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The development of DNA sequencing Technology.pptx
- 1. The development ofDNA sequencing Technology Presented by Md. Ushama Shafoyat Id: 0423260003 Department of Biomedical Engineering (BME) Military Institute of Science and Technology.
- 2. Contents Introduction EarlyDNA Sequencing Techniques Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) The Human Genome Project Third-Generation Sequencing Advancements in Accuracy and Speed Applications of DNA Sequencing Future Perspectives Conclusion
- 3. Introduction • DNA sequencingis a great discovery that allows us to understand the genetic information contained within an organism. • In this presentation, we will explore the key milestones in the development of DNA sequencing technology.
- 4. Early DNA SequencingTechniques • In the early days, DNA sequencing was a time consuming process. • But in 1970s Maxam-Gilbert and Sanger developed a sequencing technique which become the pioneering techniques in DNA sequencing. • First cut the tagged segment of DNA at different points and then joint the tagged fragments of different sizes. The fragments may then be separated by gel electrophoresis. • These methods involved chemical modifications and gel electrophoresis to determine the sequence of DNA.
- 5. Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) •Next-generation sequencing (NGS) emerged as a major breakthrough in DNA sequencing technology. • NGS techniques allowed for massively parallel sequencing of DNA samples.
- 6. The Human GenomeProject (HGP) • The Human Genome Project (HGP) had the aimed to sequence the entire human genome. • It was launched in 1990s and completed in 2003, significantly advancing DNA sequencing technology. • The Human Genome Project provided valuable information about human genetics and laid the foundation for personalized medicine.
- 7. Third-Generation Sequencing • Third-generationsequencing technologies introduced several innovations in DNA sequencing. • These methods enabled faster and longer read lengths, reducing sequencing time and improving accuracy.
- 8. Advancements in Accuracyand Speed • Over time, DNA sequencing technologies have seen significant advancements in accuracy and speed. • Error rates have been reduced, enabling more reliable analysis of genetic information. • DNA data storage have been developed through which we can easily study any DNA sequence.
- 9. Applications of DNASequencing • DNA sequencing technology has revolutionized various fields, including genomics, medicine, and agriculture. • It has facilitated the identification of disease-causing genetic mutations and personalized treatment options. • The development of vaccine, DNA sequencing helps to understand the specific DNA parts which take part in disease formation. • In agriculture, DNA sequencing is used to enhance yield, develop disease-resistant plants, and improve livestock breeding.
- 10. Future Perspectives • Thefuture of DNA sequencing technology holds immense potential. • Advances in technology may make sequencing faster, cheaper, and more accessible. • Emerging techniques like long-read sequencing and single-cell sequencing will continue to push the boundaries of genomic research.
- 11. Conclusion • DNA sequencingtechnology has come a long way since its first invented, transforming our understanding of genetics and genomics. • From the early methods to next-generation sequencing and beyond, each advancement has opened new doors for scientific discovery. • The continued development of DNA sequencing technology will undoubtedly drive breakthroughs in medicine, vaccine developments, agriculture, and other fields.
- 12. References 1. https://www.biocompare.com/Molecular-Biology/9187-Next-Generation- Sequencing/ 2. https://www.britannica.com/event/Human-Genome-Project 3.https://www.yourgenome.org/stories/pacbio-and-third-generation- sequencing/ 4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxam%E2%80%93Gilbert_sequencing 5. https://irepertoire.com/ngs-overview-from-sample-to-sequencer-to-results/ 6. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsnano.2c06748
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