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THE EFFECTS OF
LOADING
By: Ghulam Muhyyudin
PSRD College of Rehabilitation Sciences,
Lahore.
LOAD IN TERMS OF FORCE
● Upon the application of a force on a particular body, as a result,
following effects are observed:
○ Acceleration (to cause movement)
○ Deformation
ACCELERATION DEFORMATION
When the force is acting on an
object, it will cause the body to
move in the direction of force.
The velocity with which the
body is moving will produce
acceleration in the body in the
direction of force. This
phenomenon was explained
by Newton.
If the rigidity of object is such
that it cannot endure the force
and eventually alters its
shape, is called deformation.
Such load will be deformation
load which can alter the
volume, length or shape of
object.
LOADING vs DEFORMATION
Upto the yield point, or within
the elastic limit of material, Load
is directly proportional to
temporary Deformation.
Load ∝ Deformation
or
Stress ∝ Strain
After the elastic limit, the plastic
region starts which results in
plastic or permanent
deformation.
After permanent deformation,
the point at which, the
substance breaks is called
failure point.
STIFFNESS
Stiffness is the extent to which
an object resists deformation in
response to an applied load. It
is also called elasticity or
elastic modulus.
● Brittle objects have more
stiffness and soft ones
have less
● It is identified by the
steepness of slope of load-
deformation graph.
● Stiffness ∝ θ
● Stiffness = tanθ =
load/deformation
REPETITIVE LOADS ACUTE LOADS
Repeated application of load
(force) of relatively low
magnitude.
Minimum load to cause injury to
Biological Tissues.
Causes chronic or stress injury
i.e. microtrauma.
Causes acute injury i.e.
macrotrauma
For example, toe-nail breakage
due to being hitten by the foot-
path or stairs, several times.
For example, bone fracture due
to automobile accident.
🟐 Here the graph is plotted showing:
● X-axis- Frequency of loading
(Number of times the Load
applied)
● Y-axis- magnitude of load
(Force)
🟐 The curve shows that, if the mag. Of
load is greater, then less the number of
time load would be applied to cause
injury, or vise versa.
The effects of loading

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The effects of loading

  • 1. THE EFFECTS OF LOADING By: Ghulam Muhyyudin PSRD College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Lahore.
  • 2.
  • 3. LOAD IN TERMS OF FORCE ● Upon the application of a force on a particular body, as a result, following effects are observed: ○ Acceleration (to cause movement) ○ Deformation
  • 4. ACCELERATION DEFORMATION When the force is acting on an object, it will cause the body to move in the direction of force. The velocity with which the body is moving will produce acceleration in the body in the direction of force. This phenomenon was explained by Newton. If the rigidity of object is such that it cannot endure the force and eventually alters its shape, is called deformation. Such load will be deformation load which can alter the volume, length or shape of object.
  • 5. LOADING vs DEFORMATION Upto the yield point, or within the elastic limit of material, Load is directly proportional to temporary Deformation. Load ∝ Deformation or Stress ∝ Strain After the elastic limit, the plastic region starts which results in plastic or permanent deformation. After permanent deformation, the point at which, the substance breaks is called failure point.
  • 6. STIFFNESS Stiffness is the extent to which an object resists deformation in response to an applied load. It is also called elasticity or elastic modulus. ● Brittle objects have more stiffness and soft ones have less ● It is identified by the steepness of slope of load- deformation graph. ● Stiffness ∝ θ ● Stiffness = tanθ = load/deformation
  • 7. REPETITIVE LOADS ACUTE LOADS Repeated application of load (force) of relatively low magnitude. Minimum load to cause injury to Biological Tissues. Causes chronic or stress injury i.e. microtrauma. Causes acute injury i.e. macrotrauma For example, toe-nail breakage due to being hitten by the foot- path or stairs, several times. For example, bone fracture due to automobile accident.
  • 8. 🟐 Here the graph is plotted showing: ● X-axis- Frequency of loading (Number of times the Load applied) ● Y-axis- magnitude of load (Force) 🟐 The curve shows that, if the mag. Of load is greater, then less the number of time load would be applied to cause injury, or vise versa.