This document discusses the key factors of production: land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship. It defines production as the process of transforming inputs like labor, machines, and raw materials into more useful outputs. The factors of production are the inputs that contribute to the production process. Land refers to all natural resources and is a gift of nature. Labor is defined as any human activity using mental or physical skills. Capital consists of man-made goods like factories, machinery, and tools that are used to produce further wealth. The entrepreneur brings together the other factors of production and takes on the risk of the business by making decisions about what, how, and where to produce.

1. Presented by:Mphuti Abram
student at UJ

2. CONTENTS
1) What is Production.
2) What is Factors of Production.
3) Basic Factors of Production.
• Land and its Features.
• Labour and its Features.
• Capital,Types and its Features.
• Entreprenuer and its Features.

3. Production means, a process by which
resources (men ,material, time etc.) are
transformed into a more useful commodity
or services.
 In general, Production means transforming
inputs ( Labour, machines, raw materials,
etc.) into an useful & desired output.
For e.g.
 Steel from iron ore,
 Legal services like medical, consultancy,
hospitality etc.


4. What is Production


Production is an outcome of an
economic activity.
Prof. J.R.Hicks defines
Production as "any activity
directed towards the satisfaction
of other peoples wants through
exchange."

5. What is Factors of
Production
1) Anything that assist production is
termed as factor of production.
2) But mere existence is not necessarily
a factor of production.
3) It become a factor of production
only when it actually assist or
contributes to production.

6. Factors of Production are parameters
which affects output of any production.
 Factors of production means ‘inputs’ and
finished goods means ‘output’.
 Input decides the quantity of output i.e.
output depends upon input.
 Input is the starting point and output is
the end point of production process.


7. 1) LAND
2) LABOUR
3) CAPITAL
4)ENTREPRENUER

9. 1) Land is the original and primary factor of
production.
2) Without land the production process cannot exceed
further.
3) In Economics all the natural resources that are
available –
a) on the surface of the earth
b) below the surface of the earth
c) above the surface of the earth
and which are used in the production
process
is called LAND.

10. 1) Land is a free gift of nature.
2) Land has no cost of
production.
3) The supply of land
perfectly inelastic.
4) Land is subject to Law of
Diminishing Return.
5) Land is immobile.

11. Features of Land ……
6) Are “gifts of nature” and exist without human
intervention
MPHUTI ABRAM
10

12. 
Refer to the effort of people which is applied
to the production of goods and services
EPF.1b Consequences of
Choices
12

13. 1) Labour is a human factor of production.
2) In economics labour is defined as- “Economic activity of
man with HEAD and HAND.”
3) LABOUR is human factor of any kind, manual or
mental,skilled or unskilled, scientific or artistic
undertaken with a view of creating or adding utility.

14. 1) Labour is a human factor.
2) Active factor.
3) Labour cannot be stored.
4) No two labours are identical.

15. CAPITAL
Capital is the stock of produced
means of production.

16. 1) Capital is a man-made resource of
production used to produce further
wealth.
2) It refers to the stock of capital assets
such as factories,machines, tools &
equipments, raw material, transport
vehicles etc…
3) Therefore capital is defined as “Produced
means of production”

18. HUMAN
CAPITAL

19. Physical capital

20. ELEMENTS OF
PHYSICAL CAPITAL
FIXED
CAPITAL
WORKING
CAPITAL

21. Features of Capital
1) Capital is man-made factor
of production.
2) Supply of capital is elastic.
3) Capital has mobility.
4) All capital is wealth but all
wealth is not capital.

22. Entreprenuer
1) Entreprenuer is a person who brings in land,
labour & capital in one place & uses it for the
production process.
2) He is the person who decidesa) What to produce?
b) How to produce?
c) Where to produce?
3) The person who takes these decisions along
with the risk associated with them is known as
‘Entreprenuer’.

23. Features of
Entreprenuer
1) He must be a good administrator.
2) He must possess complete knowledge.
3) He must be a person of imagination.
4) He must be a man of action.

24. REFERENCE LIST
These work is a collection of three authors as listed here:
Accessed 4 March 2014
1. Abhishek, A (2012)
http://www.slideshare.net/abhi23agrawal/factors-of-production-13714768?qid=5f0ffd07-05b5445f-9b4a-39535c7952b9&v=qf1&b=&from_search=11
2. LEENA, V (2014) http://www.slideshare.net/leena1506/economics-factor-ofproduction?qid=5f0ffd07-05b5-445f-9b4a-39535c7952b9&v=qf1&b=&from_search=1
3. Shubham, S (2011) http://www.slideshare.net/ssinghalcool/factors-of-production9747550?qid=5f0ffd07-05b5-445f-9b4a-39535c7952b9&v=qf1&b=&from_search=15

25. Presented by:-
Mphuti Abram
student at UJ