THE END OF MILITARY RULE REPORTING REPORTING

The End of
Military
Rule
THE FALL OF
DICTATORSHIP

FACTORS THAT
LED TO THE
FALL OF THE
DICTATORSHIP

A. Opposition to Martial Law
in the 1970s
Popular anti-Marcos sentiment existed for the duration
of Martial Law. According to David Wurfel, there were
three paramount types of opposition to martial law
during the 1970s: reformist opposition,
revolutionary opposition, and religious opposition.

Reformist
Oppositio
n
- Also known as the legal
opposition, was composed of
members of the upper-middle
class.

The reformist opposition in the Philippines was a mix of middle
and upper-class groups, advocating for political reforms using
nonviolent tactics. Marcos tolerated them as long as they
couldn't replace him or gain mass support. The opposition was
divided on boycotting the Interim Batasang Pambansa (IBP)
elections. The Lakas ng Bayan (LABAN) party, led by
imprisoned former senator Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino Jr.,
participated, but was shut out, with Marcos' Kilusang Bagong
Lipunan (KBL) winning 91% of the IBP seats. The opposition
was unable to replace Marcos or gain mass support.

Revolutionar
y Opposition
The government’s use of communist and secessionist threats as
justification for Martial Law only contributed to the growth of the political
opposition and the amassing of recruits to the New People’s Army
(NPA) and the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) in the provinces
in the 1970s.

The Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) fought
against the Communist Party of the Philippines
(CPP) in 1973-77, sparking a war that resulted in
13,000 deaths and over a million displacements. The
CPP, opposed to the Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas
(PKP), established autonomous, regional chapters
throughout the Philippines, following the principle of
"centralized command, decentralized operations."
This allowed CPP cadres to experiment with local
tactics and survive the loss of many original leaders.

Religious
Oppositio
n- Martial Law also
faced opposition from
the religious sector.

.
Protestant churches have been protesting against the Marcos
dictatorship since 1972, holding mass protests and boycotting
campaigns for elections. The Catholic Church, which
sympathized with Marcos' anti-communism, maintained a
"critical collaboration" position, allowing it to carry out social
projects focusing on poverty alleviation and defending the
poor. However, provincial clergy became radicalized and
formed Christians for National Liberation, using Church social
action programs to secure foreign funding. In 1981, President
Marcos lifted martial law to calm Catholic Church opposition,
preparing for Pope John Paul II's state visit.

B. Marcos’ Health and the
Issue of Succession
In 1979, President Marcos' health began to deteriorate,
initially kept secret but becoming known after the
assassination of Ninoy Aquino. By mid-November 1984,
Marcos' Minister of Labor, Blas Ople, revealed the
situation, stating that he was "in control but could not
take major initiatives" due to his health issues, which
began a year ago.

On October 28, 1985, according to congressional and
US intelligence sources quoted by the Washington
Post, Marcos was diagnosed with an “incurable,
recurring sickness” called systemic lupus
erythematosus. Marcos’ diabetes further complicated
this disease. Marcos’ failing health, coupled with the
looming threat from the anti-capitalist left, led to
widespread concern for a stable succession among
the country’s economic elite—the main beneficiaries
of Martial Law’s crony capitalism

RESULTS
Jupiter is the biggest
planet in the Solar System
03
OBJECTIV
ES
Despite being red, Mars is
actually a cold place
01
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CONCLUSI
ONS
Saturn is a gas giant and
has several rings
04
METHODO
LOGY
Neptune is the farthest
planet from the Sun
02

PROBLEM STATEMENT
METHOD
0
3
Despite being red, Mars
is actually a cold place
ACTUAL
STATE
0
2
planet from the Sun
BACKGRO
UND
0
1
planet in the Solar
System

BATTLE EVENTS
DECEMBER
1916
Venus has a beautiful
name and is the second
planet from the Sun
OCTOBER
1916
is actually a cold place.
It’s full of iron oxide dust
APRIL 1916
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun and the
smallest one

BATTLE EVENTS
JULY 1936
full of iron oxide dust
APRIL 1917
smallest one
MARCH
1917
Saturn, the ringed planet,
is composed mostly of
hydrogen and helium

You can replace the image on the screen
with your own work. Just right-click on it
and select “Replace image”
A PICTURE
ALWAYS
REINFORCES THE
CONCEPT

ECONOMI
C
Venus has a beautiful
name and is the second
planet from the Sun
TERRITOR
IAL
actually a cold place. It’s
POLITICAL
smallest one of them all
STUDY OBJECTIVES

LITERATURE REVIEW
THEORY 1
Saturn, the ringed
planet, is composed
mostly of hydrogen and
helium
THEORY 2

TASK DESCRIPTION DATE
STAT
US
TASK I Venus has a beautiful name Jan 1 - Mar 15
TASK
2
Mercury is the smallest planet Feb 1 - Apr 30
TASK
3
Mars is a very cold place May 15 - Jun 30
THESIS SCHEDULE

A PICTURE IS
WORTH A
THOUSAND WORDS

METHODOLOGY
ANALYSI
S
planet of them all
COMPARI
SON
planet from the Sun
RESEAR
CH
Mercury is the smallest
planet of them all
100
%
30
%
50
%
20
%

RESULTS ANALYSIS
FRENCH
ARMY
planet of them all
CANADIA
N CORPS
planet of them all
GERMAN
DIVISION
S
Saturn is a gas giant
and has several rings
Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here
PARTICIPA
TING
TROOPS
30
%
25
%
45
%

MILITARY LOCATION
CANADA
VIMY
RIDGE
GERMA
NY
Despite being red,
Mars is actually a
cold place
Saturn is a gas
giant and has
several rings
Jupiter is a gas
giant and the
biggest planet

CONCLUSIONS
COSTS
Jupiter is the biggest planet
of them all
planet of them all
has several rings
FINANCIAL
PEACE
REVOLUTI
ON

$321,540,0
00
Big numbers are very useful

2,000,000
100,600
7,600

OCTOBER
1916
DECEMBE
R 1916
JANUARY
1917
JULY 1936
APRIL 1917
MARCH
1917
Jupiter is the biggest planet
of them all
has several rings
Earth is the third planet from
the Sun
planet of them all
planet from the Sun
IMPORTANT DATES

BIBLIOGRAPHIC
AL REFERENCES
● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication.
Publisher
Publisher
Publisher
Publisher
Publisher
Publisher
BATTLE
OF VIMY
RIDGE

DESKTOP
MOCKUP
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ALTERNATIVE RESOURCES

RESOURCES
VECTORS
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and monument
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PHOTOS
● Portrait of woman ready for duty
● History subject arrangement with
soldiers
ICONS
● Icon Pack: Military

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“Despite being red,
Mars is actually a
very cold place”
“Mercury is closest
planet to the Sun
and the smallest”
“Neptune is the
farthest-known
planet from the Sun”
“Saturn is a gas
giant and has
several rings”
“Venus has a
beautiful name and
is the second planet”
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