The document discusses frequent flyer programs (FFPs), which were introduced by American Airlines to foster brand loyalty among frequent flyers. FFPs allow passengers to earn mileage points based on the distance traveled, with more points earned for traveling more with a particular airline. These points can then be redeemed for rewards like free upgrades, additional flights, hotel stays, or other benefits. In India, Air India operates a FFP called Flying Returns that allows members to earn points on Air India as well as partner airlines, which can then be redeemed for award tickets or additional perks through hospitality partnerships.