In the revision of the EPBD, as part of the Clean Energy package, the Commission introduced requirements for charging infrastructure for electric vehicles. The proposal was somewhat unconventional in that it uses an energy directive to tackle a mobility related problem. The approach is justified since most vehicle charging will take place at home and in buildings, as is currently demonstrated by mature electromobility markets such as Norway.
During subsequent discussions in the EU institutions, concerns were raised about the potential cost implications of the Commission's proposals. On the other hand, pre-tubing and pre-cabling for a percentage of parking spots in buildings during new constructions and major renovations can be considered a no-regrets approach, especially when comparing costs with subsequent installation after completion of a construction project.
To understand the cost implications of various installation scenarios for charging infrastructure (pretubing, precabling, full installation during a construction project, subsequent installation without pretubing in an operating building), ECI commissioned Creara to map out the costs based on interviews with market actors.
The main conclusions for the review are:
* Full installation of charging stations is the most cost-effective option.
* There is no significant cost difference between a pretubing or precabling scenario.
* Installing a charging station in an operating building is about 10-15% more expensive than planning for it during a construction project.
* Charging stations in non-residential buildings are more expensive than in residential buildings.
* Cost for charging infrastructure differs significantly among countries, reflecting labour costs and market maturity.
The document discusses Ljubljana's EOL project, the largest ongoing energy retrofit investment project in Slovenia. It used an off-balance sheet EPC model to retrofit 59 public buildings, with investments of ~50 million euros. The project overcame many hurdles in establishing the necessary legal basis for PPP EPC in Slovenia and working with inexperienced local ESCOs. The retrofits implemented energy efficiency measures like insulation and installed renewable energy sources like geothermal heat pumps. The EPC model provided advantages to the public partner like guaranteed energy savings and low maintenance costs. Lessons learned included the need for available ESCOs, long payback periods, and controlling retrofit costs. The project
The document discusses effective ways to prepare for the introduction of road user charging systems. It describes the lengthy and risky nature of implementing electronic toll collection (ETC) and the need for transparency around associated costs. The Dutch Cost Monitor process provided a model where detailed cost information from system concept evaluations supported the legislation and implementation process. However, this approach may only be suitable for very large projects. The document introduces an alternative cost comparison tool that uses a lifecycle costing model to evaluate and compare different system concepts, which could support decision making for typical ETC projects.
US Department of Energy's Uniform Methods ProjectLeonardo ENERGY
Ā
This webinar will provide an overview of the US Department of Energyās Uniform Methods Project that develops protocols for determining energy savings from energy efficiency measures and programs. The webinar will discuss its motivations, the development process, measures, and how they are used.
1. West Sussex County Council (WSCC) developed an energy plan to address security, affordability and sustainability for the county. This included various renewable energy and efficiency projects.
2. WSCC considered options for its first battery storage facility at the Westhampnett closed landfill site, including solar farm with battery storage. The site is suitable due to its size and obligations to maintain the site long-term.
3. A 7.44MW solar farm and 4.06MWh battery storage system was designed for the site. This will generate 7.5 million kWh annually, reducing WSCC's emissions by 20% and meeting 25% of its energy demand. Income will come from selling electricity to
Solar energy ongoing project by Magda CayĆ³nASCAME
Ā
The energy model on which the majority of cities in developed countries are based upon is characterized by centralization and unsustainability. Barcelona, being a Mediterranean city, faces the challenge to increase its solar energy supply, moving towards a more sustainable energy model, while strengthening the network's business sector.
ASCAME is committed to this initiative, in the framework of the European project FOSTEr in MED gathering together in the auditorium of the Chamber of Commerce, Industry and Navigation of Barcelona, several experts in the field of renewable energy, as well as companies, public authorities, universities and organizations that will analyse the state of sector, itsā trends and the business development scenario emerged.
1.3b Case Study for Urban Climate Change Adaptation Using GIS and RSNAP Events
Ā
This document discusses challenges for Korea in achieving near-zero energy buildings (nZEBs) to address climate change. It provides background on Korea's greenhouse gas emission reduction targets and milestones for nZEB adoption. Core nZEB technologies are highlighted, such as high-efficiency lighting and insulation. Different definitions of nZEBs are examined, including the 2015 definition from the National Institute of Building Sciences that simplified earlier definitions. Key drivers for nZEBs are identified, including building codes and standards, compliance structures, tools, education and training. The status of these drivers in the US, EU and Korea are briefly compared.
Workshop on high efficiency and low-cost drivetrains for electric vehiclesLeonardo ENERGY
Ā
The workshop presented the innovations that are currently being developed by three EU-funded projects under the European Green Vehicles Initiative (EGVI): ModulED, ReFreeDrive and DRIVEMODE.
The H2020 research programme on energy and transport has more than 50 projects on EVs running. The three projects above work on the next generation of Electric Drive Trains. The three projects started at the same time and are all three more or less in the middle of their trajectory (March 2019). Basic decisions have already been made, now the implementation will follow.
These projects are expected to deliver an incremental reduction in total motor and power electronics system costs through optimised design for manufacture. A key challenge is to increase the specific torque and specific power of electric motors by 30%, with a 50% increase in maximum operating speed while halving motor losses. In addition, the motors will cost less because of a reduced need for rare earth magnets combined with new designs which have been optimised for lower cost manufacturing processes.
As for power electronics, the projects are expected to deliver a 50% increase in power density, a 50% reduction in losses and the ability to operate with the same cooling liquids and temperatures used for the combustion engine in hybrid configurations.
The document discusses Ljubljana's EOL project, the largest ongoing energy retrofit investment project in Slovenia. It used an off-balance sheet EPC model to retrofit 59 public buildings, with investments of ~50 million euros. The project overcame many hurdles in establishing the necessary legal basis for PPP EPC in Slovenia and working with inexperienced local ESCOs. The retrofits implemented energy efficiency measures like insulation and installed renewable energy sources like geothermal heat pumps. The EPC model provided advantages to the public partner like guaranteed energy savings and low maintenance costs. Lessons learned included the need for available ESCOs, long payback periods, and controlling retrofit costs. The project
The document discusses effective ways to prepare for the introduction of road user charging systems. It describes the lengthy and risky nature of implementing electronic toll collection (ETC) and the need for transparency around associated costs. The Dutch Cost Monitor process provided a model where detailed cost information from system concept evaluations supported the legislation and implementation process. However, this approach may only be suitable for very large projects. The document introduces an alternative cost comparison tool that uses a lifecycle costing model to evaluate and compare different system concepts, which could support decision making for typical ETC projects.
US Department of Energy's Uniform Methods ProjectLeonardo ENERGY
Ā
This webinar will provide an overview of the US Department of Energyās Uniform Methods Project that develops protocols for determining energy savings from energy efficiency measures and programs. The webinar will discuss its motivations, the development process, measures, and how they are used.
1. West Sussex County Council (WSCC) developed an energy plan to address security, affordability and sustainability for the county. This included various renewable energy and efficiency projects.
2. WSCC considered options for its first battery storage facility at the Westhampnett closed landfill site, including solar farm with battery storage. The site is suitable due to its size and obligations to maintain the site long-term.
3. A 7.44MW solar farm and 4.06MWh battery storage system was designed for the site. This will generate 7.5 million kWh annually, reducing WSCC's emissions by 20% and meeting 25% of its energy demand. Income will come from selling electricity to
Solar energy ongoing project by Magda CayĆ³nASCAME
Ā
The energy model on which the majority of cities in developed countries are based upon is characterized by centralization and unsustainability. Barcelona, being a Mediterranean city, faces the challenge to increase its solar energy supply, moving towards a more sustainable energy model, while strengthening the network's business sector.
ASCAME is committed to this initiative, in the framework of the European project FOSTEr in MED gathering together in the auditorium of the Chamber of Commerce, Industry and Navigation of Barcelona, several experts in the field of renewable energy, as well as companies, public authorities, universities and organizations that will analyse the state of sector, itsā trends and the business development scenario emerged.
1.3b Case Study for Urban Climate Change Adaptation Using GIS and RSNAP Events
Ā
This document discusses challenges for Korea in achieving near-zero energy buildings (nZEBs) to address climate change. It provides background on Korea's greenhouse gas emission reduction targets and milestones for nZEB adoption. Core nZEB technologies are highlighted, such as high-efficiency lighting and insulation. Different definitions of nZEBs are examined, including the 2015 definition from the National Institute of Building Sciences that simplified earlier definitions. Key drivers for nZEBs are identified, including building codes and standards, compliance structures, tools, education and training. The status of these drivers in the US, EU and Korea are briefly compared.
Workshop on high efficiency and low-cost drivetrains for electric vehiclesLeonardo ENERGY
Ā
The workshop presented the innovations that are currently being developed by three EU-funded projects under the European Green Vehicles Initiative (EGVI): ModulED, ReFreeDrive and DRIVEMODE.
The H2020 research programme on energy and transport has more than 50 projects on EVs running. The three projects above work on the next generation of Electric Drive Trains. The three projects started at the same time and are all three more or less in the middle of their trajectory (March 2019). Basic decisions have already been made, now the implementation will follow.
These projects are expected to deliver an incremental reduction in total motor and power electronics system costs through optimised design for manufacture. A key challenge is to increase the specific torque and specific power of electric motors by 30%, with a 50% increase in maximum operating speed while halving motor losses. In addition, the motors will cost less because of a reduced need for rare earth magnets combined with new designs which have been optimised for lower cost manufacturing processes.
As for power electronics, the projects are expected to deliver a 50% increase in power density, a 50% reduction in losses and the ability to operate with the same cooling liquids and temperatures used for the combustion engine in hybrid configurations.
This document provides an overview of the CHP5 energy project in Mongolia. It discusses Newcom Group's involvement in the energy sector through projects like the Salkhit wind farm. The CHP5 project is a public-private partnership between Newcom Group, GDF Suez, Sojitz Corporation, and POSCO Energy to build a 450MW cogeneration plant in Ulaanbaatar. The plant will provide reliable electricity and heat for the city while reducing pollution through more efficient technology like circulating fluidized bed boilers. The $1.3 billion project represents the first large-scale IPP and PPP in Mongolia's energy sector and is expected to generate economic, social and environmental benefits.
Valmet Automotive: The fast lane to Future VehiclesBusiness Turku
Ā
Valmet Automotive Group has a long history in automotive manufacturing dating back to 1968. They have expanded their capabilities over the decades and now specialize in electric vehicle battery systems, covering the entire value chain from concept development to production. Their battery systems are used in a diverse range of applications including passenger cars, trucks, buses, and off-highway vehicles. Valmet Automotive is continuing their success in 2021 with the expansion of their Salo plant, the upcoming operation of their new high-volume battery plant in Uusikaupunki, and plans for a third battery plant. They are also ramping up battery engineering resources between Finland and Germany.
ReFreeDrive 03 - Webinar induction motor advanced manufacturingLeonardo ENERGY
Ā
- The document describes the hairpin winding manufacturing process for electric motors used in electric vehicles. It involves cutting wire to length, forming hairpins, winding assembly including inserting the windings into the stator slots, and quality checks. Key steps discussed in more detail include wire cutting, hairpin forming using different technologies, and the winding design process which aims to optimize performance and costs.
This master's thesis presentation summarizes research assessing the monetary value of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) energy arbitrage for electric vehicle users in the Netherlands. An agent-based model is used to simulate different EV charging strategies, including uncontrolled charging, cost-based charging, and V2G charging. The model analyzes the impact of these strategies on spot market electricity demand and prices. Results show V2G charging can provide monetary benefits to EV users compared to other strategies by shifting charging to times of lower prices. Benefits are expected to increase with declining battery prices and longer battery lifetimes. Future work could develop optimized profit-maximizing V2G algorithms and study effects of user acceptance on monetary outcomes.
Burgess Farm, Salford - A 350 home development on greenfield land was allowed despite permanent loss of open countryside. The Secretary of State considered it outweighed the significant shortfall in housing land supply.
Clay Farm, Cambridge - A proposed 2,300 home development. The Secretary of State agreed affordable housing levels should not protect historic land values and insulating developers against risk, which would be at the expense of affordable homes.
Oxenholme Road, Kendal - A proposed 148 home development. The inspector accepted the appellant's evidence that the council's proposed benchmark land value of Ā£400,000 per acre for viability would be uncompetitive and could affect mortgage availability. The inspector concluded 35% affordable
BACS requirements in the revised EPBD: How to check compliance?Leonardo ENERGY
Ā
To support EU Member States in implementing the revised Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD), eu.bac has created a compliance checklist for Building Automation and Control System requirements related to the mandatory capabilities listed in Art.14 and Art.15.
The checklist provides a necessary reference list and highly detailed tool for building owners and managers, compliance inspectors, building designers, installers and policymakers.
In this slide deck:
1. The revised EPBD and the need for a tool to verify BACS compliance (Simone ALESSANDRI)
2. The EPBD BACS Compliance Verification Package (Bonnie BROOK)
3. Compliant BACS: prerequisite to the digital transformation of EUās built environment (Andrei LITIU)
Romelectro is an EPC contractor, project developer, and investor in power generation, transmission and distribution, environmental protection, and industry. It has over 45 years of experience working on projects internationally. Some of its ongoing projects include the refurbishment of the 400/220/110/20 kV Bradu substation in Romania and construction of the 400 kV overhead transmission line from Portile de Fier to Anina to Resita in Romania.
Romelectro Group offers comprehensive energy efficiency solutions for industrial clients, including turnkey projects for new cogeneration plants, industrial equipment upgrades, energy audits, engineering services, project management, and technical consultancy. They have extensive experience implementing projects in industries such as oil/gas, chemicals, metals, and more. Romelectro treats energy efficiency from an integrated perspective and aims to meet all client needs from audit to commissioning.
Webinar: Electricity market designs for flexibility: from zonal to nodal arch...ISGAN Academy
Ā
Which are the most suitable market designs to capture the value of flexibility in power systems? The European project OSMOSE has developed different models from nodal to zonal market architectures to assess the economic value of different flexibility mixes (load, generation and power flows) in future power system scenarios. The webinar will introduce the zonal and nodal market designs modelled in OSMOSE, present the first simulation results, and discuss the preliminary findings of this ongoing work.
AURES II - Renewable energy Auction Database and overview of auction schemes ...Leonardo ENERGY
Ā
Recording at https://youtu.be/gF-XicTOi2M
The project AURES II (Auctions for Renewable Energy Support) investigates design options for renewable energy auctions and gives recommendations on their use.
AURES II has collected data comprising the design elements, as well as the awarded auction prices and realisation rates in a single database based on the renewable energy auctions implemented in the EU. Based on this, our project aims to gain new quantitative insights on how design elements influence auction performance.
This webinar will present the Auction Database and a first, holistic overview of the design elements used in the various countries of the EU.
ModulED. Next generation powertrains for electric vehiclesLeonardo ENERGY
Ā
Presentation of the final event for the three GV04 projects: ReFreeDrive, ModulED and Drivemode. Recordings available at https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUFRNkTrB5O-38psbMgeWAvzXQ5QWzNsk.
ModulED aims at developing a new generation of modular electric engine based on buried-permanent magnet motor with reduced rare earth use, and electric drivetrain for various configurations of Full and Hybrid Electric Vehicles (including cost, environmental impact, efficiency, and mass manufacturing ready).
Enel Green Power Romania operates wind farms in Romania and has a pipeline of additional projects. It began operations in 2007 and now has over 40 employees across three offices. Its first wind farm, Agighiol, began operations in 2010 and has a capacity of 34 MW. It currently has 140 MW under construction and additional projects that are ready to be built or have call options totaling over 700 MW. Building permits can take 1.5-2.5 years to obtain due to issues with land rights, grid connection permits, and environmental/urbanism permits. Construction faces challenges around permitting inconsistencies, environmental constraints, and logistics. Project management requires oversight of all work packages and coordination with transmission system operators. Trading involves hed
ReFreeDrive - Next Generation Electric Drivetrains for Fully Electric VehiclesLeonardo ENERGY
Ā
The ReFreeDrive project developed rare earth-free electric motor technologies for automotive applications. It involved 13 partners across 6 European countries. The project aimed to design and manufacture 8 different e-motors, including induction machines with copper rotors and synchronous reluctance machines. Prototypes were tested on benches and a demo vehicle. The rare earth-free motors achieved performance targets and showed significant cost reductions compared to rare-earth PM motors. A life cycle assessment also found the rare earth-free motors had a lower environmental impact. The project generated knowledge that can be further developed for both academic and commercial purposes, with the motor technologies promising opportunities in the growing electric vehicle market.
A 17 MW distributed solar PV plant designed for the City of Phoenix's Sky Harbor International Airport in response to an APS RFP for RE Small Generation Resources. Modeled all financial and energy components with SAM and HOMER. Proposal would generate ~$750,000 annual savings for the City of Phoenix.
The document discusses using HTRI's heat exchanger simulation technology within the process simulator Petro-SIM. It describes how HTRI's rigorous heat exchanger models can be embedded within Petro-SIM using direct links, CAPE-OPEN, or the new XSimOp ShellTube model. The XSimOp model allows shell-and-tube heat exchangers to be simulated and rated directly within Petro-SIM in a robust yet fast manner, leveraging HTRI's research on heat exchanger performance prediction.
Jure Äižman, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.ARC research group
Ā
The document discusses the ENERFUND rating tool, which scores and maps opportunities for deep energy renovations of buildings. It was developed to address gaps between public expectations, trustworthy retrofit opportunities, and available funding. The tool uses energy performance certificate and other building data to provide ratings and identify sound business opportunities for retrofit companies, funding opportunities for institutions, and priorities for policymakers and municipalities. While energy performance data availability varies greatly between countries, the ENERFUND tool demonstrates the potential of open data to promote ambitious energy renovation targets.
The document discusses advances in fuel cell technology for hybrid transit buses. It provides information about Ballard Power Systems, a leader in PEM fuel cells, including their intellectual property portfolio, products, engineering services, and experience deploying over 45 fuel cell buses worldwide. Key points include reductions in emissions from fuel cell buses compared to diesel, advantages of fuel cells for buses, and Ballard's work to increase power density, lifetime, and reduce costs of their fuel cell modules and stacks for commercial bus applications.
This presentation collects the analysis and specification of re-use value-chains in automotive sector, specifically for electric and hybrid vehicles. It includes:
ā¢ The definition of the current State of Art of recycling processes in automotive sector (techno-polymer and metallic components) and for Li- ion batteries.
ā¢ The identification of standards and regulations currently impacting and/or limiting the proposal of innovative solutions for end-of-life E&HEVs.
ā¢ The preliminary analysis and detection of guidelines for the re- design of products in order to make them easily disassemblable, re- usable and/or recyclable.
ā¢ The collection of possible innovative solutions to be developed during CarE-Service project.
ā¢ The identification of general requirements of processes, necessary for their application in real life.
This project has received funding from the European Unionās Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 776851
France's Climate Plan Seminar, 20th November 2017
French Embassy in Tokyo
Audience: representatives of Japanese government, companies, NGOS ; representatives of French energy companies in Japan
More information about the seminar: https://www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr/Articles/2017/11/21/seminaire-de-presentation-du-plan-climat-de-la-france-tokyo-novembre-2017
George Booras, EPRI - Power plant capture case studies - IntroductionGlobal CCS Institute
Ā
This document summarizes a presentation on cost estimates for carbon capture and storage (CCS) applications in power plants. It discusses challenges in estimating costs for retrofitting CCS to existing power plants. It also emphasizes that research and development are critical to driving down costs and enabling the learning-by-doing necessary for CCS technologies to be deployed at large scale. Sharing lessons learned from early CCS projects is important for the long-term success of carbon capture.
This document provides an overview of the CHP5 energy project in Mongolia. It discusses Newcom Group's involvement in the energy sector through projects like the Salkhit wind farm. The CHP5 project is a public-private partnership between Newcom Group, GDF Suez, Sojitz Corporation, and POSCO Energy to build a 450MW cogeneration plant in Ulaanbaatar. The plant will provide reliable electricity and heat for the city while reducing pollution through more efficient technology like circulating fluidized bed boilers. The $1.3 billion project represents the first large-scale IPP and PPP in Mongolia's energy sector and is expected to generate economic, social and environmental benefits.
Valmet Automotive: The fast lane to Future VehiclesBusiness Turku
Ā
Valmet Automotive Group has a long history in automotive manufacturing dating back to 1968. They have expanded their capabilities over the decades and now specialize in electric vehicle battery systems, covering the entire value chain from concept development to production. Their battery systems are used in a diverse range of applications including passenger cars, trucks, buses, and off-highway vehicles. Valmet Automotive is continuing their success in 2021 with the expansion of their Salo plant, the upcoming operation of their new high-volume battery plant in Uusikaupunki, and plans for a third battery plant. They are also ramping up battery engineering resources between Finland and Germany.
ReFreeDrive 03 - Webinar induction motor advanced manufacturingLeonardo ENERGY
Ā
- The document describes the hairpin winding manufacturing process for electric motors used in electric vehicles. It involves cutting wire to length, forming hairpins, winding assembly including inserting the windings into the stator slots, and quality checks. Key steps discussed in more detail include wire cutting, hairpin forming using different technologies, and the winding design process which aims to optimize performance and costs.
This master's thesis presentation summarizes research assessing the monetary value of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) energy arbitrage for electric vehicle users in the Netherlands. An agent-based model is used to simulate different EV charging strategies, including uncontrolled charging, cost-based charging, and V2G charging. The model analyzes the impact of these strategies on spot market electricity demand and prices. Results show V2G charging can provide monetary benefits to EV users compared to other strategies by shifting charging to times of lower prices. Benefits are expected to increase with declining battery prices and longer battery lifetimes. Future work could develop optimized profit-maximizing V2G algorithms and study effects of user acceptance on monetary outcomes.
Burgess Farm, Salford - A 350 home development on greenfield land was allowed despite permanent loss of open countryside. The Secretary of State considered it outweighed the significant shortfall in housing land supply.
Clay Farm, Cambridge - A proposed 2,300 home development. The Secretary of State agreed affordable housing levels should not protect historic land values and insulating developers against risk, which would be at the expense of affordable homes.
Oxenholme Road, Kendal - A proposed 148 home development. The inspector accepted the appellant's evidence that the council's proposed benchmark land value of Ā£400,000 per acre for viability would be uncompetitive and could affect mortgage availability. The inspector concluded 35% affordable
BACS requirements in the revised EPBD: How to check compliance?Leonardo ENERGY
Ā
To support EU Member States in implementing the revised Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD), eu.bac has created a compliance checklist for Building Automation and Control System requirements related to the mandatory capabilities listed in Art.14 and Art.15.
The checklist provides a necessary reference list and highly detailed tool for building owners and managers, compliance inspectors, building designers, installers and policymakers.
In this slide deck:
1. The revised EPBD and the need for a tool to verify BACS compliance (Simone ALESSANDRI)
2. The EPBD BACS Compliance Verification Package (Bonnie BROOK)
3. Compliant BACS: prerequisite to the digital transformation of EUās built environment (Andrei LITIU)
Romelectro is an EPC contractor, project developer, and investor in power generation, transmission and distribution, environmental protection, and industry. It has over 45 years of experience working on projects internationally. Some of its ongoing projects include the refurbishment of the 400/220/110/20 kV Bradu substation in Romania and construction of the 400 kV overhead transmission line from Portile de Fier to Anina to Resita in Romania.
Romelectro Group offers comprehensive energy efficiency solutions for industrial clients, including turnkey projects for new cogeneration plants, industrial equipment upgrades, energy audits, engineering services, project management, and technical consultancy. They have extensive experience implementing projects in industries such as oil/gas, chemicals, metals, and more. Romelectro treats energy efficiency from an integrated perspective and aims to meet all client needs from audit to commissioning.
Webinar: Electricity market designs for flexibility: from zonal to nodal arch...ISGAN Academy
Ā
Which are the most suitable market designs to capture the value of flexibility in power systems? The European project OSMOSE has developed different models from nodal to zonal market architectures to assess the economic value of different flexibility mixes (load, generation and power flows) in future power system scenarios. The webinar will introduce the zonal and nodal market designs modelled in OSMOSE, present the first simulation results, and discuss the preliminary findings of this ongoing work.
AURES II - Renewable energy Auction Database and overview of auction schemes ...Leonardo ENERGY
Ā
Recording at https://youtu.be/gF-XicTOi2M
The project AURES II (Auctions for Renewable Energy Support) investigates design options for renewable energy auctions and gives recommendations on their use.
AURES II has collected data comprising the design elements, as well as the awarded auction prices and realisation rates in a single database based on the renewable energy auctions implemented in the EU. Based on this, our project aims to gain new quantitative insights on how design elements influence auction performance.
This webinar will present the Auction Database and a first, holistic overview of the design elements used in the various countries of the EU.
ModulED. Next generation powertrains for electric vehiclesLeonardo ENERGY
Ā
Presentation of the final event for the three GV04 projects: ReFreeDrive, ModulED and Drivemode. Recordings available at https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUFRNkTrB5O-38psbMgeWAvzXQ5QWzNsk.
ModulED aims at developing a new generation of modular electric engine based on buried-permanent magnet motor with reduced rare earth use, and electric drivetrain for various configurations of Full and Hybrid Electric Vehicles (including cost, environmental impact, efficiency, and mass manufacturing ready).
Enel Green Power Romania operates wind farms in Romania and has a pipeline of additional projects. It began operations in 2007 and now has over 40 employees across three offices. Its first wind farm, Agighiol, began operations in 2010 and has a capacity of 34 MW. It currently has 140 MW under construction and additional projects that are ready to be built or have call options totaling over 700 MW. Building permits can take 1.5-2.5 years to obtain due to issues with land rights, grid connection permits, and environmental/urbanism permits. Construction faces challenges around permitting inconsistencies, environmental constraints, and logistics. Project management requires oversight of all work packages and coordination with transmission system operators. Trading involves hed
ReFreeDrive - Next Generation Electric Drivetrains for Fully Electric VehiclesLeonardo ENERGY
Ā
The ReFreeDrive project developed rare earth-free electric motor technologies for automotive applications. It involved 13 partners across 6 European countries. The project aimed to design and manufacture 8 different e-motors, including induction machines with copper rotors and synchronous reluctance machines. Prototypes were tested on benches and a demo vehicle. The rare earth-free motors achieved performance targets and showed significant cost reductions compared to rare-earth PM motors. A life cycle assessment also found the rare earth-free motors had a lower environmental impact. The project generated knowledge that can be further developed for both academic and commercial purposes, with the motor technologies promising opportunities in the growing electric vehicle market.
A 17 MW distributed solar PV plant designed for the City of Phoenix's Sky Harbor International Airport in response to an APS RFP for RE Small Generation Resources. Modeled all financial and energy components with SAM and HOMER. Proposal would generate ~$750,000 annual savings for the City of Phoenix.
The document discusses using HTRI's heat exchanger simulation technology within the process simulator Petro-SIM. It describes how HTRI's rigorous heat exchanger models can be embedded within Petro-SIM using direct links, CAPE-OPEN, or the new XSimOp ShellTube model. The XSimOp model allows shell-and-tube heat exchangers to be simulated and rated directly within Petro-SIM in a robust yet fast manner, leveraging HTRI's research on heat exchanger performance prediction.
Jure Äižman, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.ARC research group
Ā
The document discusses the ENERFUND rating tool, which scores and maps opportunities for deep energy renovations of buildings. It was developed to address gaps between public expectations, trustworthy retrofit opportunities, and available funding. The tool uses energy performance certificate and other building data to provide ratings and identify sound business opportunities for retrofit companies, funding opportunities for institutions, and priorities for policymakers and municipalities. While energy performance data availability varies greatly between countries, the ENERFUND tool demonstrates the potential of open data to promote ambitious energy renovation targets.
The document discusses advances in fuel cell technology for hybrid transit buses. It provides information about Ballard Power Systems, a leader in PEM fuel cells, including their intellectual property portfolio, products, engineering services, and experience deploying over 45 fuel cell buses worldwide. Key points include reductions in emissions from fuel cell buses compared to diesel, advantages of fuel cells for buses, and Ballard's work to increase power density, lifetime, and reduce costs of their fuel cell modules and stacks for commercial bus applications.
This presentation collects the analysis and specification of re-use value-chains in automotive sector, specifically for electric and hybrid vehicles. It includes:
ā¢ The definition of the current State of Art of recycling processes in automotive sector (techno-polymer and metallic components) and for Li- ion batteries.
ā¢ The identification of standards and regulations currently impacting and/or limiting the proposal of innovative solutions for end-of-life E&HEVs.
ā¢ The preliminary analysis and detection of guidelines for the re- design of products in order to make them easily disassemblable, re- usable and/or recyclable.
ā¢ The collection of possible innovative solutions to be developed during CarE-Service project.
ā¢ The identification of general requirements of processes, necessary for their application in real life.
This project has received funding from the European Unionās Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 776851
France's Climate Plan Seminar, 20th November 2017
French Embassy in Tokyo
Audience: representatives of Japanese government, companies, NGOS ; representatives of French energy companies in Japan
More information about the seminar: https://www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr/Articles/2017/11/21/seminaire-de-presentation-du-plan-climat-de-la-france-tokyo-novembre-2017
George Booras, EPRI - Power plant capture case studies - IntroductionGlobal CCS Institute
Ā
This document summarizes a presentation on cost estimates for carbon capture and storage (CCS) applications in power plants. It discusses challenges in estimating costs for retrofitting CCS to existing power plants. It also emphasizes that research and development are critical to driving down costs and enabling the learning-by-doing necessary for CCS technologies to be deployed at large scale. Sharing lessons learned from early CCS projects is important for the long-term success of carbon capture.
The role of hydrogen in the medium and long-term decarbonisation of the Europ...IEA-ETSAP
Ā
This document discusses a study analyzing the potential role of hydrogen in decarbonizing Europe's energy system out to 2050. The study uses the JRC-EU-TIMES energy system model of the EU28 countries to assess hydrogen production technologies and demand from the transport, industry, electricity storage, and residential heating sectors. The results show hydrogen starting to deploy around 2030 and increasing significantly in the following decades as decarbonization policies strengthen. Hydrogen is produced mainly from biomass and used primarily in transport and industry, though its overall contribution to sectoral energy remains relatively low. Hydrogen storage helps provide system flexibility but its role is limited compared to other storage options in the model.
Show and Tell - Renewable Energy integration and Circular Economy.pdfSIFOfgem
Ā
This is the sixth in a series of 'Show and Tell' webinars from the Ofgem Strategic Innovation Fund Discovery phase, covering new technology developments for Renewable Energy integration and Circular economy for resource efficiency projects.
The energy system is made up of a complex range of activity across networks, markets, supply, and demand. A range of organisations play crucial roles in managing various parts of this system. Working across traditional boundaries can create opportunities for better integration of services to consumers, who typically experience the system as a whole. Innovative whole system solutions are required to optimise the system, reducing costs whilst enhancing the experience of consumers.
You will hear from SIF projects looking to increase sources of energy system flexibility, improve resource efficiency and new tech development to support deployment of renewables and end use decarbonisation.
The Strategic Innovation Fund (SIF) is an Ofgem programme managed in partnership with Innovate UK, part of UKRI. The SIF aims to fund network innovation that will contribute to achieving Net Zero rapidly and at lowest cost to consumers, and help transform the UK into the āSilicon Valleyā of energy, making it the best place for high-potential businesses to grow and scale in the energy market.
For more information on the SIF visit: www.ofgem.gov.uk/sif
Or sign-up for our newsletter here: https://ukri.innovateuk.org/ofgem-sif-subscription-sign-up
The document discusses the Railenergy project, an EU-funded initiative aimed at improving energy efficiency in the railway system. The project has 28 partners across Europe and aims to develop innovative solutions to reduce energy consumption and emissions from infrastructure, rolling stock, and train operation. Specifically, the project seeks to achieve a 6% reduction in the railway system's specific energy consumption by 2020. It takes an integrated approach, working on strategic, operational, and technical levels to identify and validate solutions that can improve energy efficiency throughout the rail network.
Decarbonization of heating in the buildings sector: efficiency first vs low-c...IEA-ETSAP
Ā
Decarbonization of heating in the buildings sector: efficiency first vs low-carbon heating dilemma
16ā17th november 2023, Turin, Italy, etsap meeting, etsap winter workshop, semi-annual meeting, november 2023, Politecnico di Torino Lingotto, Torino
Mr. Andrea Moglianesi, VITO, Belgium
Explaining recent renewable energy auction outcomes in Europe Leonardo ENERGY
Ā
Recent record-low auction prices for renewables in Europe have made the news. But what is behind them and why are there such differences between countries? This webinar analyses and compares recent auction outcomes for PV, wind onshore and wind offshore in different European Member States and discusses lessons learnt. The analysis builds on Ecofys market insights and country case studies conducted within the AURES project (Auctions for Renewable Energy Support in the EU).
Course on Regulation and Sustainable Energy in Developing Countries - Session...Leonardo ENERGY
Ā
This session is devoted to the design of feed-in tariff schemes for the large-scale dissemination of on-grid renewable energy technologies in developing countries. More than 50 countries have adopted a feed-in tariff both in developed and developing countries.
Designed carefully, feed-in tariff laws are considered to be one the most cost-effective measure to support renewable energy technologies. In the case of developing countries, there is a need to balance conflicting priorities, especially when it comes to national development objectives such as health, education, employment etc, whereby environmental issues can often be considered as secondary. Therefore the complementary benefits that renewables can bring and the cost of mechanisms to support renewable energy technologies needs to be weighed; renewable energy policies need to be linked to development policies.
After a brief introduction on the motivations to introduce renewable energy policies in developing countries, the session 3 examines the way to design and implement effective feed-in tariff: how to determine the eligible producer and technologies, how to calculated support levels, how to differentiate tariff payment, when to revise tariffs and plan tariff degression, etc.
Developmentof a TIMES model for the WalloonRegion(Belgium)IEA-ETSAP
Ā
The document discusses the development of a TIMES energy system model for the Walloon Region of Belgium. Key points include:
- The model is being developed to help inform regional energy and climate policy decisions and scenario reporting requirements.
- Challenges in building the model include starting from limited existing data and ensuring the structure balances optimization needs with data realities.
- Preliminary model results show nuclear power being replaced by gas and wind under a reference scenario, with no need for additional electricity storage. Energy efficiency in buildings and heat pumps also emerge as cost-competitive solutions.
- Next steps involve improving data and structure, exploring scenario reporting uses, and stakeholder consultation to refine the model.
The European long term vision and the Elia Group challengesElia
Ā
Presentation given by Sophie De Baets, European Regulatory & Public Affairs Advisor at Elia, during the EU Briefing on Energy organised by Amcham Belgium on 7/7/2014.
PPPs for Energy Efficient Street Lighting and PPPs for Rooftop Solar Power Ge...lacclimatebusinessforum
Ā
This document discusses two models for public-private partnerships (PPPs) for energy efficient street lighting and rooftop solar power generation projects - the shared savings model and the notional savings/annuity model.
The shared savings model involves a private energy service company (ESCO) undertaking capital expenditures and operations & maintenance of the project. Savings are shared between the ESCO and municipal corporation based on actual energy savings achieved monthly as measured by utility meters.
The notional savings/annuity model has the private operator undertake capital expenditures and O&M for a set annuity payment from the municipal corporation. Energy savings are estimated upfront rather than measured, and are not part of the operator's performance.
Overview of the FlexPlan project. Focus on EU regulatory analysis and TSO-DSO...Leonardo ENERGY
Ā
Webinar recording at https://youtu.be/4s2GGlu-ylc
The FlexPlan project (https://flexplan-project.eu/) aims at establishing a new grid planning methodology making use of storage and flexible loads as an alternative to the build-up of new grid elements. After introducing the project, the webinar will focus on pan-European grid planning regulation and present practices of TSOs and DSOs.
The document provides instructions for joining an online presentation about Energy Performance Protocols. Participants must connect their audio via computer or phone and enter identification codes. The presentation will start at 15:05 CET and will be recorded. The presentation will be given by Luis Castanheira and will provide an overview of the Investor Confidence Project Europe, the Technical Forum, Energy Performance Protocols, current technical research, and next steps. Questions can be asked via the chat function.
Keeping our cities sustainably warm - Inspiring the Efficient Renewal of District Heating for the Just Transition
Brian Vad Mathiesen, Aalborg University
KeepWarm Conference, November 12, 2020, Brussels - Online
STW Sustainable/ NZEB Design Presentation - Nov 2019Noel Hughes
Ā
A presentation given by Noel Hughes of Scott Tallon Walker Architects in November 2019 on sustainable architecture and nearly zero energy design strategies.
The document provides an overview of VTT's PEMFC research and projects. It discusses VTT's development path for PEMFC systems from initial in-house systems to current projects demonstrating technology in industrial applications. Key projects included WorkingPEM demonstrating fuel cells in forklifts, TopDrive optimizing fuel cell hybrid drivetrains, and DuraDemo/DuraDemo2 durability testing PEMFCs using by-product hydrogen from chlor-alkali plants. The document highlights the importance of demonstration projects for proving technology readiness and preparing commercialization in Finland.
Michael Clark discusses a smart grid project in London called Low Carbon London. The project aims to understand how to enable adoption of low carbon technologies like electric vehicles, heat pumps, and distributed generation by changing how the electricity network is designed, operated, and commercially arranged. Through trials of technologies like smart meters, time-of-use pricing, electric vehicle charging, and demand response, the project is providing insights that will help transition the network to support widespread electrification and a low carbon future. The project is demonstrating cost savings compared to traditional network upgrades and helping to delay or avoid the need for reinforcement investments.
Similar to The cost of EV charging infrastructure (20)
A new generation of instruments and tools to monitor buildings performanceLeonardo ENERGY
Ā
What is the added value of monitoring the flexibility, comfort, and well-being of a building? How can occupants be better informed about the performance of their building? And how to optimize a building's maintenance?
The slides were presented during a webinar and roundtable with a focus on a new generation of instruments and tools to monitor buildings' performance, and their link with the Smart Readiness Indicator (SRI) for buildings as introduced in the EU's Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD).
Link to the recordings: https://youtu.be/ZCFhmldvRA0
Addressing the Energy Efficiency First Principle in a National Energy and Cli...Leonardo ENERGY
Ā
When designing energy and climate policies, EU Member States have to apply the Energy Efficiency First Principle: priority should be given to measures reducing energy consumption before other decarbonization interventions are adopted. This webinar summarizes elements of the energy and climate policy of Cyprus illustrating how national authorities have addressed this principle so far, and outline challenges towards its much more rigorous implementation that is required in the coming years.
Auctions for energy efficiency and the experience of renewablesLeonardo ENERGY
Ā
Auctions are an emerging market-based policy instrument to promote energy efficiency that has started to gain traction in the EU and worldwide. This presentation provides an overview and comparison of several energy efficiency auctions and derives conclusions on the effects of design elements based on auction theory and on experiences of renewable energy auctions. We include examples from energy efficiency auctions in Brazil, Canada, Germany, Portugal, Switzerland, Taiwan, UK, and US.
A recording of this presentation can be viewed at:
https://youtu.be/aC0h4cXI9Ug
Energy efficiency first ā retrofitting the building stock finalLeonardo ENERGY
Ā
Retrofitting the building stock is a challenging undertaking in many respects - including costs. Can it nevertheless qualify as a measure under the Energy Efficiency First principle? Which methods can be applied for the assessment and what are the results in terms of the cost-effectiveness of retrofitting the entire residential building stock? How do the results differ for minimization of energy use, CO2 emissions and costs? And which policy conclusions can be drawn?
This presentation was used during the 18th webinar in the Odyssee-Mure on Energy Efficiency Academy on February 3, 2022.
A link to the recording: https://youtu.be/4pw_9hpA_64
How auction design affects the financing of renewable energy projects Leonardo ENERGY
Ā
Recording available at https://youtu.be/lPT1o735kOk
Renewable energy auctions might affect the financing of renewable energy (RE) projects. This webinar presents the results of the AURES II project exploring this topic. It discusses how auction designs ranging from bid bonds to penalties and remuneration schemes impact financing and discusses creating a low-risk auction support framework.
This presentation discusses the contribution of Energy Efficiency Funds to the financing of energy efficiency in Europe. The analysis is based on the MURE database on energy efficiency policies. As an example, the German Energy Efficiency Fund is described in more detail.
This is the 17th webinar in the Odyssee-Mure on Energy Efficiency Academy.
Recordings are available on: https://youtu.be/KIewOQCgQWQ
(see updated version of this presentation:
https://www.slideshare.net/sustenergy/energy-efficiency-funds-in-europe-updated)
The Energy Efficiency First Principle is a key pillar of the European Green Deal. A prerequisite for its widespread application is to secure financing for energy efficiency investments.
This presentation discusses the contribution of Energy Efficiency Funds to the financing of energy efficiency in Europe. The analysis is based on the MURE database on energy efficiency policies. As an example, the German Energy Efficiency Fund is described in more detail.
This is the 17th webinar in the Odyssee-Mure on Energy Efficiency Academy.
Recordings are available on: https://youtu.be/KIewOQCgQWQ
Five actions fit for 55: streamlining energy savings calculationsLeonardo ENERGY
Ā
During the first year of the H2020 project streamSAVE, multiple activities were organized to support countries in developing savings estimations under Art.3 and Art.7 of the Energy Efficiency Directive (EED).
A fascinating output of the project so far is the āGuidance on Standardized saving methodologies (energy, CO2 and costs)ā for a first round of five so-called Priority Actions. This Guidance will assist EU member states in more accurately calculating savings for a set of new energy efficiency actions.
This webinar presents this Guidance and other project findings to the broader community, including industry and markets.
AGENDA
14:00 Introduction to streamSAVE
(Nele Renders, Project Coordinator)
14:10 Views from the EU Commission and the link with Fit-for-55 (Anne-Katherina Weidenbach, DG ENER)
14:20 The streamSAVE guidance and its platform illustrated (Elisabeth Bƶck, AEA)
14:55 A view from industry: What is the added value of streamSAVE (standardized) methods in frame of the EED (Conor Molloy, AEMS ECOfleet)
14:55 Country experiences: the added value of standardized methods (Elena Allegrini, ENEA, Italy)
The recordings of the webinar can be found on https://youtu.be/eUht10cUK1o
This webinar analyses energy efficiency trends in the EU for the period 2014-2019 and the impact of COVID-19 in 2020 (based on estimates from Enerdata).
The speakers present the overall trend in total energy supply and in final energy consumption, as well as details by sector, alongside macro-economic data. They will explain the main drivers of the variation in energy consumption since 2014 and determine the impact of energy savings.
Speakers:
Laura Sudries, Senior Energy Efficiency Analyst, Enerdata
Bruno Lapillonne, Scientific Director, Enerdata
The recordings of the presentation (webinar) can be viewed at:
https://youtu.be/8RuK5MroTxk
Energy and mobility poverty: Will the Social Climate Fund be enough to delive...Leonardo ENERGY
Ā
Prior to the current soaring energy prices across Europe, the European Commission proposed, as part of the FitFor55 climate and energy package, the EU Social Climate Fund to mitigate the expected social impact of extending the EU ETS to transport and heating.
The report presented in this webinar provides an update of the European Energy Poverty Index, published for the first time in 2019, which shows the combined effect of energy and mobility poverty across Member States. Beyond the regular update of the index, the report provides analysis of the existing EU policy framework related to energy and transport poverty. France is used as a case study given the āyellow vestā movement, which was triggered by the proposed carbon tax on fuels.
Watch the recordings of the webinar:
https://youtu.be/i1Jdd3H05t0
Does the EU Emission Trading Scheme ETS Promote Energy Efficiency?Leonardo ENERGY
Ā
This policy brief analyzes the main interacting mechanisms between the Energy Efficiency Directive (EED) and the EU Emission Trading Scheme (ETS). It presents a detailed top-down approach, based on the ODYSSEE energy indicators, to identify energy savings from the EU ETS.
The main task consists in isolating those factors that contribute to the change in energy consumption of industrial branches covered by the EU ETS, and the energy transformation sector (mainly the electricity sector).
Speaker:
Wolfgang Eichhammer (Head of the Competence Center Energy Policy and Energy Markets @Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research ISI)
The recordings of this webinar can be watched via:
https://youtu.be/TS6PxIvtaKY
Energy efficiency, structural change and energy savings in the manufacturing ...Leonardo ENERGY
Ā
- Structural changes in manufacturing have significantly reduced energy consumption in Denmark since 1990 through growth in lower intensity sectors like food production.
- Energy efficiency improvements also contributed, especially from 2010-2014, lowering consumption alongside structural changes.
- A decomposition analysis found that decreases in consumption from 2006-2014 were mainly from structural effects in the first half, and efficiency gains in the latter half.
- Reported energy savings from Denmark's energy efficiency obligation scheme align with estimated efficiency improvements, though some autonomous gains likely occurred too.
Energy Sufficiency Indicators and Policies (Lea Gynther, Motiva)Leonardo ENERGY
Ā
This policy brief looks at questions āhow to measure energy sufficiencyā, āwhich policies and measures can be used to address energy sufficiencyā and āhow they are used in Europe todayā.
Energy sufficiency refers to a situation where everyone has access to the energy services they need, whilst the impacts of the energy system do not exceed environmental limits. The level of ambition needed to address energy sufficiency is higher than in the case of energy efficiency.
This is the 13th edition of the Odyssee-Mure on Energy Efficiency Academy, and number 519 in the Leonardo ENERGY series. The recording of the live presentation can be found on https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jEAdYbI0wDI&list=PLUFRNkTrB5O_V155aGXfZ4b3R0fvT7sKz
The Super-efficient Equipment and Appliance Deployment (SEAD) Initiative Prod...Leonardo ENERGY
Ā
The Super-efficient Equipment and Appliance Deployment (SEAD) Initiative Product Efficiency Call to Action, by Melanie Slade - IEA and Nicholas Jeffrey - UK BEIS
Breuckmann eMobility GmbH develops innovative rotor casting technology called Zero Porosity Rotor (ZPR) for electric vehicle induction motors. ZPR uses laminar squeeze casting to produce rotors with zero porosity, allowing for superior mechanical properties, higher electrical conductivity, and maximum process stability compared to industry standard rotors. Key advantages of ZPR rotors include up to 12.5% higher maximum rotational speed, 35% higher electrical conductivity, and ability to withstand 25% higher circumferential bursting speeds. Breuckmann has partnerships for motor testing, slot geometry design, and received EU funding to develop high-speed motor concepts using its ZPR technology.
dynamic E flow GmbH provides high-tech electric machines and solutions for extreme applications. Their capcooltechĀ® motor features direct winding cooling that enables current densities up to 100A/mm2 and overload capacities. Testing shows the capcooltechĀ® design maintains temperatures 40Ā°C lower and heats 10 times faster than conventional cooling. The direct cooling test bench demonstrates capcooltechĀ® motors can achieve maximum power density, temperature resistance, precision, and dynamics even in harsh conditions like vacuum or high temperatures.
The need for an updated European Motor Study - key findings from the 2021 US...Leonardo ENERGY
Ā
The document calls for an updated assessment of the electric motor system market in Europe, as the existing data is over 20 years old. It notes several changes in the market since then, including new efficient motor technologies, lower costs for power electronics, and increased digitization. The document highlights findings from a recent 2021 US motor study, which found motors to be older than previously estimated and significant improvements in load factors and variable speed drive penetration compared to past studies. It concludes that a new comprehensive assessment is needed to identify large potential electricity savings and inform policies to accelerate market transformation.
Efficient motor systems for a Net Zero world, by Conrad U. Brunner - Impact E...Leonardo ENERGY
Ā
1) The document discusses the need for efficient electric motor systems to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050, as electricity will be the main energy supplier without fossil fuels or nuclear.
2) It provides examples of how industry can achieve efficiency savings of 50-70% through measures like downsizing components, direct drive systems, and load control.
3) A case study shows how converting an oversized 10kW system to a smaller, variable speed, direct drive setup with efficient components achieves 82% energy savings and a payback period of just one year.
Indira awas yojana housing scheme renamed as PMAYnarinav14
Ā
Indira Awas Yojana (IAY) played a significant role in addressing rural housing needs in India. It emerged as a comprehensive program for affordable housing solutions in rural areas, predating the governmentās broader focus on mass housing initiatives.
The Antyodaya Saral Haryana Portal is a pioneering initiative by the Government of Haryana aimed at providing citizens with seamless access to a wide range of government services
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
Bharat Mata - History of Indian culture.pdfBharat Mata
Ā
Bharat Mata Channel is an initiative towards keeping the culture of this country alive. Our effort is to spread the knowledge of Indian history, culture, religion and Vedas to the masses.
AHMR is an interdisciplinary peer-reviewed online journal created to encourage and facilitate the study of all aspects (socio-economic, political, legislative and developmental) of Human Mobility in Africa. Through the publication of original research, policy discussions and evidence research papers AHMR provides a comprehensive forum devoted exclusively to the analysis of contemporaneous trends, migration patterns and some of the most important migration-related issues.
This report explores the significance of border towns and spaces for strengthening responses to young people on the move. In particular it explores the linkages of young people to local service centres with the aim of further developing service, protection, and support strategies for migrant children in border areas across the region. The report is based on a small-scale fieldwork study in the border towns of Chipata and Katete in Zambia conducted in July 2023. Border towns and spaces provide a rich source of information about issues related to the informal or irregular movement of young people across borders, including smuggling and trafficking. They can help build a picture of the nature and scope of the type of movement young migrants undertake and also the forms of protection available to them. Border towns and spaces also provide a lens through which we can better understand the vulnerabilities of young people on the move and, critically, the strategies they use to navigate challenges and access support.
The findings in this report highlight some of the key factors shaping the experiences and vulnerabilities of young people on the move ā particularly their proximity to border spaces and how this affects the risks that they face. The report describes strategies that young people on the move employ to remain below the radar of visibility to state and non-state actors due to fear of arrest, detention, and deportation while also trying to keep themselves safe and access support in border towns. These strategies of (in)visibility provide a way to protect themselves yet at the same time also heighten some of the risks young people face as their vulnerabilities are not always recognised by those who could offer support.
In this report we show that the realities and challenges of life and migration in this region and in Zambia need to be better understood for support to be strengthened and tuned to meet the specific needs of young people on the move. This includes understanding the role of state and non-state stakeholders, the impact of laws and policies and, critically, the experiences of the young people themselves. We provide recommendations for immediate action, recommendations for programming to support young people on the move in the two towns that would reduce risk for young people in this area, and recommendations for longer term policy advocacy.
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
RFP for Reno's Community Assistance CenterThis Is Reno
Ā
Property appraisals completed in May for downtown Renoās Community Assistance and Triage Centers (CAC) reveal that repairing the buildings to bring them back into service would cost an estimated $10.1 millionānearly four times the amount previously reported by city staff.
2. 2
List of abbreviations
ā¢ AFI: Alternative Fuels Infrastructure
ā¢ BEV: Battery electric vehicle
ā¢ CAGR: Compound annual growth rate
ā¢ DE: Germany
ā¢ EAFO: European Alternative Fuels Observatory
ā¢ EC: European Commission
ā¢ EEA: European Environment Agency
ā¢ EPBD: Energy Performance of Buildings Directive
ā¢ ES: Spain
ā¢ EV: Electric vehicle
ā¢ FI: Full installation
ā¢ FR: France
Source: CREARA
ā¢ IT: Italy
ā¢ NL: Netherlands
ā¢ UK: United Kingdom
3. 3
A full installation requirement is the most attractive option for ECI, but
because of its initial bulk investment it will likely face opposition; pre-
cabling is the second option, although it has weak arguments in favor
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Starting point Step 2
OptionsViability
ā¢ European regulation
sets requirements
for charging
infrastructure in
residential and non-
residential buildings
Step 1
ā¢ Requirement of full
installation
Requirement of preā¢ -
installation
ā¢ Pre-tubing
ā¢ Pre-cabling
Most likely option based
on interview conclusions
Full installations requireā¢
larger bulk investment
for building owners/
builders
Although it is the most-
efficient option in terms
of total costs
It seems to be a viableā¢
option for non-
residential buildings
Demand is expected to-
be higher and does not
depend on individual
owners and tenants
vehicle choices
ā¢ Full installation
requirements would be
the most attractive
option for copper
- It would imply higher
āassuredā copper
demand in the
installations in the short
and medium term
- It would also push
transport electrification
by overcoming one of
its major barriers
(missing recharging
infrastructure)
ā¢ Pre-cabling is the
preferred option for pre-
installations, but
according to the
interviewees it is not a
sensible option
ā¢ Pre-cabling has few
arguments in favor
- It presents higher
investment costs than
pre-tubing (i.e. cable)
- According to most
interviewees pre-
cabling does not make
much sense because
it implies having idle
investment without
knowing if installation
adapts to later needs
Source: CREARA Analysis
Most attractive option for
copper
4. 4
The ECI should use favoring arguments to push for FI in non-residential
sectors; pre-cabling and pre-tubing in both sectors are the 2nd and 3rd
option, which are less attractive but still a step in the right direction
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Note: 1 Cost is likely to be passed through to building owner
Source: CREARA Analysis
Arguments
Relative total
costs
Cost bearer
Probability of
success of
option
Option 1 - Full installation (FI) Option 2 - Pre-cabling Option 3 - Pre-tubing
Most costā¢ -efficient option from
total cost perspective
Significant reduction of barrier forā¢
EV market development
Especially applicable in non- -
residential buildings where usage
is not depending on buildings
owners/ tenants
At least one country (France) isā¢
known to have a FI requirements
for new non-residential buildings
with a certain number of parking
lots
ā¢ Most (total) cost-efficient option
ā¢ Highest initial investment
ā¢ Building owner (operating build.)
ā¢ Constructor (new building)1
ā¢ Medium to low (efforts should be
focused on non-residential
buildings, as in Commission
proposal (see slide 18))
Total cost is similar to preā¢ -tubing,
but pre-cabling requirement moves
part of the investment to an earlier
moment (i.e. laying of cable),
which could reduce barriers
Specifying the required capacity ofā¢
the cable could lead to
standardization of certain aspects
of the charging infrastructure
Spain forces the feedingā¢
installation for new non-residential
buildings with a certain number of
parking lots
ā¢ Most expensive (total cost) option
ā¢ Reduced initial investment
ā¢ Build. owner/ Const. (pre-cabling)
ā¢ User (install. from pre-cabling)
ā¢ Medium to high
Option of minimum requirementā¢
to tackle the EV charging
infrastructure barrier
Pre- -tubing does not represent
significant costs and can be
directly integrated in construction
phase
Spain requires new residentialā¢
buildings to include pre-tubing in
their installations
ā¢ Most expensive (total cost) option
ā¢ Lowest initial investment
ā¢ Build owner/ Const. (pre-tubing)
ā¢ User (install. from pre-tubing)
ā¢ High
5. 5
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Strategy to
be adopted
by ECI
Non-residential Residential
Specifically, based on the conclusions presented in this presentation, the
ECI should support the EC proposal for the EPBD
ā¢ New and existing buildings
undergoing major renovation
- With more than ten parking
spaces
- One of every ten parking space is
equipped with a recharging point
- Obligation as of 2025
EC proposal
for EPBD
(Nov 2016)
New and existing buildingsā¢
undergoing major renovation
With more than ten parking-
spaces
Pre- -cabling in every parking
space
Source: CREARA Analysis
ā¢ Support the option presented by
the EC by lobbying for its
approval in the regulation
process
- The option presented by the EC
could lead to the implementation
of a significant number of publicly
accessible charging infrastructure
(which has direct positive
implications for copper usage)
and thereby pushing EV market
update (which again is positive
for copper)
ā¢ Option presented by the EC for
the residential sector should be
supported as well
- The arguments are less strong
than in the non-residential sector
(pre-installation requires upfront
investment without assured
demand)
The ECI should pushā¢
for the
implementation of
the EC proposal for
the new EPBD
instead of the
proposal presented
by the European
parliament which
reduces
requirements
significantly (see
slide 18)
Several argumentsā¢
prepared exist for
this strategy based
on the conclusions
of the interviews and
research, as detailed
on the following
slides
Outline of strategy to be adopted by ECI based on EC proposal for EPBD
6. 6
The market (as concluded in the interviews) provides arguments for FI in
the non-residential sector, pre-cabling in residential buildings is not
supported though
According to the interviewees, preā¢ -installations generally do not make sense in operating buildings
There is no cost advantage in pre- -installing and owners and tenants would rather install a full installation once
there is a need
Note: Ā¹ Although data is homogeneous, it should be taken into account that the sample is a small sample of the total population
Source: CREARA Analysis
General
Operating
buildings
New
buildings
ā¢ Spain and France already have in place requirements for new buildings (FI in new non-residential in France,
and feeding installation in new non-residential and pre-tubing for new residential in Spain)
ā¢ In case of the pre-installations in new buildings (spaces for tubing and cabling), builders are including these
activities in their overall workplan and budget, they do not calculate separate costs
- Estimating the costs for pre-tubing and pre-cabling is therefore difficult
ā¢ Completing the installation in several phases is less efficient than building from scratch
- Installing a charging point from scratch is 9.1% - 12.4% cheaper in total costs (depending on the type of building
and the type of pre-installation) than starting from a pre-installation
- The largest cost element is the wallbox
ā¢ The difference between pre-tubing and pre-cabling is mainly the cost of the cable; the process of cabling is
simple and cheap once tubing is done; it only takes some minutes and the main cost are the cables
- There is no significant total cost difference between the two pre-installation options, the question is rather when
which part of the investment is made
ā¢ Generally few pre-installations are being completed at the moment and many interviewees were not aware of
the proposed directive being discussed in Brussels
- Pre-cabling is not usual nowadays because it implies extra costs without knowing if the installation will be used at
some point and if the cabling matches future demand requirements (e.g. charging speed)
- Spain is the only country known to require pre-tubing (in new residential buildings)
ā¢ Installations are generally connected to the electric meter which is placed on the ground or underground
floors in most of the cases
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
ConclusionsĀ¹ from 33 interviews in 6 countries
7. 0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
New building Operating
building
New building Operating
building
Pre-tubing Pre-cabling Full installation
7
Note: 1 Average for non-residential does not include Italy as only one set of data is available, which presented significantly higher costs than in any other
countries; 2 The charging power in Germany for non-residential buildings is 11 kW
Source: CREARA Analysis
RESIDENTIAL SECTOR (3,7 kW) NON RESIDENTIAL SECTOR (7,4 kW2)
Total costs of different cases in alternative types of buildings
(average of analyzed countries1)
ā¢ The most efficient option from total
cost perspective is to do the full
installation from scratch
- This is true for both sectors and both
types of building
- The major saving is on labour
ā¢ Prices of pre-tubing and pre-cabling
are similar
ā¢ To install a wallbox in an operating
building is more expensive than to
install it in a new one
ā¢ The installation in the non-
residential sector is more expensive
than in the residential sector
- This can be explained by the higher
price of the wallbox and the need for
more materials and more labour
The full installation is the most efficient way to install a wallbox (from total
cost perspective); there are no significant differences in price between
pre-tubing and pre-cabling, which weakens arguments for pre-cabling
EXECUTIVE SUMMARYEUR
110 EUR
245 EUR
8. 8
In the residential sector (new and operating) there is hardly any difference
between pre-cabling and pre-tubing in total costs, the upfront investment
is greater though in the first case
Note: 1 Installation from cabling and total include the cost of the wallbox; 2 Average does not include Italy; 3 Cabling covers costs of cables, cabling activity
would be included in āinstallation from cablingā activity
Source: CREARA Analysis
EUR
EUR
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Cost distribution1 for studied cases in new
residential buildings (average of anal. countries2)
Cost distribution1 for studied cases in operating
residential buildings (average of anal. countries2)
PRE-TUBING PRE-CABLING FI PRE-TUBING PRE-CABLING FI
Total cost starting from pre-installation
Cost element of pre-installation option
150 EUR
142 EUR
125
337
850 1,312
469
850 1,319 1,168
165
398
850 1,413
572
850 1,422 1,280
9. 9
The same holds true for the non-residential sector (new and operating); FI
is also the most efficient total cost option and in this case the greater
upfront investment can be justified from a public demand perspective
EUR
EUR
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
PRE-TUBING PRE-CABLING FI PRE-TUBING PRE-CABLING FI
Cost distribution1 for studied cases in new non-
residential buildings (average of anal. countries2)
Cost distribution1 for studied cases in operating non-
residential buildings (average of anal. countries2)
245 EUR
215 EUR
Note: 1 Installation from cabling and total include the cost of the wallbox; 2 Average does not include Italy as only
one set of data is available, which presented significantly higher costs than in any other countries;
3 Cabling covers costs of cables, cabling activity would be included in āinstallation from cablingā activity
Source: CREARA Analysis
Total cost starting from pre-installation
Cost element of pre-installation option
210
420
1,365 1,995
640
1,365 2,005 1,760
276
565
1,365 2,206
855
1,365 2,220 2,005
10. 10
AGENDA
Introduction
Legal
framework
Interview results
and conclusions
ā¢ Summary of
interviews
ā¢ Results for Europe
and countries
covered
ā¢ Objectives
ā¢ EV in Europe
ā¢ Charging
infrastructure
ā¢ Current European
regulation for EV
charging
infrastructures
ā¢ Key features of the
proposal of
amendment for
Directive 2010/31
Agenda of presentation
Back-up
ā¢ Interview results by
country
- France
- Germany
- Italy
- Netherlands
- Spain
- UK
12. 12
The study analyses cost implications for the pre-installation and
installation of EV charging points in buildings, according to the proposal
of the new EPBD
Source: Proposal; CREARA Analysis
OBJECTIVES OF
STUDY
ā¢ Cost implications of pre-tubing, pre-cabling and full installation are studied
regarding article 8 of the proposal for the new Energy Performance Buildings
Directive (EPBD)
- The results of the study show which are the costs of a charging installation,
depending on which pre-installation exists
- The costs are recollected for several European countries
ā¢ The results include an analysis of the cost dispersion and average of each
component and total costs for each country
INTRODUCTIONOBJECTIVES
13. 13
INTRODUCTION
The number of BEV has significantly increased in the last 3 years but they
still represent a limited share of vehicles sold; one of the main barriers is
the low availability of recharging infrastructure in European countries
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
Up to 2013 2014 2015 2016
Source: EAFO; EEA; CREARA Analysis
ā¢ Up to now, BEV implementation has
been held back by three main barriers:
- High costs of vehicles
- Low level of consumer acceptance
(e.g. because of range anxiety)
- Lack of recharging stations
ā¢ The limited range (km which can be
covered with a fully charged battery) of
current EV models leads to range
anxiety of the potential users
- A problem that is worsened by the fact
that until now only a reduced number
of recharging infrastructure has been
installed
ā¢ All of the countries assessed have
different incentives for the EV and for
the installation of charging
infrastructures which aim at increasing
EV market uptake
EV IN EUROPE
% of total passenger
vehicle market, 2016
1.1 15.71.1 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.4
New registers of BEV by country and year
Units
14. 14
INTRODUCTION
0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000
EUĀ¹
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Spain
UK
Normal power charging ( ā¤ 22 kW) High power charging ( > 22kW)
Note : Ā¹ EU as average of the selected countries; Ā²Italy and Spain; 3No standardization exists though
Source: EAFO, CREARA Analysis
76%
44%
21%
10%
85%
CAGR 12 - 16
43%
111%
58%
Even though significant growth rates have been seen in charging points
implementations, the overall number in many countries remains low
EAFO defines two types ofā¢
charging:
Normal power charging is-
defined by a charging
capacity of up to 22 kW3
If the charging power is-
higher than 22 kW, it is
considered high power
charging3
The evolution of the chargingā¢
market has been unequal in the
countries under analysis
France has doubled its-
number of public charging
positions from 2012
Mediterranean countries- Ā²
maintain low levels of
publicly accessible charging
positions
Several initiatives to increaseā¢
the number of public charging
stations in major cities across
Europe have been launched
(Paris, London, Amsterdam)
CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE
Charging points
Publicly accessible charging positions by country, 2016
0.5
3.7
10.1
2.7
2.3
BEV/ charging point
2.7
4.2
2.9
16. 16
LEGAL FRAMEWORK
The proposal for AFI Directive presented in January 2013 set an
obligation of recharging points for each Member State, although the final
AFI Directive did not include these concrete liabilities
AFI DIRECTIVE (extract)
Member States shall ensure, by means of their nationalā¢
policy frameworks, that an appropriate number of
recharging points accessible to the public are put in place
by 31 December 2020, in order to ensure that electric
vehicles can circulate at least in urban/suburban
agglomerations and other densely populated areas [ā¦]
PROPOSAL FOR AFI DIRECTIVE (extract)
ā¢ Member States shall ensure that a minimum number of
recharging points for electric vehicles are put into place, at
least the number given in the table in Annex II, by 31
December 2020 at the latest
ā¢ At least 10% of the recharging points shall be publicly
accessible
CURRENT EUROPEAN REGULATION
The only reference to EVā¢
charging infrastructures in
any European Directive
can be found in the AFI
Directive
No European obligation ofā¢
a minimum number of
recharging points for
Member States exists
No obligatory quota ofā¢
public recharging points
has finally been set
Note: AFI Directive: Alternative Fuels Infrastructures Directive 2014/94/EU
Source: CREARA Analysis
17. 17
Objectives by 2020 of minimum number of EV
charging points by the Proposal for AFI Directive
Number of publicly
accessible recharging
points
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Spain
UK
Total
Number of total
recharging points
824,000
Source: EAFO; European Commission; CREARA Analysis
1,221,000
If the initial proposal had been passed and a target had been set, most
likely there would be a higher number of charging points by now; only the
Netherlands shows a significant share of the target in 2016
122,100
969,000 96,900
82,400
1,503,000 150,300
1,255,000 125,500
321,000 32,100
6,093,000 609,300
Number of publicly
access recharging
points in 2016 by EAFO
European Alternative
Fuels Observatory
11,759
15,843
1,740
17,953
1,999
26,700
75,994
CURRENT EUROPEAN REGULATION LEGAL FRAMEWORK
% OF INITIAL
TARGET
ACHIEVED
9.6%
16.4%
2.1%
11.9%
1.6%
83.2%
12.5%
18. The new EPBD is expected to include specific obligations on EV charging
infrastructures for both residential and non residential buildings; the
initial FI proposal for non residential has been lightened
18
ā¢ No mentioning of EV
charge infrastructures in
any type of building
ā¢ Non residential: new and
existing buildings
undergoing major
renovation
- With more than ten parking
spaces
- One of every ten parking
space is equipped with a
recharging point
- Obligation as of 2025
ā¢ Residential: new and
existing buildings
undergoing major
renovation
- With more than ten
parking spaces
- Pre-cabling in every
parking space
EPBD
PROPOSAL OF
COMMISSION
PROPOSAL OF
PARLIAMENT
AMENDMENT OF
EPBD
ā¢ Approval of amendment of
the EPBD is still pending
Timing
?30 November 2016 24 April 2017
Completed phase
Pending phase
Key:
19 May 2010
LEGAL FRAMEWORKKEY FEATURES OF THE AMENDMENT FOR EPBD
Note: EPBD: Energy Performance Buildings Directive 2010/31/EU
Source: CREARA Analysis
Non residential: new andā¢
existing buildings undergoing
major renovation related to
electrical infrastructure
One of every ten is equipped-
with adequate pre-cabling or
pre-tubing
At least- 7 kW of power on
every parking space
Obligation as of- 2025
Residential: new and existingā¢
buildings undergoing major
renovations related to
electrical infrastructure of
building or adjacent or built-in
parking lot
Include the adequate pre- -
cabling or pre-tubing
At least- 7 kW of power
19. ā¢ Spanish law already set specific obligations
- It is mandatory to do the pre-tubing in new residential buildings
- It obliges to do a feeding installation for a charging point in at least one parking
space for every 40 parking spaces in non residential buildings
Source: CREARA Analysis
Throughout the interviews, additional valuable information about national
obligations has been recollected, which should be completed and
extended to reinforce the arguments used by the ECI
19
France ā¢ Full installation is mandatory in at least one parking space for every 10 parking
spaces in new non-residential buildings
Germany
Italy (only 1
interviewee)
Netherlands
Spain
UK
German law does not allow charging infrastructures with a power betweenā¢ 3.7
and 11 kW
ā¢ Italian law requires a minimum of 7.4 kW of charge in non-residential sector
ā¢ Wallboxes in public areas have to be equipped with monitors to control who is
receiving the service
- Charging boxes need to be more complex and, consequently, more expensive
ā¢ Some required authorization involve extra expenditures
- Any modification in the electric installation has to be documented and
certificated by an electrician with license
- Additionally, the fire department needs to grant permission
ā¢ A specific law on EV infrastructure is currently being processed
- It is expected to be passed at the end of 2017 or beginning of 2018 with similar
terms as the proposal of the amendment for the EPBD
ā¢ No specific information on regulation has been extracted
In order to establish theā¢
correct strategies, it is
recommended to
consider a follow-up
analysis of the national
regulation
The presented-
information should
therefore be completed
The example of France-
may be used to impose
the obligation of
charging infrastructures
in non residential
buildings
Aā¢ comprehensive
analysis is suggested of
the relation between the
deployment of new
specific laws and the
development of the EV
markets in countries
such as France or Spain
LEGAL FRAMEWORKNATIONAL OBLIGATIONS
Preliminary recollection of national obligations for EV infrastructure
(not exhaustive)
21. To obtain information about installation costs from market players in
several countries, the following steps have been completed throughout
the project
21
ā¢ Research of data
ā¢ Identification of
contacts of EV
specialists,
electrical installers,
builders,
researchers and
national
associations
ā¢ Collection of
general
information and
first data through
interviews with the
objective of
obtaining a better
understanding of
the topic
ā¢ Characteristics of
standard case:
- Underground
parking with 10
parking slots
- Two building types:
residential and
shopping center
- Installation cost for
parking slot closest
to existing electricity
meter on ground
floor (considered
distance: 20 m.
between wallbox
and meter)
Identification and
research
First round of calls
and mailing
Definition of
fictitious scenario
Second round of
calls and mailing
Timing
5 ā 14 June 2017 15 ā 18 June 20171 ā 4 June 2017
Source: CREARA Analysis
ā¢ Calculation of
national averages
ā¢ Calculation of
average of selected
countries
ā¢ Preparation of the
presentation
Analysis of data
ā¢ More
homogeneous
data obtained
through
interviews
19 Jun ā 13 Jul 2017 6 ā 14 July 2017
INTERVIEW RESULTS
DESCRIPTIONOF
PROCESS
RESULT
ā¢ Mixed results from
interviews
- Difficulty of cost
estimation for
interview partners
- Particularity of cases
- Heterogeneous
results
ā¢ Questions on
specific scenarios
ā¢ Final report
SUMMARY
ā¢ Contact database
22. The following building and charging installation characteristics have been
considered for the interviews
22
Source: CREARA Analysis
INTERVIEW RESULTSSUMMARY
Pre-tubing
Pre-cabling
Full installation
Full installation from cabling
Building features
Residential
Non Residential
New building
Operating building
Type of building
Cases
ā¢ Multi-family building with underground parking
ā¢ Shopping center with underground parking
Installation in new construction buildingā¢
ā¢ Installation in already existing building
ā¢ Installation of conduits with no cabling
ā¢ Installation of conduits plus cabling
Installation of wallbox in an existing conduit with cablingā¢
ā¢ Installation of conduits plus wiring plus wallbox
Materials
Labour
Wallbox
Elements
considered
ā¢ Material costs used in installation (including cables)
ā¢ Labour costs of work to be carried out
Hardware of charging station (excluding cabling)ā¢
Characteristics of installations
23. 23
Slow
Charging
Fast
Charging
Rapid AC
Charging
Rapid DC
Charging
Typical
power
Electric
current
Approximate
charging timeĀ¹
Charger
3,7 kW
7,4 kW ā
22 kW
43 kW
50 kW
13 A
32 A
63 A
125 A
6-16 hours
3-8 hours (for
7,4 kW power)
30-70 minutes
(80% charge)
20-60 minutes
(80% charge)
Standard 3-PIN
Type 1 (J1772)
Type 1
(J1772) Ģ¶ Type
2 (Mennekes)
Non-
removable
Type 2
(Mennekes)
Non-
removable
JEVS
(CHAdeMO) Ģ¶
CCS (Combo)
The study focuses on those charging types with residential or commercial
application
Note: Ā¹ A battery capacity of 22 kWh and 60 kWh was considered for the range
Source: Zap-Map; CREARA Analysis
SUMMARY
Application
Residential
Residential,
commercial,
on streets
chargers
Charging
stations in
highways
Charging
stations in
highways
INTERVIEW RESULTS
ā¢ Since the
market is
relatively new,
charging types
are not
completely
standardized
ā¢ This chart has
been elaborated
considering
hardware
features and
comments made
by respondents
Different types of charging process
24. 24
ES
FR
UK
DE
NL
NO
ā¢ Total
contacted: 52
ā¢ Successful
interviews: 12
ā¢ Total
contacted: 28
ā¢ Successful
interviews: 4
Totalā¢
contacted: 35
Successfulā¢
interviews: 3
Totalā¢
contacted: 25
Successfulā¢
interviews: 4
ā¢ Total
contacted: 37
ā¢ Successful
interviews: 9
Totalā¢
contacted: 35
Successfulā¢
interviews: 1
IT
ā¢ Total
contacted: 22
ā¢ Successful
interviews: 0
ā¢ General information of interviews
- Interviews carried out between June
and July, 2017
- Contact via telephone and mail
- Number of contacts: 234
- Number of successful interviews: 33
ā¢ Profile of the respondents:
- EV charger installers
- Electrical installers
- Builders
- Researching institutions and
associations
ā¢ A large number of market actors
were contacted although only a
limited number was willing or able to
provide specific data:
- Idiomatic barriers
- Difficulty with cost estimation
- No interest
- No knowledge of Directive
ā¢ Because the interviewees in Norway
were not willing to reply to any
questions, no data for Norway was
obtained and the country has not
been included in the results
INTERVIEW RESULTS
Note: An interview is considered successful, if the interview partner was able to provide data for at least one of the installation types the study is covering
Source: CREARA Analysis
SUMMARY
A total of 234 interviews have been carried out, through which 21
complete and 12 partial data sets were obtained; no data was obtained for
Norway
25. 0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
New building Operating
building
New building Operating
building
Pre-tubing Pre-cabling Full installation
25
Note: 1 Average for non-residential does not include Italy as only one set of data is available, which presented significantly higher costs than in any other
countries; 2 The charging power in Germany for non-residential buildings is 11 kW
Source: CREARA Analysis
RESIDENTIAL SECTOR (3,7 kW) NON RESIDENTIAL SECTOR (7,4 kW2)
Total costs of different cases in alternative types of buildings
(average of analyzed countries1)
The most efficient option from totalā¢
cost perspective is to do the full
installation from scratch
This is true for both sectors and both-
types of building
The major saving is on labour-
Prices of preā¢ -tubing and pre-cabling
are similar
To install a wallbox in an operatingā¢
building is more expensive than to
install it in a new one
Theā¢ installation in the non-
residential sector is more expensive
than in the residential sector
This can be explained by the higher-
price of the wallbox and the need for
more materials and more labour
The full installation is the most efficient way to install a wallbox (from total
cost perspective); there are no significant differences in price between
pre-tubing and pre-cabling, which weakens arguments for pre-cabling
EUR
110 EUR
245 EUR
INTERVIEW RESULTSSUMMARY
26. 26
In the residential sector (new and operating) there is hardly any difference
between pre-cabling and pre-tubing in total costs, the upfront investment
is greater though in the first case
Note: 1 Installation from cabling and total include the cost of the wallbox; 2 Average does not include Italy; 3 Cabling covers costs of cables, cabling activity
would be included in āinstallation from cablingā activity
Source: CREARA Analysis
EUR
EUR
Cost distribution1 for studied cases in new
residential buildings (average of anal. countries2)
Cost distribution1 for studied cases in operating
residential buildings (average of anal. countries2)
PRE-TUBING PRE-CABLING FI PRE-TUBING PRE-CABLING FI
Total cost starting from pre-installation
Cost element of pre-installation option
150 EUR
142 EUR
125
337
850 1,312
469
850 1,319 1,168
165
398
850 1,413
572
850 1,422 1,280
INTERVIEW RESULTSSUMMARY
27. 27
The same holds true for the non-residential sector (new and operating); FI
is also the most efficient total cost option and in this case the greater
upfront investment can be justified from a public demand perspective
EUR
EUR
PRE-TUBING PRE-CABLING FI PRE-TUBING PRE-CABLING FI
Cost distribution1 for studied cases in new non-
residential buildings (average of anal. countries2)
Cost distribution1 for studied cases in operating non-
residential buildings (average of anal. countries2)
245 EUR
215 EUR
Note: 1 Installation from cabling and total include the cost of the wallbox; 2 Average does not include Italy as only
one set of data is available, which presented significantly higher costs than in any other countries;
3 Cabling covers costs of cables, cabling activity would be included in āinstallation from cablingā activity
Source: CREARA Analysis
Total cost starting from pre-installation
Cost element of pre-installation option
210
420
1,365 1,995
640
1,365 2,005 1,760
276
565
1,365 2,206
855
1,365 2,220 2,005
INTERVIEW RESULTSSUMMARY
28. Cost dispersion and average for new building
(3,7 kW)
Pre-
cabling
Inst. from
pre-cablingĀ¹
28
EUROPE INTERVIEW RESULTS
340
470
1,170
Cost dispersion and average for operating building in
Europe (3,7 kW)
400
850
1,280
570
EUREUR
Pre-tubing Full inst.
The significant dispersion in the European average for residential prices
is explained by the relatively low prices in Southern countries and NL and
the high prices in FR, DE and UK
The most usual power for residential chargingā¢
in Europe is 3,7 kW (as indicated by interview
partners)
In Northern Europe, it is also possible to find-
residential charging of up to 11 kW
An increase in the contracted power is notā¢
necessary
The charging time is usually at night, when the-
electric consumption is low
Differences between countries explain theā¢
spread
Installation costs of a charging point are lower in-
Southern countries and the Netherlands, where
labor is cheaper and the market is more mature
respectively
500ā¬ 670ā¬ 900ā¬
Range of prices for a wallbox
Minimum Selected value Maximum
Note: Average is represented by the X; median is represented by the line; Ā¹ āinstall. from cablingā includes wallbox and has the same cost in new and operating
Source: CREARA Analysis
Pre-tubing Pre-cabling Full installation
29. Pre-cabling
Pre-
cabling
Inst. from
pre-cablingĀ¹
29
EUROPE INTERVIEW RESULTS
445
670
1,760
Cost dispersion and average for operating building in
Europe (7,4 kW)
630
1,315
2,025
960
EUREUR
Cost dispersion and average for new building in
Europe (7,4 kW)
700ā¬ 1,030ā¬ 1,450ā¬
The most usual power for nonā¢ -residential
charging in Europe is 7,4 kW
Commercial buildings usually have enough grid-
connection capacity to face the additional
consumption from EV charging
There are countries such as Germany that doā¢
not allow a charging power capacity below 11
kW
In these countries, the installation is significantly-
more expensive due to the requirement of more
materials, more required labor hours and more
sophisticated wallboxes
Range of prices for a wallbox
Minimum Selected value Maximum
Pre-tubing Full inst.
Pre-tubing Full installation
In the shopping center segment the situation is similar; there is a strong
dispersion in wallbox prices even within countries, the cheapest quote is
less than half of the most expensive
Note: Average is represented by the X; median is represented by the line; Ā¹ āinstall. from cablingā includes wallbox and has the same cost in new and operating
Source: CREARA Analysis
30. 0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
Pre-tubing Pre-cabling Installation from pre-
cabling
Full installation
Costs for Non Residential Operating Buildings
France Germany Italy Netherlands Spain UK
30
In operating buildings, France, Germany and UK present the highest
prices (above the EU average) in the residential sector; in non-residential
Italy presents very high prices compared to other countries
INTERVIEW RESULTS
0
400
800
1,200
1,600
2,000
Pre-tubing Pre-cabling Installation from pre-
cabling
Full installation
Costs for Residential Operating Buildings
France Germany Italy Netherlands Spain UK EuropeĀ¹
EUREUR
Note: Ā¹Europe as average for selected countries
Source: CREARA Analysis
The most commonā¢
installation by far in
operating buildings is
the full installation
According to-
respondents, pre-
installations does not
make sense in
operating buildings
Prices for preā¢ -
installations are based
on the professionalsā
estimations, as they do
not usually carry out
this type of service yet
or it is included in the
general construction
budget of a building
EUROPE
EuropeĀ¹
31. In new buildings, the costs are less disperse, although generally the
Northern countries present higher prices
31
INTERVIEW RESULTS
0
400
800
1,200
1,600
Pre-tubing Pre-cabling Full installation
Costs for Residential New Buildings
France Germany Italy Netherlands Spain UK
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
Pre-tubing Pre-cabling Full installation
Costs for Non Residential New Buildings
France Germany Italy Netherlands Spain UK
EUREUR
Preā¢ -tubing is more usual
than pre-cabling
According to-
respondents, pre-cabling
makes no sense in new
buildings since users do
not know yet how much
power will be necessary
for the charger
In new buildings, it cannotā¢
be predicted how many
neighbors will want to
install charging points in
the future
Wiring from tubing is easyā¢
and cheap: it only takes a
few minutes by an electric
installer
Note: N.A.= Not available; Ā¹Europe as average for selected countries excluding Italy as no data was obtained for new buildings in this country
Source: CREARA Analysis
EUROPE
EuropeĀ¹
EuropeĀ¹
N.A. N.A. N.A.
N.A N.A. N.A.
32. 0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Materials Labour Wallbox
Full installation
France Germany Italy Netherlands Spain UK
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Materials Labour
Pre-cabling
France Germany Italy Netherlands Spain UK EuropeĀ¹
32
INTERVIEW RESULTS
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Materials Labour
Pre-tubing
France Germany Italy Netherlands Spain UK
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Materials Labour Wallbox
Full installation from pre-cabling
France Germany Italy Netherlands Spain UK
In the residential sector the cost of materials and labour are fairly equally
shared; in full installations the wallbox represents the major cost
Note: Ā¹Europe as average for selected countries
Source: CREARA Analysis
EUROPE
EuropeĀ¹
EuropeĀ¹ EuropeĀ¹
33. 33
INTERVIEW RESULTS
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Materials Labour
Pre-tubing
France Germany Italy Netherlands Spain UK
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Materials Labour Wallbox
Full installation from pre-cabling
France Germany Italy Netherlands Spain UK
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Materials Labour
Pre-cabling
France Germany Italy Netherlands Spain UK
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Materials Labour Wallbox
Full installation
France Germany Italy Netherlands Spain UK
Note: Ā¹Europe as average for selected countries
Source: CREARA Analysis
EUROPE
In non residential buildings, the distribution of costs is very similar to the
one in the residential sector
EuropeĀ¹ EuropeĀ¹
EuropeĀ¹ EuropeĀ¹
34. ā¢ Interviews:
- Total contacted: 28
- Successful interviews: 4
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
New building Operating
building
New building Operating
building
Pre-tubing Pre-cabling Full installation
34
FRANCE INTERVIEW RESULTS
RESIDENTIAL SECTOR NON RESIDENTIAL SECTOR
EUR
ā¢ Two of the companies participating in the
survey complete about 50 installations of
charging points per year; a third respondent is
an association
ā¢ French law already obliges new non-
residential buildings to have one installation
per 10 parking spaces
ā¢ Some respondents commented that the
installation of a smart charging point would be
the best option for non-residential buildings
FR
500ā¬ 700ā¬ 900ā¬
Range of prices for a wallbox
Min. Sel. value Max.
Cost of the total installation starting from different
pre-installations
Residential
Non residential 700ā¬ 1,035ā¬ 1,400ā¬
In France, a legal obligation for FI in new non-residential buildings already
exists
Comments about results and interviews
Source: CREARA Analysis
35. 35
GERMANY INTERVIEW RESULTS
Source: CREARA Analysis
Three of the companies interviewedā¢
complete over 500 installations per year; the
others install around 30
ā¢ The most common charging power for the
residential sector is 3,7 kW and 11 kW in
non-residential applications
It is also possible to find residential charging-
points with a power of 11 kW (according to
respondents, German law allows up to 3,7
kW and from 11 kW onwards)
Interviews:ā¢
Total contacted:- 37
Successful interviews:- 9
DE
Comments about results and interviews
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
New building Operating
building
New building Operating
building
Pre-tubing Pre-cabling Full installation
EUR
700ā¬ 750ā¬ 800ā¬
Min. Sel. value Max.
Residential
Non residential 1,200ā¬ 1,270ā¬ 1,400ā¬
The need for a capacity of at least 11 kW in non-residential sectors makes
Germany one of the most expensive countries to install a charging point
RESIDENTIAL SECTOR
(3.7 kW)
NON RESIDENTIAL SECTOR
(11 kW)
Cost of the total installation starting from different
pre-installations
Range of prices for a wallbox
36. 36
ITALY INTERVIEW RESULTS
IT
There are specific obligations for any modification of the electric
installations which increase prices in non-residential sector substantially
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
New building Operating
building
New building Operating
building
Pre-tubing Pre-cabling Full installation
EUR
700ā¬ 700ā¬ 700ā¬
Min. Sel. value Max.
Residential
Non residential 3,000ā¬ 3,000ā¬ 3,000ā¬
Preā¢ -installations in
new buildings are
irrelevant (included
in general
construction costs)
Comments about results and interviews
Interviews:ā¢
Total contacted:- 35
Successful interviews:- 1
Only one interview has been successfullyā¢
carried out in Italy with the only company
specialized in EV charging points and
market leader, with about 100 installations
per year (according to interviewee)
This company- owns the 50% of the public
charging points in Italy
EV charging installation services are mainlyā¢
being carried out by general electric
installers
Source: CREARA Analysis
RESIDENTIAL SECTOR NON RESIDENTIAL SECTOR
Cost of the total installation starting from different
pre-installations
Range of prices for a wallbox
37. 37
NETHERLANDS INTERVIEW RESULTS
ā¢ One of the companies interviewed completes
about 3,000 installations per year; the others
around 250
ā¢ The most common charging power for
residential sector is 3,7kW
- It is also possible to find residential charging
points with a power up to 11kW
NL
Despite being a Northern European country, prices in the Netherlands
stand below the average because of the maturity of its market
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
New building Operating
building
New building Operating
building
Pre-tubing Pre-cabling Full installation
EUR
500ā¬ 650ā¬ 800ā¬
Min. Sel. value Max.
Residential
Non residential 700ā¬ 850ā¬ 950ā¬
Comments about results and interviews
ā¢ Interviews:
- Total contacted: 25
- Successful interviews: 4
Source: CREARA Analysis
RESIDENTIAL SECTOR NON RESIDENTIAL SECTOR
Cost of the total installation starting from different
pre-installations
Range of prices for a wallbox
38. 38
SPAIN INTERVIEW RESULTS
SP
One of the companies interviewed completesā¢
about 300 installations per year; the others
below 100
Spanish law already obliges to do preā¢ -tubing
in new residential buildings and feeding
installation of one charging station per 40
parking spaces in non-residential buildings
If the pre- -cabling is done for all parking lots,
then the cost per charging point is
significantly reduced
Spain law obliges to carry out pre-tubing in new residential buildings, as
well as feeding installations in new non-residential buildings
500ā¬ 600ā¬ 700ā¬
Min. Sel. value Max.
Residential
Non residential 600ā¬ 880ā¬ 1,200ā¬
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
2,000
New building Operating
building
New building Operating
building
Pre-tubing Pre-cabling Full installation
EUR
Comments about results and interviews
ā¢ Interviews:
- Total contacted: 52
- Successful interviews: 12
Source: CREARA Analysis
RESIDENTIAL SECTOR NON RESIDENTIAL SECTOR
Cost of the total installation starting from different
pre-installations
Range of prices for a wallbox
39. 39
UK INTERVIEW RESULTS
Note: Ā¹Average exchange rate 2016 used for conversion: ā¬ 1 = Ā£ 0,81948
Source: CREARA Analysis
ā¢ Two of the interviews were carried out with
companies; the third one was completed
with a research center
ā¢ The Office for Low Emission Vehicles
(OLEV) funds
- 75% of the total cost in the residential sector
(capped at Ā£500, including VAT)
- Ā£300 for each socket (up to a maximum of
20) for each application
UK
High installation costs in UK, specially in non-residential sector, are
explained by the range of prices for a wallbox and the exchange rate
610ā¬ 710ā¬ 915ā¬
Min. Sel. value Max.
Residential
Non residential 730ā¬ 1,340ā¬ 1,650ā¬
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
New building Operating
building
New building Operating
building
Pre-tubing Pre-cabling Full installation
EURĀ¹
Comments about results and interviews
ā¢ Interviews:
- Total contacted: 35
- Successful interviews: 3
RESIDENTIAL SECTOR NON RESIDENTIAL SECTOR
Cost of the total installation starting from different
pre-installations
Range of prices for a wallbox
40. 40
Conclusions of the interviewsĀ¹
CONCLUSIONS
Note: Ā¹ Although data is homogeneous, it should be taken into account that the sample is a small sample of the total population
Source: CREARA Analysis
According to the interviewees, preā¢ -installations generally do not make sense in operating buildings
There is no cost advantage in pre- -installing and owners and tenants would rather install a full installation once
there is a need
General
Operating
buildings
New
buildings
ā¢ Spain and France already have in place requirements for new buildings (FI in new non-residential in France,
and feeding installation in new non-residential and pre-tubing for new residential in Spain)
ā¢ In case of the pre-installations in new buildings (spaces for tubing and cabling), builders are including these
activities in their overall workplan and budget, they do not calculate separate costs
- Estimating the costs for pre-tubing and pre-cabling is therefore difficult
ā¢ Completing the installation in several phases is less efficient than building from scratch
- Installing a charging point from scratch is 9.1% - 12.4% cheaper in total costs (depending on the type of building
and the type of pre-installation) than starting from a pre-installation
- The largest cost element is the wallbox
ā¢ The difference between pre-tubing and pre-cabling is mainly the cost of the cable; the process of cabling is
simple and cheap once tubing is done; it only takes some minutes and the main cost are the cables
- There is no significant total cost difference between the two pre-installation options, the question is rather when
which part of the investment is made
ā¢ Generally few pre-installations are being completed at the moment and many interviewees were not aware of
the proposed directive being discussed in Brussels
- Pre-cabling is not usual nowadays because it implies extra costs without knowing if the installation will be used at
some point and if the cabling matches future demand requirements (e.g. charging speed)
- Spain is the only country known to require pre-tubing (in new residential buildings)
ā¢ Installations are generally connected to the electric meter which is placed on the ground or underground
floors in most of the cases
42. Inst. from
pre-
cablingĀ¹
42
FRANCE INTERVIEW RESULTS
370
570
1,300
EUR
Costs in new building
Pre-
tubing
Pre-
cabling
Full
Inst.
Costs in operating building
450
800
1,430
730
EUR
Pre-
tubing
Pre-
cabling
Inst. from
pre-
cablingĀ¹
Full
Inst.
RESIDENTIALSECTOR(3.7kW)
Note: Average is represented by the X; median is represented by the line; Ā¹ āinstall. from cablingā includes wallbox and has the same cost in new and operating
Source: CREARA Analysis
NONRESIDENTIALSECTOR
(7.4kW)
Cost in operating building
530
1,150
2,000
950
EUR
Pre-
tubing
Pre-
cabling
Full
Inst.
420
630
1,565
EUR
Cost in new building
Pre-
tubing
Pre-
cabling
Full
Inst.
43. Full
Inst.
Inst. from
pre-
cablingĀ¹
43
GERMANY INTERVIEW RESULTS
421
569
1,274
EUR
Costs in new buildingCosts in operating building
660
980
1,580
780
EUR
Pre-
tubing
Pre-
cabling
Inst. from
pre-
cablingĀ¹
Full
Inst.
RESIDENTIALSECTOR(3.7kW)
Note: Average is represented by the X; median is represented by the line; Ā¹ āinstall. from cablingā includes wallbox and has the same cost in new and operating
Source: CREARA Analysis
NONRESIDENTIALSECTOR
(11-22kW)
Cost in operating building
980
1,700
2,500
1,224
EUR
Pre-
tubing
Pre-
cabling
675
850
2,090
EUR
Cost in new building
Pre-
tubing
Pre-
cabling
Full
Inst.
Pre-
tubing
Pre-
cabling
Full
Inst.
44. Full
Inst.
Inst. from
pre-
cablingĀ¹
44
ITALY INTERVIEW RESULTS
EUR
Costs in new buildingCosts in operating building
100
800
900
200
EUR
Pre-
tubing
Pre-
cabling
Inst. from
pre-
cablingĀ¹
Full
Inst.
RESIDENTIALSECTOR(3.7kW)
Note: Average is represented by the X; median is represented by the line; Ā¹ āinstall. from cablingā includes wallbox and has the same cost in new and operating
Source: CREARA Analysis
NONRESIDENTIALSECTOR
(7.4kW)
Cost in operating building
150
3,300
6,000
3,000
EUR
Pre-
tubing
Pre-
cabling
EUR
Cost in new building
Pre-
tubing
Pre-
cabling
Full
Inst.
Pre-
tubing
Pre-
cabling
Full
Inst.
No data available
No data available
45. Full
Inst.
Inst. from
pre-
cablingĀ¹
45
NETHERLANDS INTERVIEW RESULTS
210
355
1,025
EUR
Costs in new buildingCosts in operating building
360
790
1,150
550
EUR
Pre-
tubing
Pre-
cabling
Inst. from
pre-
cablingĀ¹
Full
Inst.
RESIDENTIALSECTOR(3.7kW)
Note: Average is represented by the X; median is represented by the line; Ā¹ āinstall. from cablingā includes wallbox and has the same cost in new and operating
Source: CREARA Analysis
NONRESIDENTIALSECTOR
(3.7-11kW)
Cost in operating building
375
1,000
1,525
665
EUR
Pre-
tubing
Pre-
cabling
395
680
1,515
EUR
Cost in new building
Pre-
tubing
Pre-
cabling
Full
Inst.
Pre-
tubing
Pre-
cabling
Full
Inst.
46. Full
Inst.
Inst. from
pre-
cablingĀ¹
46
SPAIN INTERVIEW RESULTS
Costs in operating building
280
780
1,050
430
EUR
Pre-
tubing
Pre-
cabling
Inst. from
pre-
cablingĀ¹
Full
Inst.
RESIDENTIALSECTOR(3.7kW)
Note: Average is represented by the X; median is represented by the line; Ā¹ āinstall. from cablingā includes wallbox and has the same cost in new and operating
Source: CREARA Analysis
NONRESIDENTIALSECTOR
(7.4kW)
Cost in operating building
350
1,150
1,500
625
EUR
Pre-
tubing
Pre-
cabling
225
358
975
EUR
Costs in new building
Pre-
tubing
Pre-
cabling
Full
Inst.
295
520
1,460
EUR
Cost in new building
Pre-
tubing
Pre-
cabling
Full
Inst.
47. Full
Inst.
Inst. from
pre-
cablingĀ¹
47
UK INTERVIEW RESULTS
Costs in operating building
385
915
1,280
570
EUR
Pre-
tubing
Pre-
cabling
Inst. from
pre-
cablingĀ¹
Full
Inst.
RESIDENTIALSECTOR(3.7kW)
Note: Average is represented by the X; median is represented by the line; Ā¹ āinstall. from cablingā includes wallbox and has the same cost in new and operating
Source: CREARA Analysis
NONRESIDENTIALSECTOR
(7.4kW)
Cost in operating building
460
1,565
2,075
690
EUR
Pre-
tubing
Pre-
cabling
300
450
1,165
EUR
Costs in new building
Pre-
tubing
Pre-
cabling
Full
Inst.
345
590
1,940
EUR
Cost in new building
Pre-
tubing
Pre-
cabling
Full
Inst.