 3851
E mail: chantel.lindeman@frost.com
19