The Epipen Case Study

The Epipen Case Study
Corporations around the globe are robbing consumers of money, and there is nothing they can do to stand against it. The main goal of each
corporation is to squeeze every last cent out of their consumers pockets and monopolized markets allow this to happen. In the case of the EpiPen, this is
exactly what is occurring. Mylan, the company that both produces and markets the EpiPen, has drastically increased the price of their drug in recent
years. Because this drug is essential for the safety of allergy sufferers, consumers are forced to pay whatever price they see on an EpiPen. This isn't
right for a necessity that millions of people use. The recent increase in the cost of an EpiPen has jeopardized the health of many Americans who can no
longer afforded this life–saving drug.
The usage of an EpiPen is very crucial when someone goes into anaphylactic shock. According to Tara Parker–Pope, writer of an article found on
Nytimes.com by the name of "EpiPen Price Rise Sparks Concern for Allergy Sufferers," when an allergen causes this reaction to occur, the EpiPen is
stabbed into one's thigh releasing epinephrine into the body. After being dispersed throughout the body, this drug reverses the life... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
As found in "EpiPen Prescription Jumped Last Month Even as Outrage Grew Over Price Hikes" from CNBC.com, Dan Managan states "Public outrage
over the cost of EpiPens exploded last month after consumers and elected officials highlighted the fact that the auto–injectors have increased in retail
price more than 400 percent in recent years." That's right, 400 percent, and who is to blame them for being upset? When a life saving product goes
up nearly $500 in seven years (see Fig. 1), outrage should occur. The fact that tops of the anger of the consumers is that EpiPens are only Fig. 1.
Listing prices of an EpiPen (2009–2016). Data Source: CNN.com, "How EpiPen Came to Symbolize Corporate
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Mylan Argumentative Essay
Mylan is the pharmaceutical company who owns and produces the lifesaving drug called EpiPen. EpiPen is an auto–injector that releases epinephrine
into the system by penetrating through the thigh to control a severe allergic reaction. Many families look to this medication to save their child's
life in the event of an emergency. With all the lifesaving benefits this company offers, Mylan however, have been receiving a lot of criticism
regarding the astounding price for the pen. According to David Dyan with The Fiscal Times, EpiPens were once sold for $57 per pen in 2007,
today a single pen costs over $300. Mylan has imposed at 600% price increase on the lifesaving drug in the course of almost a decade without a viable
explanation. To make matters... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By working together with other companies that provide a similar product you can cut costs of manufacturing. By utilizing the transnational strategy,
which integrates global operations without having a strong national identity, Mylan can conduct business in several countries with diverse degrees of
coordination and integration of strategy and operations. Mylan can also grow its firm by vertical integration: acquiring it's suppliers.. When two
companies work together this is also known as co–opetition, ––––. On the other hand, with all the benefits of joint ventures, there are set backs to
working with other firms, such cultural differences, which can result in poor integration and

How Our Body Respond To Fight-Or-Flight Response By Walter...
When I was reading the chapter 3 I saw this interesting subject. It explains how our body respond to danger situations.
The fight–or–flight response, also known as the acute stress response, refers to a physiological reaction that occurs in the presence of something that
is terrifying, either mentally or physically. The response is triggered by the release of hormones that prepare your body to either stay and deal with a
threat or to run away to safety. (1,2)
The phrase "fight–or–flight" response was coined by American physiologist Walter Cannon in the 1920s. To Cannon, the body's responses to "fight"
are the same as those to "flight."
Cannon realized that a chain of rapidly occurring reactions inside the body helped to mobilize the body's resources to deal with ... Show more content
At synapses within the sympathetic ganglia, preganglionic sympathetic neurons release acetylcholine, a chemical messenger that binds and activates
NICOTINIC acetylcholine receptors on postganglionic neurons.(3)
In response to this stimulus, postganglionic neurons principally release noradrenaline (norepinephrine).
Prolonged activation can elicit the release of adrenaline from the adrenal medulla. Once released, noradrenaline and adrenaline bind adrenergic
receptors on peripheral tissues.
Binding to adrenergic receptors causes the effects seen during the fight–or–flight response. These include pupil dilation, increased sweating, increased
heart rate, and increased blood pressure.
This results in an increase in heart rate, blood pressure and breathing rate. After the threat is gone, it takes between 20 to 60 minutes for the body to
return to its pre–arousal levels(1).
You can probably think of a time when you experienced the fight–or–flight response. In the face of something frightening, your heart beat quickened,
you begin breathing faster, and your entire body become tense and ready to take

Influenza Case Summary
Natalie informed members that clarification has been provided where the Prevnar 13 will be given first then Pneumo23 vaccine. This is forthcoming
for the next influenza season by Alberta Health in August 2016.
Graham provided a summary of the Grande Prairie Vital Signs survey:
Survey done every 2 years only for Grande Prairie and surrounding areas.
Data showed vaccination is important to: o 18–20 (age) – 88% o 31–44 (age) – 91%
Data showed if client hasn't lived in the area for 6 years then: o Less than 90% of residents know where immunization is offered in their community. o
Less than 85% of those under 30 years of age know where to go to receive immunization services.
п‚§This is a big problem considering that the parents of young children would ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Procedures in Edmonton Zone for out–of–country treatment has been Central immunization team (Coronation Plaza) evaluates the situation then
recommendations to MOH. PHN carries out recommendation and adjusts spacing. The animal is observed and reported by family for 10 days.
2.ID route is dose bearing.
3.More data and collection gap.
4.Changing of route in mid–series is not recommendation from ID to IM.
Natalie presented a case:
A gentlemen had an anaphylactic reaction at the school with something he ate (nuts). Treatment is available at the school (epinephrine).
Discussion:
CARNA position: o School should not relay on the nurse for epinephrine. o If someone walks into the school and has an anaphylactic reaction to
another agent other than vaccine being offered by the school this is not covered by CARNA license since the nurse is not a physician to diagnosis the
client.
EZ procedure is not to use epinephrine other then vaccine reaction.
Senior AHS MOH (Dr. Predy) for emergency anaphylacticshock treatment we should be using the epinephrine supply at the school but should not be
dependent on the school supply. o Dr. Predy supports this need to be done; we could be legally held

Drug Profile: Carvedilol: Drug And Excipients Profile
4. Drug and Excipients Profile: 4.1 Drug Profile:62 4.1.1 Carvedilol phosphate: Synonyms: Carvedilol; Carvedilolum [Latin] Chemical Formula:
C24H26N2O4 Chemical Name (IUPAC): (2RS)–1–(9H–Carbazol–4–yloxy)–3–[[2–(2–methoxyphenoxy)ethyl]amino]propan–2–ol phosphate salt (1:1)
hemihydrate. CAS Registry Number: 72956–09–3 Structural Formula: Description: Carvedilol phosphate is a nonselective ОІ–adrenergic blocking
agent with О±1–blocking activity. Carvedilol phosphate is a white to almost–white solid with a molecular weight of 513.5 (406.5 carvedilol free base)
and a molecular formula of C24H26N2O4H3PO41/2 H2O. Half life: 6–8 h Melting Range: 148–150 В°C Log P: 3.5 pKa: 7.4 BCS Class: Class II
drug Bioavailability: 25–35% Solubility: Free soluble... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The ammonium groups are present as salts and give rise to pH–independent permeability of the polymers. Both polymers are water–insoluble, and films
prepared from Eudragit RL are freely permeable to water, whereas, films prepared from Eudragit RS are only slightly permeable to water. They are
available as 12.5% ready–to–use solutions in propan–2–ol–acetone (60 : 40). Solutions are colorless or slightly yellow in color, and may be clear or
slightly turbid; they have an odor characteristic of the solvents. Solvent–free granules (Eudragit RL 100 and Eudragit RS 100) contain в‰Ґ97% of the
dried weight content of the

Extreme Sports Not About Risk Taking Essay
The extreme sports world is very unique, with a wide variety of sports to choose from and risks that come along with them. Risks, although they do
create a lot of adrenaline, are not the main reason why these extreme athletes participate in these sports. There's a lot more to the extreme sports world
than just the adrenaline junkies and risk takers, believe it or not there is a lot more serenity in the sports than thought to be. Extreme athletes are not all
about the adrenaline rush, there is something much deeper than that, it is where they find their peace. The variety of these exciting sports go
anywhere from BMX biking to Deep Sea Diving, each of them with their own risks, yet people still come back for more. You would think that
considering all the dangerous factors people would be hesitant to try them, let alone continue to do them for the rest of their lives. This notion is
completely wrong, in the article Extreme Sports Not About Risk–taking: Study written by Clare Davidson, Dr. Brymer finds out ... Show more content
Yes, these sports are extremely dangerous when not performed properly and do come with incredible amounts of adrenaline as they are being done,
but this is not the reason theses athletes enjoy them. Everyone has their own likings and activities in order to relax, some sit in a hot tub, some knit,
and some of us take part in sports. I have never done an extreme sport but, I do participate in multiple sports, lots of people ask me why I do them and
how can I relax while i'm running around a field or court. The sport itself gets me away from all the stress and pressures in my life, while i'm
participating in a sport I love I am focused completely on the sport itself and nothing else, I have no worries. These extreme athletes are no different
from everyone else who enjoys their free time, they just handle it

The Effects Of Caffeine, Caffeine And Nicotine
Introduction This lab covered the effects of caffeine, nicotine, caffeine extract and nicotine extract on the pulsation rates of Lumbriculus variegatus,
commonly known as blackworms. The circulatory system consists of the heart and the blood vessels that circulate blood throughout the organism's
body. Blackworms do not possess a respiratory system or a heart, thus they circulate their blood through contractions of the blood vessels. The
pulsation rate was observed along the dorsal blood vessel near the posterior end of the worm to give better readings. The various drugs were exposed
to the black worm and the effects it had on the pulsation rate were observed. The results found in this experiment could also relate to the effects of these
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
1). Another study shows that nicotine stimulates the adrenal medulla to secrete hormones such as epinephrine and norepinephrine which are responsible
for the increase in the pulsation rate (George, "Effects of smoking on cardiovascular function: the role of nicotine and carbon monoxide", 2015, pp.
278–280).
Methods
The experiment was conducted using six worms, where three were used for one treatment and the other three for a different treatment level.
Initially, the worm was transferred to a parafilm slide containing some water and placed under a dissecting microscope. Application sticks were
used to place the worm on the mark and an additional light was placed to observe. The focus was on the posterior end of the worm to obtain the
basal pulsation rate. A timer was used to record the basal pulsation rate for 15 seconds, then the result was multiplied by 4 to get the number of
beats per minute and this was repeated for two more trials. Same methods were used to measure the pulsation rate of two additional worms and the
data were recorded. Next, the same three worms were removed from each slide and placed inside three vials containing nicotine at a concentration of
0.05mM. The worms were placed for 15 minutes and then were transferred sequentially to the parafilm slide to be viewed under the dissecting
microscope. The pulsation rate was recorded for 15 seconds, then multiplied by 4 to get the number of beats per minute and this was repeated for

Cardiac Arrest And Cardiac Death
Sudden cardiac arrest is a condition in which the heart suddenly and unexpectedly stops beating. When this occurs the blood flow stops to the brain
and vital organs. Sudden cardiac arrest is not the same as a heart attack or myocardial infarction. A heart attack is when the blood flow to part of the
heart is blocked.(ADD MORE)
Without early intervention on average 360,000 people out of the hospital succumb to cardiac arrest. " Cardiac arrest and sudden death account for 60
percent of all deaths from coronary artery disease",(Bledsoe, Porter, & Cherry, 2011,2007,2004, p. 1229) [Click and drag to move] There are several
causes of sudden cardiac arrest. Most are caused by ventricular fibrillation. "During ventricular fibrillation, the ventricles do not beat normally. Instead
they quiver rapidly and irregularly." When this occurs, the heart pumps very little and blood does not get circulated throughout the body. " Most of the
cases found with sudden cardiac death are related to undetected cardiovascular disease.("Sudden Cardiac Death," 2015, para. 2)Sudden cardiac arrest
are immediate and drastic that includes sudden collapse, no pulse, not breathing, and loss of consciousness. "Four rhythms produce pulseless cardiac
arrest: ventricular fibrillation, rapid ventricular tachycardia, pulseless electrical activity and asystole."("Circulation ," 2005, p. IV–58)Other signs and
symptoms that could occur prior to sudden cardiac arrest, include fatigue, fainting, blackouts, dizziness,

Thomas 's Case For Ptsd Essay
Thomas's Case It is evident from Thomas's case that he presents "textbook" symptomology of PTSD. It is reported that Thomas currently seeks
medical care at a VA clinic and complains of both back and neck pain which frustrates him because he seems to feel that he is being misdiagnosed
due to the fact that no physical anomalies are present. The VA clinicians are taking themselves off the hook by transferring blame onto Thomas
claiming, "that it's all in (his) head." Thomas's case file reveals that he possesses some cognitive deficits and claims to have been suicidal in the
past. Thomas reports being a military member who has seen combat, which means he has been exposed to the "horrors of war" in a high stressed
environment. In fact he reports witnessing one of "his brother(s)" being hit by a friendly fire and dying. According to the DSM V, Thomas meets
criterion A for PTSD because he had direct exposure to a traumatic event (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). As one can see and perhaps
empathize with is that Thomas is not only suffering from physical pain, but he also has to carry the emotional burden of what came from witnessing
the traumatic event of "his brother ('s)" death. On top of all this, if one digs a bit deeper into Thomas's family history, one will come across a
disorganized attachment within the family unit; which is another added level of stress that he has to carry around. Being a social worker in training at
a grand caliber institute of

Notes On Carvedilol
4. Drug and Excipients Profile: 4.1 Drug Profile:62 4.1.1 Carvedilol phosphate: Synonyms: Carvedilol; Carvedilolum [Latin] Chemical Formula:
C24H26N2O4 Chemical Name (IUPAC): (2RS)–1–(9H–Carbazol–4–yloxy)–3–[[2–(2–methoxyphenoxy)ethyl]amino]propan–2–ol phosphate salt (1:1)
hemihydrate. CAS Registry Number: 72956–09–3 Structural Formula: Description: Carvedilol phosphate is a nonselective ОІ–adrenergic blocking
agent with О±1–blocking activity. Carvedilol phosphate is a white to almost–white solid with a molecular weight of 513.5 (406.5 carvedilol free base)
and a molecular formula of C24H26N2O4H3PO41/2 H2O. Half life: 6–8 h Melting Range: 148–150 В°C Log P: 3.5 pKa: 7.4 BCS Class: Class II
drug Bioavailability: 25–35% Solubility: Free soluble... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The ratio of free carboxyl groups to the ester is approximately 1 : 1 in Eudragit L (Type A) and approximately 1 : 2 in Eudragit S (Type B). Both
polymers are readily soluble in neutral to weakly alkaline conditions (pH 6–7) and form salts with alkalis, thus affording film coats that are resistant to
gastric media but soluble in intestinal fluid. They are available as a 12.5% solution in propan–2–ol without plasticizer (Eudragit L 12.5 and S 12.5);
and as a 12.5% ready–to–use solution in propan–2–ol with 1.25% dibutyl phthalate as plasticizer (Eudragit L 12.5 P and S 12.5 P). Solutions are
colorless, with the characteristic odor of the solvent. Eudragit L–100 and Eudragit S–100 are white free–flowing powders with at least 95% of dry

Epipen Company Case Analysis
Overview
Considering our upcoming press conference, it is important to remember that we all represent Mylan and coordinate the message we want to project
out in public. Bearing in mind the recent distractions, we need to reaffirm who we are and what we stand for. It is imperative to reiterate that Mylan is
a cutting edge, innovative company that delivers high–quality, lifesaving products. Situation
A recent price adjustment of our EpiPen Auto–Injector product has triggered a media firestorm. Suddenly, our organization is under a microscope and
we are facing pressure from the public and government entities alike. Outraged parents many government officials are calling for investigation into our
company and our practices. All this negative ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The EpiPen Auto–Injector's contribution to our company's financial performance currently represents about 10 %. Additionally, Mylan's sales revenue
from two pack EpiPen is approximately 45%, which covers manufacturing, distributing, enhancing, and investing in future development of high–quality
products.
We need to reaffirm our position as a company delivering high–quality products. One of our competitors suffered from product recall due to possibility
of delivering incorrect dosage. The rest our competing products captured only about 7% of market share due to reluctance of customer switching
products. Therefore, this is an evidence of our customer trusting and preferring our EpiPen over competing products.
Doing our art in saving lives, we have increased an access to EpiPen by issuing a saving card to users that will effectively cut the cost of two pack
EpiPen by $300. In addition, we have doubled the eligibility for patient assistance program, which practically eliminates out of pocket cost for
uninsured or underinsured families and

Dna Rna And : Dna Replication
1. The process where a cell passed its DNA sequence onto another cell is known as DNA replication. This process usually took place in the S phase
cell cycle through mitosis where the copy of DNA molecule are segregated and cytoplasm open up leading to cell division. In order for the process to
happen, an enzyme helicase must hack the hydrogen bond where the DNA "unzip" and "unwind" to establish two open template. DNA polymerase
then replace the RNA primer by adding new complementary nucleotides to the templates by following the base pairing rules––A=T, C=G, G=C, and
T=A. Once the process is complete, two new sisters DNA strand are produce identical to the original strand. 2. This template is an 6 amino acid
(CAT CTA ACC CCA GAG GAG ), where each codon is a triplet code for one amino acid. This template has to be transcript into (GTA GAT TGG
GGT CTC CTC) where it then can be translate into mRNA. The translation of mRNA shows each codon for a particular amino acid (GUA GAU
UGG GGU CUC CUC). The new amino acid that has been translated can now be used to create haemoglobin protein (Val Asp Trp Gly Leu Leu). 3.
GTA GAT TGG GGT CAC CTC [Sickle Cell Anemia] GTA GAT TGG GGT CTC CTC [Normal hemoglobin] CAT CTA ACC CCA GAG GAG
[Template Strand] In comparison of the template strand and normal cell with the sickle cell stand, there is a coding error on the second last triplet.
The template strand has a GAG and normal response of CTC, however the sickle cell

Catecholamines and Cortisol Help to Fight Stress
When stress occurs, our bodies respond by releasing hormones that help our bodies deal with the stress. Catecholamines (epinephrine and
norepinephrine) and cortisol are hormones that are major players in the stress response (McCance & Huether, 2010).
Catecholamines share some common physiologic actions with cortisol. Catecholamines and its metabolic actions are similar to those of cortisol. Both
catecholamines and cortisol cause an increase in blood glucose through increased gluconeogenesis (McCance & Huether, 2010). Gluconeogenesis is the
production of glucose when the activation of certain enzymes occur (McCance & Huether, 2010). Both epinephrine and cortisol also cause an increase
in blood glucose by preventing cells in the body from the uptake of glucose and decreasing the effects of insulin (Judd, n.d.). Catecholamines and
cortisol both cause an increase in cardiac output and an increase in blood pressure as well (McCance & Huether, 2010). Catecholamines do this by
enhancing myocardial contractility, increasing heart rate, and increasing the blood (venous) returning to the heart (McCance & Huether, 2010).
Cortisol aids in this effect by increasing the amount of receptors that epinephrine and norepinephrine can attach to (Judd, n.d.). Cortisol and
catecholamines both cause lipolysis is some areas of the body. This occurs in the extremities with cortisol, but most areas of the body with
catecholamines (McCance & Huether, 2010). Strangely enough, both

Epipen Research Paper
There is no doubt that the study of chemistry has changed the world dramatically. Under the right circumstances, many advances in the realm of
chemistry can save lives. The EpiPenВ® has been a wonderful chemical developed tool, aiding in potentially lethal allergic reactions such as
anaphylaxis. It is important to understand what an EpiPenВ® is, and how it works to one day save a life if necessary. What will further be discussed
is what an EpiPenВ® is, how it is made, used, and how it works chemically in the human body.
The EpiPenВ® is an auto–injecting pen made with epinephrine. Epinephrine commonly known as adrenaline, is a chemical compound with the
formula C9H13NO3. Epinephrine is a sympathomimetic hormone, meaning a hormone that produces physiological effects in the body from the
sympathetic nervous system.2 Epinephrine, or adrenaline is naturally produced in the adrenal medulla. Upon its release in the body, causes
vasoconstriction or the shrinking of blood vessels, stimulates the heart, and opens up the bronchi in the lungs. Epinephrine is a compound classified as
a Catecholamine. A Catecholamine is a monoamine, an organic compound with a catechol and a side... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With just a very quick exposure to an allergen, anaphylaxis can occur immediately. Allergens can be anything from dust, food products such as
peanuts, shellfish, nuts, and even insects and sting like bees and wasp stings. Life threatening symptoms of anaphylaxis include dizziness,
unconsciousness, shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, and fast heart beat. The most serious threat to the human life during anaphylaxis is the lack
of oxygen, O2. With lack of O2 the brain begins to lose brain cells. The brain is in control of all the systems in the body as more time passes without
O2 organs begin to fail and the heart also stops beating.4 Other symptoms of swelling of the mouth, coughing, hives on the body, vomiting, and

The Concept Of Critical Care Nursing
The concept of critical care nursing has transformed intensely since its origin in the 1960's. The discipline of nursing and the specialty of critical care
nursing are expected to advance and transform, just the way health care delivery system has reformed over the last few decades (Morton & Fontaine,
2013). Never before have there been significant advancements in technology, surgeries, therapies, imaging alternatives, diverse procedures,
pharmacology and innovative research modalities being delivered to patients (World Health Organization, 2009). As a result, critical care nurses are
being challenged to explore their knowledge in order to integrate these sophisticated technologies and interventions to deliver competent,
evidence–based and holistic care to critically ill patients (Morton & Fontaine, 2013). The aim of this written assignment is to present an Intensive Care
Unit (ICU) case of Diltiazem Overdose (Deliberate self–Harm) who was admitted in a large metropolitan hospital in New Zealand (NZ). Care
provided to Mr. Jack (pseudonym) will be discussed and evaluated, with main focus on the nursing care delivered which contributed to Jack's outcome
in the Critical Care Complex (CCC). The current trends, national epidemiological data, relevant NZ government health care strategies in place to
decrease the prevalence of Deliberate Self–Harm (DSH) will also be discussed. Jack, a 21 years old Maori male presented to the Emergency
Department at 0730 hours with his aunt and

Stress And Health : Stress
Stress and Health
J Dugger
Stress and Health. How does it effect you? Have you ever felt as if your life was reeling out of control or that your health was failing only to realize
there were core stressors at work causing your peril? This author can certainly relate. Much of this paper will relate to and deal with the stresses
suffered by a professional Firefighter/Paramedic in the United States and how this stress can effect mental and physical health.
Merriam–Websters dictionary defines stress as "a state of mental tension and worry caused by problems in your life, work, etc." (1). It can also be
described as "something that causes strong feelings of worry or anxiety" (1). There are many sources of stress in one 's personal and professional life.
The things that cause us stress are known as stressors (2 pg112). Some stress comes in the form of rational, instinctual fear. These stressors keep us
safe through instinct or learned behavior. An example of this stress would be one 's reaction to a loud, sudden noise which stresses our system
triggering a body alarm response designed to protect us from danger. Some examples of negative stressors are traffic, interpersonal issues, and long
lines at the grocery store. As it pertains to emergency work there are the obvious stressors of death and high pressure situations. There are also less
well known and more chronic stressors such as sleep deprivation and the simple activation of a loud alarm. All of

How To Deal Or Handle Stress?. People Always Hear That
How to deal or handle stress?
People always hear that stress has serious health risks and that it can cause grey hair or even to lose it! Constantly, people feel the strain with
balancing everything in life from family work and school to social events and trying to find time to relax. When people take a step back and view the
whole situation, many questions regarding stress may be thought up. Do we even understand what stress is? What can it really do to us? What is it?
What are the actual health risks? Is there anything good that can come from it? And finally what can be done to cope with stress?
First off, what is stress? Stress is "The state which is seen in response to internal or external stressors. Every system of the body responds ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
When stressed, men release a much smaller amount of oxytocin. With smaller doses of oxytocin being released, it is harder for men to relax and think
when stressed, also leading to bottle up emotions. Eventually men just get over it and move passed the situation that stressed them out. Men also tend
to avoid things or people that cause them stress or discomfort rather them approaching them, but in other cases when testosterone is high under stressed
conditions fighting is a common. (Why men and woman)
What diseases can come from stress? Over time, if you stress too much it can start to wear down your body and start to cause serious problems. Most
common diseases that are usually associated with stress include: diabetes, asthma, heart disease, headache, depression, worsen of depression,
pre–mature death, worsen of Alzheimer's and high blood pressure. Feeling stressed out can make you feel like you're not in control and hopeless, but
that's not the case. It's very important to learn how to cope with your stress so that you can enjoy every day and prevent these health problem in the
future (WebMD). Along with diseases, stress can dramatically affect yourbrain and mental health. When stress is introduced to a situation, our bodies
produce hormones that help us survive or conquer the difficult situation. Two of the main hormones produced are adrenaline andcortisol. Adrenaline is
used to give the host an extra boost of energy to help you

Midnight Shift Contract Essay
It was the end of my second day in a new emergency room where I was starting a midnight shift contract. Approximately 06:45 an EMS came into
one of my rooms with a patient stating he was having chest pain. The paramedic was giving me report and telling me that he was unsure about the
EKG he had obtained on the way in and that the patient had not been feeling well all night. Upon looking at the EKG I noted ST elevation, was able
to get a physician and additional assistance into the room within minutes. As staff was quickly working to connect the patient to the monitor, obtain
IV, EKG and labs the physician was assessing the patient. Shortly after we began our routine process of treatment for this patient he became
unresponsive and pulse was lost. Since everyone was already in the room we were able to begin CPR immediately and obtain a pulse within 2
minutes. The gentleman was then rushed to the cath lab where they were able to perform interventions and open up the blocked arteries. I can truly say
that during this situation I was scared to death. All I could think was, "this is someone's spouse," "this is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As any family member would be, she was panicked. She was not sure if her husband would make it through the surgery or if she would be left
without a husband when it was all over. With this being an Arabic family I knew she was in need of having the rest of her family close by to help
her through this process. She was able to get in touch with some other family members who quickly came to be with her. She was assured that
everything possible was being done to make sure her husband had many more days with her and their children. Being able to comfort this family for
a short time made a huge impact to improve this situation for them. As a nurse I feel it is our job to take care of not only the patient but also the

The Medical And Scientific Aspect Of Happiness
Is Happiness Within Our Grasp of Understanding Happiness is a very broad yet complex topic to discuss. While most people try to explain happiness
with philosophy, I will be writing more about the medical and scientific aspect of happiness. There are two schools of thought on happiness, first one
being social happiness and the second one being solitary happiness with me learning towards the former over the ladder. Medically, happiness comes
down to a handful of chemicals (also called neurotransmitters) in the brain and if you are happy or not it comes down to the levels of these chemicals in
the brain.
Endocannabinoids or also known as the bliss chemical, contrary to popular belief adrenaline is not a cause of runner 's high as it can not cross the
blood brain barrier but endocannabinoids levels are elevated after a run suggesting that endocannabinoids are the cause of runner 's high. This is in the
same group of chemicals that cannabis' THC is in. The Endocannabinoid system is not found in all animals, it is mainly found in mammals most
notable humans and canines. Not very well known but this is main feel good neurotransmitter.
The reward neurotransmitter called dopamine is the chemical that causes you to feel good after you reach a set goal you have made. Most drugs make
people happy by causing dopamine to remain in the synaptic cleft longer which is the space between where the neurons (brain cells in this case) touch
other cells. Risk seekers have elevated

Daphnia Lab Essay
Daphnia and Additives Lab
Purpose
The purpose of this lab is to test what effect of Nicotine, Acetylcholine, Epinephrine, Caffeine, and Ethanol on an organism's heart rate.
Materials
* Microscope * Eye dropper * Pipet * Cotton balls * Depression slide * Beakers * Daphnia * Water * Five additives: Nicotine,Acetylcholine,
Epinephrine, Caffeine, Ethanol
Procedure
1. Put on safety goggles. 2. Catch a living Daphnia. 3. Transfer to a depression slide and add water. 4. Add cotton ball fibers to restrict movement of the
Daphnia. 5. Establish the resting heart rate of the Daphnia. Count the amount of beats for ten seconds then multiply that number by six to convert it to
beats/min. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A slowed heart rate and the associated fall in the rate of expulsion of blood from the heart is sufficient to maintain body function during rest, and
conserves energy in the heart under conditions where its supply (and the supply of oxygen in the blood) are diminished. A drug that slows heart rate is
called a negative chronotrope.
Epinephrine/adrenaline: Heart rate is increased by the sympathetic nervous system and the hormone adrenaline circulating in the blood via activation of
cell surface receptors in

Nervous Systems : The Nervous System Essay
So, the sympathetic nervous system sets off a reaction and it "causes your adrenal glands to release large amounts of adrenaline" (ibid.). You may feel
the sudden jolt with an accompanying "feeling of dread and terror." It is not in your imagination! A lower level stress does this in the body too. Let's
continue.
"Within seconds, the excess adrenaline can cause:
1) your heart to race,
2) your respiration to become rapid and shallow,
3) profuse sweating,
4) trembling and shaking, and
5) cold hands and feet." (ibid.).
Your sympathetic nervous system also produces muscle contractions. This is the freeze part of fight and flight. It can lead you to experience strong
contractions in your chest or throat and feeling like you can 't breathe.
"Other reactions caused by the sympathetic nervous system include excess release of stomach acid, inhibition of digestion, release of red blood cells
by the spleen, release of stored–up sugar by the liver, increase in metabolic rate, and dilation of the pupils." (ibid.).
When I first read this years ago, I instantly thought migraine attack. So, you might experience an extreme flush of adrenaline and you might not. But
don't be fooled, the body prepares for each attack and this places stress on the body.
On a smaller level the hypothalamic в€’ pituitary в€’
adrenal gland also known as the HPA axis controls the stress response. Thehypothalamus, in the
brain, regulates basic bodily functions like: stress, body temperature, hunger, sleep and

Adrenal Glands
Adrenaline is a hormone that the adrenal glands produce. They are produced during times of stress or excitement. This is a powerful hormone that is
a part of the body's flight or fight response. It works by diluting air passages, contracting blood vessels and stimulating the heart. This helps supply the
lungs with more oxygen and increase blood flow to the muscles. What Are The Adrenal Glands? The adrenal glands can be found above the kidneys.
They are about three inches long. Adrenaline is one of the hormones that these glands release. Dopamine, adrenaline and norepinephrine are
catacholomines which are hormones that the body releases during times of stress. These hormones affect different tissues in the body. They prepare the
body to react... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The body reacts shortly, which gives a person a boost that is nearly instant. Speed and strength increase. Pain response decreases. This hormonal
surge is often called an adrenaline rush. Side Effects Not only does a person notice an increase in performance and strength, but he or she will also
experience increased respiration and heightened awareness. The person may also feel dizzy, lightheaded and experience vision changes. The effects
may last up to one hour. If a person is stressed but not actually in danger, then he or she may feel irritable and tired. This is because adrenaline
stimulates the release of glucose and raises blood sugar. Many people find that working off this adrenaline rush is beneficial after a stressful situation.
In the past, people would handle stressful situations by fighting. However, stressful situations in the modern world may not involve physical activity.
Extra energy can be used up through exercise. Even though adrenaline can be useful for helping a person survive, it can be harmful over time. This
hormone can put a lot of stress on the heart. Excessive adrenaline can lead to heart failure. High levels of adrenaline can also cause insomnia and a
jittery

How Does Stress Affect The Immune System?
Question Set A:
1.When we experience stress, how is the endocrine system activated? How does it become deactivated?
The stress response involved the HPA–hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. First, the hypothalamus activates the sympathetic nervous system. The
adrenal gland then secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine, which increase heart rate. The pituitary gland produces hormones that tell the adrenal
gland to secrete cortisol, which is involved with the release of stored energy. The negative feedback loop comes into effect when the hypothalamus
detects that the cortisol has reached a certain concentration, thus returning the body to homeostasis.
2.How does stress directly affect the immune system?
Stress negatively impacts the ability of the immune system to fight infection. Glucocorticoids, which include cortisol in the HPA, inhibit responses of
both B and T cells by preventing them from recognizing interleukin (a cytokine subclass) signals. Glucocorticoids also inhibit the expression of fc
receptors on macrophages, which impacts their ability to phagocytose pathogens.
3.What is the difference between allostasis and homeostasis?
Allostasis is the process of achieving homeostasis, or internal balance, through behavioral, HPA/hormonal, and other physiological changes.
Homeostasis is when the body maintains stability despite environmental stressors or changes, such as a change in temperature.
4.How do ulcers arise?
Stress is not the only factor in the development of

Epinephrine Experiment
In the lab, we investigated what effects an injection of epinephrine would have on a cockroach's running speed and righting response. The righting
response occurs when the cockroach is placed on it's back; the cockroach will right itself to return to it's feet. Epinephrine is a hormone that is involved
in the fight or flight response. Epinephrine is also a catecholamine. When the body feels threatened, epinephrine is released, allowing the body to have
energy to respond to this threat. One effect that the release of epinephrine has on the body is an increased heart rate. The increase in heart rate allows
the tissues to have an adequate supply of blood. The data we collected in the investigation is showcased in the chart below. Righting ResponseRunning
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
S., Chung, M. K., Ye, J. C., & Jeon, D. (2014). Tracing the evolution of multi–scale functional networks in a mouse model of depression using
persistent brain network homology. Neuroimage, 101, 351–363. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.07.040
Mo, C., Renoir, T., & Hannan, A. J. (2014). Ethological endophenotypes are altered by elevated stress hormone levels in both huntington's disease and
wildtype mice. Behavioural Brain Research, 274, 118–127. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2014.07.044
Sampath, D., Sabitha, K. R., Hegde, P., Jayakrishnan, H. R., Kutty, B. M., Chattarji, S., . . . Laxmi, T. R. (2014). A study on fear memory retrieval and
REM sleep in maternal separation and isolation stressed rats. Behavioural Brain Research, 273, 144–154. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2014.07.034
Widmaier, E., Raff, H., & Strang, K. (2014). Vander's human physiology: The mechanisms of body function. (13th ed.). Boston:

Epi-Pen Saved My Life Analysis
An epi–pen is typically used when a person has an allergic reaction to a substance or material. An Epi–Pen contains a drug known as epinephrine.
Epinephrine is a synthetic version of adrenaline. Allergies stresses the body, consecutively, impeding the person to breath. With adrenaline from the
epinephrine the body will have a burst of energy helping the body to process everything rapidly and making the person able to breathe again. In the
text "How 12 EpiPens Saves My Life" the author Ali Jafee establishes common ground, uses real life occurrence to establish credibility and appeals to
the audience emotions through her ongoing encounters with the Epi–pen for the purpose of delivering a message of how essential epinephrine is for
those who have allergies. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She establishes common ground by the constant usage of the words "we" "us" and "are". Appealing to people who use or carry Epi–Pen with them
and including people into the situation. By the constant use of these phrases the audience will feel included and have an emotional attachment. For
example, the author writes "The reality is we, are spending money on a product we how never to use, but sometimes, we don't have a choice." (Jafee
4). This signifies how the author dictation is a persuasive tool to connect with the audience. Furthermore, she rationalizes on the topic by intensifying
the importance of an epinephrine. To clarify, Jafee points out how an Epi–Pen is not a choice. Meaning, an epinephrine holds an immense power
determining whether the person lives or not. Consecutively, Jafee addresses the main issue while making the audience view the issue at hand the same
way she

Blood Glucose Regulation
LABORATORY REPORT
(Click on the Save a Copy button on the panel above to save your report)
Activity:
Name:
Instructor:
Date:
Blood Glucose Regulation
Sandra Shakur
January 25, 2015
Predictions
1. Plasma glucose levels will be highest immediately after the meal (0 hr).
2. Plasma ketone levels will be highest
1–3 hours after the meal.
3. Plasma insulin levels will be highest before the meal (fasting).
4. Plasma glucagon levels will be highest before the meal (fasting).
Materials and Methods
1. Name the Dependent Variable. plasma levels of glucose, ketones, insulin, and glucagon
2. Name the Independent Variable. food and beverage intake
3. Name the Controlled Variables. gender, age, BMI; physical activity, caffeine and alcohol intake
4. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If values are similar for several time points, then give range of times when plasma insulin/glucagon concentration was highest.
1 hour post meal was when the insulin/glucagon concentration was the highest.
6. When was plasma insulin/glucagon concentration lowest? If values are similar for several time points, then give range of times when plasma insulin

/glucagon concentration was lowest.
Fasting was when the insulin/glucagon concentration levels were the lowest
Discussion
1. Explain how insulin changed plasma glucose concentration over the course of the experiment.
Insulin changed the plasma glucose levels by raising them from the fasting to 1 hour mark but reduced down at hour 3 to almost the same level as
fasting.
2. Explain how glucagon changed plasma glucose concentration over the course of the experiment.
When glucagon was at it's lowest, plasma concentration was at its highest. As glucagon levels came down so did the plasma glucose levels.
3. Explain what caused the change in plasma ketone concentration over the course of the experiment.
Ketones were high during fasting and low after eating because they were needed at first to generate ATP.
4. Explain how negative feedback caused the changes in plasma insulin concentration observed during the experiment.
Blood glucose controls secretion of glucogen and insulin through negative feedback.
5. Explain how negative feedback caused the changes in plasma glucagon concentration observed during the experiment.

Senior Speech Research Paper
Lucas Allara
DeHart
Ms. Jones
9 September 2016
Senior Speech
On April 9, 1982 in Anthony Vincent Cavallo II, a teenager at that time, has jacked up his 1964 Chevy Impala in the driveway to work on its
suspension in Lawrenceville, Georgia. After he removed the rear suspension spring, the jack slipped away leaving Anthony clamped between the top
of the rear wheel and the top of the fender of a 3,340 – 3,895 pound car. His 50 year old mother Angela, who was 5–foot–8 and just barely over 120 lbs
rushed to his aid. In this moment she experienced the "fight or flight" situation and the adrenaline set in. She was able to lift the car that weighed 30
times more than she did, nearly six inches off the ground for five minutes, allowing her son to fight his ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is normally produced by both the adrenal glands and certain neurons. It is commonly used as a medicine in a number of conditions such as cardiac
arrest, anaphylaxis, and superficial bleeding. It plays an important role in the fight–or–flight response by increasing blood flow to muscles, output of the
heart, pupil dilation, and blood sugar. The fight–or–flight response is a physiological reaction that occurs in response to a perceived harmful event,
attack, or threat to survival. In a stressful situation you feel your heart start racing and your hands start to sweat. This triggers the fight–or–flight
response which opens up the adrenal medulla gland in response to your nervous system. Epinephrine is then released into your system to prepare you
for danger. It triggers the blood vessels to contract to re–direct blood toward major muscle groups, including the heart and lungs. While this process
occurs the ability for ones' body to feel pain decreases and strength and performance increases. Which is why some people are able to keep running or
moving even after they have been injured. After the situation has been dealt with the adrenaline will last up to an

The Fight-Or-Flight Response
The fight–or–flight response is a very important reaction of the human body. It can help us decide whether a situation is suitable to fight back or flee
for safety. In many ways the fight–or–flight response can be useful in a stressful setting that would be difficult to decide for ourselves. Think of it as a
bodyguard, it protects you when your body is faced with a risky situation. Likewise, it can tell your brain if a setting is too dangerous to fight in and
would be better to just run. The fight–or–flight response is a real thing and not an excuse to act cowardly in dangerous situations. Studies have proven
extensive research done by Walter Cannon on the autonomic nervous system and noticeable side effects such as: the chills, increased ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are many symptoms associated with the physiological responses of the fight–or–flight including dilation of pupils, increased and more rapid
heart rate, and acceleration in the respiratory system. The fight–or–flight response is a very important and crucial response both mentally and
physically that is a building block for the human body. Without it, humans may not be as adapted to the dangerous and stressful environment we call
our world. Finally, to summarize the steps of the fight–or–flight response. First, a threat or stimuli are perceived by the retina and signals are sent to the
brain. Next, the brain processes the signals and determines whether the threat is real. Then, the adrenal medulla is sent synapses from the cerebrum and
secretes a liquid with high levels of adrenaline called epinephrine. After that, the secreted adrenaline is mixed with glucose. Next, the adrenaline and
glucose are rushed throughout the bloodstream and to the muscles. The muscles then tense up and are given an extra boost of strength and speed.
Lastly, the muscles are used to either fight or

Combopen Ethical
According to Mark Baum, "The cost of epinephrine is literally less than a Big Mac of EpiPens ingredient. The auto injector is available between $3
and $7" (Egan). The history of the EpiPen provides background for reasonable prices and accessibility. CEO of Mylan Pharmaceutical Company
raises prices too high for average consumer. Price hike is unethical because it endangers life of those who can't afford it puts pharmacists profit above
value of life. The Mylan Pharmaceutical Company is being unethical in its outrageous price increase of the EpiPen, making it almost impossible for the
average consumer to purchase. "Sheldon Kaplan first invented the ComboPen, an auto–injector filled with nerve gas antidote, for the United States
military in... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The cost of three two–pack EpiPens is a total of $1,819. But some families can't even afford one pack of EpiPens let alone three of them. Most
parents buy their kids EpiPen around the start of school. So not only do they have to get school supplies and clothes they have to also spend money
for EpiPen. The EpiPen for 2016 is set at $608 but the company announced that it will be offering a less pricey generic version in the weeks ahead, it
will still carry a $300 per two–pack price tag, still leaving its prices for families at a high price. In 2007 the EpiPen price was $93 and in 2009 it was
$100. NBC News sent a new and an old version of the EpiPen to PA Consulting Group, a UK–based technology consulting firm. They are to design
new auto–injectors for pharmaceutical companies. So they tore the Epipens to their base components and laid out the parts. The first EpiPen torn
apart had a February 2009 expiration date, "there was a housing sleeve, needle cartridge and stopper, stopper driver, brass plunger, drive spring, release
collar, thrust washer, rear collar, and a safety cap" (Popken). The second EpiPen torn apart had a June 2015 expiration date, "there was a housing,
needle cartridge and stopper, plastic plunger, drive spring, release collar, and safety cap, as well as a needle shroud control clips, and a rear case"

Endorphins Research Paper
Endorphin Central nervous system produces endorphins. Endorphins can release pain by activating brain. Endorphins are produced when we feel
happiness such as when we eat, and sleep. Moreover, when we take a hot bath, or after the work out our body produce good amount of endorphins. If
we have enough endorphins the body and mental can keep stable and healthy. The interesting fact that I found is marathon runners achieve "runner's
high" by producing endorphins. Because they are running long distance body gets tired and endorphins are produced to release those pain. Endorphins
also make them feel better, so they can run faster than normal. Opioid Opioid are drug that are used to release pain and anxiety. Emotion is controlled
and if patients

My Story About My Trainer Essay
"Just take a few deep breaths and relax", says my trainer as I feel beads of sweat running down my forehead. My whole body is numb and my mind
is racing while I try and recall everything I had learned. I look into the crowd and just see darkness. I can hear people chanting my name. The lights
are all shining on me. I look across the ring and see my opponent. He stares me down but the look on his face does not phase me. I turn around as my
trainer gives me the last piece of advice. Then the bell rings. I take a few steps forward and immediately run into what feels like a brick wall. My
opponent hits me straight in the face with a punch. How did I get here?
I fell in love with boxing the moment I stepped into the gym about two years ago. The first thing I saw were two guys sparing and all of the sudden
one of them took a punch to the face and fell to the ground. The loud boom of his body hitting the canvas was like nothing I had ever seen before. I
could not wait to get in the ring. I started boxing lessons because I wanted to learn some type of self–defense and it was the most convenient. When I
stepped into the ring for the first time and started doing drills I found out I was pretty good. I was shocked because I had never done anything like
this before, but it felt great to be naturally talented at something. I did not want my talent to go to waste so I stuck with.
I eventually fell so in love with it that I gave up basketball, which was a sport I had

Mcshane And Von Glinow: The Effects Of Stress
According to McShane and Von Glinow, stress is a physiological and psychological response to a situation that is perceived as challenging or
threatening to us (2015, p. 110). The human body reacts to stress with headaches, stomach aches, diarrhea, nausea, increased heart rate and blood
pressure, muscle tightness, back pain, sweating, and increased production of cortisol and adrenaline (fight or flight hormones) (Stress management – the
effects of stress, 2015). If left unmanaged, stress can affect the body's immune system to fight off infection and disease and lead to depression and
anxiety. Individuals who have persistent high blood pressure and don't manage their stress levels are more likely to have heart disease, heart attacks
and strokes (McShane & ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are many different types of coaches: athletic, personal appearance, image, executive, life, financial, gardening, and weight loss/fitness coaches. A
personal coach can help a person establish a work–life balance, become more productive, and set and achieve goals (Lockwood, n.d.). A personal
coach is not a therapist; they deal with the present and help the client reach their greatest potential. While some see coaching as a selfish luxury,
those who have benefitted from it would disagree. Friends will often tell us what we want to hear and accept the excuses we make for ourselves as
to why we haven't met our goals. A personal coach is a neutral third party whose job is to hold their client accountable for meeting the goals they
have set, provide support and be a sounding board (Lockwood, n.d.). Sometimes a coach will have to first help a client determine what the solutions
are and how they will achieve them. Once the plan is in place, the coach is there to provide accountability and support. A personal coach will provide
skill–based tools and strategies to encourage success as well as ask questions and provide assignments that push them past their comfort

The Amygdala Neural Study
The interpretation of stress is believed to occur in the cerebral cortex of the brain based upon sensory and other input (such as from chemo–receptors).
The two categories of stress act through somewhat different neurological mechanisms, but the general features are similar. Cognitive processes are
involved in the assessment of the input for both categories as to whether the input represents a potential threat in a routine manner. The amygdala
appears to have a central role in the stress response [46, 47]. Amygdala neurons release corticotropin–releasing hormone (CRH) which has two major
effects: it causes the brain stem (including the rostral ventrolateral medulla) to stimulate the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) through spinal nerves,
and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They have become smaller and lighter (much less cumbersome), are much more accurate in their measurement ability, and, as with all technological
advancement, are significantly cheaper to use. To begin the process of collecting ambulatory blood pressure data, the monitor is first initialized via a
computer, using manufactures–provided software. After initialization, the monitor should be calibrated to a mercury column or gauge by taking
simultaneous auscultatory measurements on the study subject. There are two ways to determine what the specific conditions are during each
individual ambulatory blood pressure measurement. The first is through direct observation. Specifically, a person other than the study subject
continuously watches and records, either in a journal or electronically, the extant conditions when the monitor goes off. The second method involves
having subjects self–report the ambient conditions in a diary. Specifically, subjects write down or input in a computer the various parameters that are
manifest when the blood pressure cuff inflates, including both personal and environmental

The Definition Of Your Demise, Stress
The Definition Of Your Demise, Stress
By N. Anglin | Submitted On March 22, 2014
Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share
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this article on Pinterest
Expert Author N. Anglin
Stress is like a nagging sister. Disclaimer: not saying I have one of these or anything.
She pulls our hair, pokes us when we 're concentrating, and to reflect a bit, embarrassed us when we brought a new "date" home in high school.
The effects stress has on you both mentally and physically is killing you.
A day in the not so distant past, I was a part of the re–stocking initiative (sound fancy?) to replace the wheels and brakes for an A320. This project was
a little shy of $100,000 and had several risky obstacles to stay on budget.
One of these obstacles was dealing with a new third party to handle repairs. If you know me, any "new" third party makes me sweat. With no history,
we had no true knowledge of how they did things. It was a gamble.
2 weeks pass with several updates along the way. On the 14th day of the second week we called to check up on things, you know, the nosy in your
face check up. They claimed that our account manager was fired and they never received our purchase order.
I about blew a gasket.
They went on to tell our

Importance of Adrenaline Glands
As I stepped up to the plate in the final inning of the baseball game, my primary focus was finding a way to score the runner on second base for the
game–winning run. Second base is only 120 short feet away from home plate, so I thought this would be easy. To do it, I would have to hit the ball
into the outfield and have it land on the ground without it being caught by a defender. I had already gotten two hits in three at bats earlier in the game,
and I knew that nothing would be sweeter than to finish it off with a game–winning hit. The biggest, baddest, and fastest–throwing pitcher around was
on the mound for the rival team; I knew he would give me everything he had to get me back from the last at bat. The intensity of the moment had my
heart beating like a drum. The first pitch missed outside; the second pitch missed inside. As I went up 2–0 in the count, I could see the frustration on
the pitcher's face. They called him "Big Red", and that overgrown eighth grader gave me a look as if he wanted to kill me. I found this hilarious,
which fueled his fire. My baseball knowledge helped me to determine that I would be watching the next pitch go by, ball or strike. Then, it
happened. "Crack!" The third pitch, delivered at 75 mph, came inside on me and shattered the backside of my right hand. The alarming noise took
the air out of the crowd (especially my mom) as I fell to the ground. As I laid on the ground, the crowd was so quiet that you could hear a pin drop.

Case Study: Aggregate Focused Health Needs Assessment
Community Health Education Project
Aggregate Focused Health Needs Assessment
The Elisabeth Morrow School is a private school providing education for children in grade kindergarten through eighth grade. The school encompasses
three educational buildings, with three additional resource buildings including a gymnasium, science lab, and library. The Elisabeth Morrow School
sits on a 14–acre campus and provides a unique educational experience for over 400 students. The Elisabeth Morrow School healthcare services are
provided by two licensed Registered Nurses, with a combined 30 years of experience in school nursing.
Over the past decade, the prevalence and multitude of food allergies in students registering for kindergarten has risen substantially. The number of
students enrolled in the schools kindergarten program has remained constant, however, the number of kindergarten students with severe food allergies
continues to increase. The growing prevalence of severe food allergies in the kindergarten population requires a collaborative approach involving the
school nurse, parents, and all members of the learning community (Schoessler & White, 2014).
The increased prevalence of food allergies in school children, the rapid onset of symptoms and potentially fatal nature of anaphylaxis, combined with
the high risk of accidental exposure warrants significant action.
A study published in the Journal of School Nursing (Carlisle, et.al, 2014) found that 38% of school nurses

The Epipen's Ethical Case
Mylan is a company that is most widely known for their delivery system of epinephrine, an adrenaline that aids in moderate to severe allergic
reactions. Most recently, the company has seen their name in the headlines because of the actions that they have taken. Most notably, the 400%
increase in the price of their product, dubbed Epipen. Their chief executive officer, Heather Bresch has received most of the backlash because of her
questionable decision making. Under the ethics of care and Rawls theory of justice, Mylan and its CEO are engaged in unethical business dealings.
The ethic of care can be defined as, "an act motivated by an apprehension of the cared–for's reality, a receiving of the cared–for into the one–caring
such that the one–caring... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Continuing with the article by Thomas, Bresch had "angered" investors when Mylan moved its headquarters from America to the Netherlands. It was
also noted that Mylan used laws in it's new location to blocked a favorable take over by another pharmaceutical company. It is the duty and obligation
of Mylan, Bresch in particular, to satisfy the shareholders. A quote from class 6 stated, "[Y]ou can and should try to create friends at your company,
because underneath friendship is this concept of trust and respect" (Bryant, 2015). There is an inherent trust when a person becomes a shareholder. The
way that Bresch treated the shareholders would be grounds to retract that trust and in some investors eye, respect. Bresch should have informed
shareholders of the move to the Netherlands for the simple fact that it is a move that affects their investment. It was no guarantee that the company
would thrive in a foreign country so she put their money at risk without their input or approval. In addition to the move, Thomas' article stated that
many investors favored a takeover by another large pharmaceutical which was conveniently deflected because of Dutch law. This is also playing with
the money of the people that Bresch is obligated to care for. Investors must have seen advantages to being taken over by another company but were
upset when they learned that the potential buy out was

Essay on Stress: Causes And Effects
Stress: Causes and Effects Stress is an ongoing dilemma that occurs in each and everyone's life. It is a factor that is undoubtedly a part of daily
living. Due to the trivial problems that occur in people's daily lives massive amounts of stress can arise. People perceive and manage stress in many
different ways. The causes and effects of stress are numerous and one's ability to manage stress is vital in maintaining healthy living. First, stress is
defined as an unpleasant state of emotional and physiological arousal that people experience in situations that they perceive as dangerous or threatening
to their well being (Patel, 14). Stress is a universal feeling to everyone but the word stress means different things to... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Stress affects the body in many different ways. Many doctors estimate that stress is involved in more than half of all illnesses (Sapolsky, 21). Stress
may cause or prolong an illness or increase its severity. Epinephrine and norepinephrine are hormones that are released during a stress reaction that
affect organs throughout the body. As a result from the hormones being secreted, the heart begins to beat more rapidly, muscle tension increases, blood
pressure raises, and heavy breathing may occur. This reaction is known as the fight–or–flight response. The fight–or–flight response energizes the body
to either confront or flee from a threat. Heredity, learning, and injuries all play a role in determining where or when a stress related illness may occur
in a particular individual (Sapolsky, 22). Stress has been linked to many diseases or malady conditions. Stress hormones that act on the heart, blood
vessels, and lungs may contribute to heart disease, high blood pressure, and asthma (Feldman, 17). Diseases of the stomach and intestines are often
associated to stress because blood leaves these organs and moves to muscles used in running and fighting. Another difficulty is the prolonging increase
of blood sugar can influence the development of diabetes. Stress also appears to influence the development of cancer. Chronic stress can also interfere
with the body's immune system directly through hormonal changes. Glucocorticoids–a hormone

Fight Or Flight Response Papers
Have you ever been in a situation where you either ran away or fought it off? If you have then you have possibly experienced the fight or flight
response. The fight or flight response can be very beneficial to your survival, but in today's world it can also be very harmful to you.
Our fight or flight response originally protected us from saber tooth tigers (The Fight or Flight Response, paragraph 7). Today, most threats that we
encounter are not a threat to our survival. People are mostly worried about being late to work or school, phone's running out of power or even the gas
running out in your car. Nonetheless, these modern day threats trigger the activation of your fight or flight system as if your physical survival was
threatened. On a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Remember that the natural conclusion of fight or flight is vigorous physical activity. When we exercise, we metabolize excessive stress
hormones–restoring our body and mind to a calmer, more relaxed state.
For the purpose of stress reduction and counteracting the fight or flight response, we do not need to exercise for 30 to 40 minutes. Any form of
activity where we "work up a sweat" for five minutes will effectively metabolize off–and prevent the excessive buildup of–stress hormones. Get down
and do 50 pushups, 50 sit–ups, jumping jacks, jump rope, run in place, run up and down the stairs, whatever. By exercising to the point of sweating, we
effectively counteract the ill effects of the fight of flight response, drawing it to its natural conclusion.
Sometimes when I'm upset, I close the door to my office, do 25 quick pushups, work up a light sweat, and return to work, clearer and calmer.
Frequent repetitions of short exercise are easy to fit into our busy schedules. For full cardiovascular fitness, longer periods of exercise do have
additional benefits, but for the purpose of stress reduction, mini–exercise sessions are practical, effective and

The Epipen Case Study

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