The document discusses key facts about the Earth's movements and geographic coordinate system. It notes that the Earth is the third planet from the sun in our solar system. It rotates on its axis approximately every 24 hours, causing day and night, and revolves around the sun over the course of 365 days, causing seasons. The document also describes how latitude and longitude are used to locate positions on the Earth's surface, with latitude measuring distances north and south of the equator and longitude measuring distances east and west of the prime meridian.

1. The Earth.
Unit 1.

2. Solar system.
The Earth is the
third planet from
the Sun.
It belongs to the
so called inner
planets.
Its distance from
the Sun gives its
the perfect
temperature to
allow life, not too
hot as Venus nor
too cold as Mars.

3. Earth movements.
Rotation: Movement
of the Earth around its
axis.
The Earth always
rotates towards the
east, as viewed from
the North Star Polaris
it turns counter-
clockwise.
The rotation takes
almost 24 hours and
causes the succesion of
day and nigth.
Click on the Earth and see its moving

4. Earth movements.
Rotation: Movement
of the Earth around its
axis.
The Earth always
rotates towards the
east, as viewed from
the North Star Polaris
it turns counter-
clockwise.
The rotation takes
almost 24 hours and
causes the succesion of
day and nigth.
Click on the Earth and see its moving

5. Earth movements
Earth´s orbit. It´s
the motion of the
Earth around the
Sun.
It takes 365 days
and 6 hours. Every
four years they add
a day, that year is
called leap year.
The Earth´s orbit
causes the seasons
because of the axis
tilt.

6. Axial tilt or obliquity
Because of the axial tilt
the northern
hemisphere gets more
light and heat in the
summer (June) and less
in the
win te r(De cembe r). In
the southern
hemisphere it works
the other way around.

7. Daylight in different seasons.
Spring Summer
Tropic of
Cancer
Equator
Solstices
Equinoxes
Tropic of
Capriconr
Autunm Winter

8. Geographic coordinates system
The geographic
coordinates
system gives
us the chance
to locate
every point in
the planet.
It´s a net work
made of
parallels and
meridians

9. Equator and parallels.
North hemisphere
South hemisphere
The Equator is the prime parallel or zero degrees.
Look in an atlas and make a list of the equatorial countries

10. Latitude
Latitude is the angular distance from the Equator (0º) to any
point in the Earth´s surface. It could be north (N) or South (S)
Find the latitude of the follow cities, you can look for them in an
atlas or in the internet. Oslo, St Petersburg, Paris, Cairo, Quito,
Buenos Aires, Sâo Paulo, Cape Town, Mijas.

11. Meridians.
A miridian is an imaginary arc that runs from Pole North to Pole
South. It gives us the longitude of all the points along the line.
The prime meridian was set by the british in the
obaser vator y of Greenwich on 1884. Nowadays
everybody calls the meridian after that place near
London. Look in an atlas for the contries within the
Prime Meridiam.

12. Longitude
Longitude is the angular distance bet ween the Prime Meridian to
any point in the surface of the Earth. It could be East or West
G
r
e
e
WEST n EAST
w
i
c
h
180º W 0º 180º E
Find the longitude of the follow cities, you can look for them in an atlas or in the
internet. Oslo, St Petersburg, Paris, Cairo, Quito, Buenos Aires, Sâo Paulo, Cape
Town, Mijas. Now you should have got the coordinates(Lat/Long) of those cities.