Psychology originated in Europe in the late 19th century with early pioneers including Wilhelm Wundt, Sigmund Freud, Pierre Paul Broca, and Jean Piaget. Broca studied brain function and was associated with language processing areas of the brain now known as Broca's area. Piaget developed the theory of cognitive development and four stages of child development. Freud established the theory of the unconscious mind and developed psychoanalysis, including concepts of the id, ego, superego, and psychosexual stages of development from infancy to adulthood. Freud's work influenced fields like art through surrealism and shaped understandings of the human mind, though aspects remain speculative.