Launch OECD report on Productivity and jobs in a globalised worldOECDregions
The launch event for the OECD report Productivity and Jobs in a Globalised World: (How) Can All Regions Benefit? was hosted by the European Committee of the Regions and the European Commission’s Directorate‑General for Regional and Urban Policy. The official launch and press briefing took place in the morning, followed by an in‑depth presentation of the report in the afternoon. The World Bank discussed the report and presented findings from the World Bank report Rethinking Lagging Regions in the EU: evidence-based principles for future Cohesion Policy.
http://www.oecd.org/publications/productivity-and-jobs-in-a-globalised-world-9789264293137-en.htm
The spatial dimension of productivity in Italian co-operatives- Wessel VermeulenOECD CFE
Presentation by Wessel Vermeulen, Economist, OECD Trento Centre at the OECD webinar “Building capacities for enhanced productivity in the co-operative sector” held on 1 December 2021. More information https://www.trento.oecd.org
Region and city-contribution-to-inclusive-growthOECDregions
The Contribution of Regions and Cities to Inclusive Growth, presentation made at the 57th ERSA congress on Social Progress for Reslient Regions, held on 31 August 2017 in Groningen, Netherlands. Presentation by Joaquim Oliveira Martins, OECD Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Local Development and Tourism.
More information: http://www.oecd.org/cfe/regional-policy/
Well Being in Danish cities - measuring local well-being for policymakingOECD Governance
OECD presentation on Well Being in Danish Cities - Overview:
1. Why and how to measure well-being in cities
2. What are the city-regions in Denmark?
3. How do Danish city-regions fare in terms of people’s well-being?
4. How can well-being metrics be used for policy-making?
For more information, see the publication Well-being in Danish Cities http://www.oecd.org/gov/well-being-in-danish-cities-9789264265240-en.htm
Policy Highlights from the publication Regional Outlook 2016, Productive Regions for Inclusive Societies. For more information see http://www.oecd.org/gov/oecd-regional-outlook-2016-9789264260245-en.htm
The contribution of regional policy to inclusive growthOECDregions
Presentation made at the European Week of Regions and Cities, on 10 october 2017 in Brussels, Belgium. Presentation byJoaquim Oliveira Martins, OECD Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Local Development and Tourism.
For more information: http://www.oecd.org/cfe/regional-policy/
OECD Regional Outlook 2016 - Presentation, Brussels, Belgium 11 October 2016OECD Governance
Presentation by Joaquim Oliveira Martins, OECD at the launch of the OECD Regional Outlook 2016. For more information see http://www.oecd.org/gov/oecd-regional-outlook-2016-9789264260245-en.htm
Northern Sparsely Populated Areas - Launch of OECD report, Brussels, 13 March...OECD Governance
Presentation at the launch of the report on Northern Sparsely Populated Areas at the Committee of the Regions, Brussels. For more information see: http://www.oecd.org/gov/regional-policy/oecd-territorial-reviews-the-northern-sparsely-populated-areas-9789264268234-en.htm
Launch OECD report on Productivity and jobs in a globalised worldOECDregions
The launch event for the OECD report Productivity and Jobs in a Globalised World: (How) Can All Regions Benefit? was hosted by the European Committee of the Regions and the European Commission’s Directorate‑General for Regional and Urban Policy. The official launch and press briefing took place in the morning, followed by an in‑depth presentation of the report in the afternoon. The World Bank discussed the report and presented findings from the World Bank report Rethinking Lagging Regions in the EU: evidence-based principles for future Cohesion Policy.
http://www.oecd.org/publications/productivity-and-jobs-in-a-globalised-world-9789264293137-en.htm
The spatial dimension of productivity in Italian co-operatives- Wessel VermeulenOECD CFE
Presentation by Wessel Vermeulen, Economist, OECD Trento Centre at the OECD webinar “Building capacities for enhanced productivity in the co-operative sector” held on 1 December 2021. More information https://www.trento.oecd.org
Region and city-contribution-to-inclusive-growthOECDregions
The Contribution of Regions and Cities to Inclusive Growth, presentation made at the 57th ERSA congress on Social Progress for Reslient Regions, held on 31 August 2017 in Groningen, Netherlands. Presentation by Joaquim Oliveira Martins, OECD Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Local Development and Tourism.
More information: http://www.oecd.org/cfe/regional-policy/
Well Being in Danish cities - measuring local well-being for policymakingOECD Governance
OECD presentation on Well Being in Danish Cities - Overview:
1. Why and how to measure well-being in cities
2. What are the city-regions in Denmark?
3. How do Danish city-regions fare in terms of people’s well-being?
4. How can well-being metrics be used for policy-making?
For more information, see the publication Well-being in Danish Cities http://www.oecd.org/gov/well-being-in-danish-cities-9789264265240-en.htm
Policy Highlights from the publication Regional Outlook 2016, Productive Regions for Inclusive Societies. For more information see http://www.oecd.org/gov/oecd-regional-outlook-2016-9789264260245-en.htm
The contribution of regional policy to inclusive growthOECDregions
Presentation made at the European Week of Regions and Cities, on 10 october 2017 in Brussels, Belgium. Presentation byJoaquim Oliveira Martins, OECD Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Local Development and Tourism.
For more information: http://www.oecd.org/cfe/regional-policy/
OECD Regional Outlook 2016 - Presentation, Brussels, Belgium 11 October 2016OECD Governance
Presentation by Joaquim Oliveira Martins, OECD at the launch of the OECD Regional Outlook 2016. For more information see http://www.oecd.org/gov/oecd-regional-outlook-2016-9789264260245-en.htm
Northern Sparsely Populated Areas - Launch of OECD report, Brussels, 13 March...OECD Governance
Presentation at the launch of the report on Northern Sparsely Populated Areas at the Committee of the Regions, Brussels. For more information see: http://www.oecd.org/gov/regional-policy/oecd-territorial-reviews-the-northern-sparsely-populated-areas-9789264268234-en.htm
National Prosperity Through Modern Rural Policy- 10th OECD Rural Conference, ...OECD Governance
This conference will mark the 10th meeting of the world’s leading policy officials, international experts and representatives from the private sector for discussing best practices for rural areas. This meeting will take stock of the evolution and progress made in rural development since the first conference held in 2002. For more information please see www.oecd.org/rural/rural-development-conference/
Presentation of the OECD Territorial Review of the Netherlands, The Hague, Ne...OECD Governance
Presentation of the OECD Territorial Review of the Netherlands, The Hague, Netherlands, 24nd April, 2014. Presented by Enrique Garcilazo, David Bartolini & Isabelle Chatry from the OECD's Public Governance and Territorial Development directorate. More information on this publication can be found at www.oecd.org/gov/regional-policy/territorial-review-netherlands.htm
Subnational Governments Around the World: Part III country profilesOECD Governance
Part III Country profiles: Subnational Governments Around the World is a joint OECD/United Cities and Local Government (UCLG) study presenting presents the main organisational and financial indicators related to subnational governments in 101 federal and unitary countries worldwide.
For more information see
http://www.oecd.org/gov/regional-policy/
Northern Sparsely Populated Areas - OECD Report OECD Governance
The northern sparsely populated areas (NSPA) of Finland, Norway and Sweden are becoming increasingly important to the geopolitical and
economic interests of these countries and the European Union (EU). The NSPA regions are located on the periphery of Europe and are part of Europe’s gateway to the Arctic and eastern Russia.
A changing climate, access to hydrocarbon and mineral resources, and shifts in relations with Russia are changing the political and economic
landscape. The sustainable development of these regions is crucial to managing such strategic risks and opportunities.
The report sets out 179 policy recommendations at a cross-border, national and regional scale to enhance prosperity and wellbeing across the NSPA. For more inforamtion see www.oecd.org/gov/regional-policy/oecd-territorial-reviews-the-northern-sparsely-populated-areas-9789264268234-en.htm
OECD Regions and Cities at a Glance 2018 - OverviewOECD CFE
Presentation by Rudiger Ahrend, Head of Economic Analysis, Statistics and Multi-level Governance at the OECD Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions and Cities at the second meeting of the Spatial productivity Lab of the OECD Trento Centre held on 4 December 2018.
More info http://oe.cd/SPL
Sweden's output has been lifted by an expanding labour force, investment and a recent pick-up in productivity.Unemployment is receding, although it remains relatively high for vulnerable groups, notably the foreign-born.
OECD Regional Outlook 2016 and related researchOECD Governance
Presentation of OECD Regional Outlook 2016 and related research made at the Seminar on "Innovations and challenges in the management of a regional policy, held in Bratislava, Slovak Republic, 22 February 2017. Presentation by Joaquim Oliveira Martins, Regional Development Policy Division, OECD.
More information: www.oecd.org/gov/regional-policy/innovations-and-challenges.htm
OECD productivity and jobs in a globalised worldJeanette Duboys
Presentation made at the Workshop of the Commission for Economic Policy on International trade and globalisation – Implications for regional growth, employment and industrial renewal in Brussels, Belgium on 22 January 2018, by Alexander Lembcke, OECD Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions and Cities.
Productivity, regional policy and economic governanceOECD Governance
Presenation on Productivity, Regional Policy and Economic Governance made at the EU Cohesion Policy Conference in Bratislava on “Past Evidence, Current Experience and Future Perspectives” held in Bratislava, Slovak Republic on 15-16 September. Presentation by Mr. Joaquim Oliveira Martins, Head Regional Development Policy Division.
More info: www.oecd.org/gov/regional-policy/
Regional development policy in OECD countriesOECDregions
Presentation on Regional Development Policy in OECD countries, evidence and policy, made at the launch of the Regional Development Program of the University of Southern Denmark. Presentation by Paulo Veneri, Territorial Analysis and Statistics, OECD Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Local Development and Tourism.
More information: http://www.oecd.org/cfe/regional-policy/
National Prosperity Through Modern Rural Policy- 10th OECD Rural Conference, ...OECD Governance
This conference will mark the 10th meeting of the world’s leading policy officials, international experts and representatives from the private sector for discussing best practices for rural areas. This meeting will take stock of the evolution and progress made in rural development since the first conference held in 2002. For more information please see www.oecd.org/rural/rural-development-conference/
Presentation of the OECD Territorial Review of the Netherlands, The Hague, Ne...OECD Governance
Presentation of the OECD Territorial Review of the Netherlands, The Hague, Netherlands, 24nd April, 2014. Presented by Enrique Garcilazo, David Bartolini & Isabelle Chatry from the OECD's Public Governance and Territorial Development directorate. More information on this publication can be found at www.oecd.org/gov/regional-policy/territorial-review-netherlands.htm
Subnational Governments Around the World: Part III country profilesOECD Governance
Part III Country profiles: Subnational Governments Around the World is a joint OECD/United Cities and Local Government (UCLG) study presenting presents the main organisational and financial indicators related to subnational governments in 101 federal and unitary countries worldwide.
For more information see
http://www.oecd.org/gov/regional-policy/
Northern Sparsely Populated Areas - OECD Report OECD Governance
The northern sparsely populated areas (NSPA) of Finland, Norway and Sweden are becoming increasingly important to the geopolitical and
economic interests of these countries and the European Union (EU). The NSPA regions are located on the periphery of Europe and are part of Europe’s gateway to the Arctic and eastern Russia.
A changing climate, access to hydrocarbon and mineral resources, and shifts in relations with Russia are changing the political and economic
landscape. The sustainable development of these regions is crucial to managing such strategic risks and opportunities.
The report sets out 179 policy recommendations at a cross-border, national and regional scale to enhance prosperity and wellbeing across the NSPA. For more inforamtion see www.oecd.org/gov/regional-policy/oecd-territorial-reviews-the-northern-sparsely-populated-areas-9789264268234-en.htm
OECD Regions and Cities at a Glance 2018 - OverviewOECD CFE
Presentation by Rudiger Ahrend, Head of Economic Analysis, Statistics and Multi-level Governance at the OECD Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions and Cities at the second meeting of the Spatial productivity Lab of the OECD Trento Centre held on 4 December 2018.
More info http://oe.cd/SPL
Sweden's output has been lifted by an expanding labour force, investment and a recent pick-up in productivity.Unemployment is receding, although it remains relatively high for vulnerable groups, notably the foreign-born.
OECD Regional Outlook 2016 and related researchOECD Governance
Presentation of OECD Regional Outlook 2016 and related research made at the Seminar on "Innovations and challenges in the management of a regional policy, held in Bratislava, Slovak Republic, 22 February 2017. Presentation by Joaquim Oliveira Martins, Regional Development Policy Division, OECD.
More information: www.oecd.org/gov/regional-policy/innovations-and-challenges.htm
OECD productivity and jobs in a globalised worldJeanette Duboys
Presentation made at the Workshop of the Commission for Economic Policy on International trade and globalisation – Implications for regional growth, employment and industrial renewal in Brussels, Belgium on 22 January 2018, by Alexander Lembcke, OECD Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions and Cities.
Productivity, regional policy and economic governanceOECD Governance
Presenation on Productivity, Regional Policy and Economic Governance made at the EU Cohesion Policy Conference in Bratislava on “Past Evidence, Current Experience and Future Perspectives” held in Bratislava, Slovak Republic on 15-16 September. Presentation by Mr. Joaquim Oliveira Martins, Head Regional Development Policy Division.
More info: www.oecd.org/gov/regional-policy/
Regional development policy in OECD countriesOECDregions
Presentation on Regional Development Policy in OECD countries, evidence and policy, made at the launch of the Regional Development Program of the University of Southern Denmark. Presentation by Paulo Veneri, Territorial Analysis and Statistics, OECD Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Local Development and Tourism.
More information: http://www.oecd.org/cfe/regional-policy/
Presentation made at the Workshop of the Commission for Economic Policy on International trade and globalisation – Implications for regional growth, employment and industrial renewal in Brussels, Belgium on 22 January 2018, by Alexander Lembcke, OECD Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions and Cities.
More information: http://www.oecd.org/cfe/regional-policy/
How can productivity be shared and inclusive across space?OECDregions
Presentation on productivity gain across regions and cities, made at the OECD Global Forum on Productivity, held on 26-27 June 2017 in Budapest, Hungary. Presentaiton by Rudiger Ahrend, Head of OECD work on Urban Policy.
More information on regional development policy:
http://www.oecd.org/cfe/regional-policy/
Fiscal relations across levels of government and regional disparitiesOECD Governance
Presentation on Fiscal Relations Across Levels of Government and Regional Disparities made at the 2016 ZEW Public Finance Conference - Fiscal Equalisation in Europe held in Mannheim, Germany on 25-26 April 2016, made by David Bartolini, Economist, Regional Development Policy, OECD.
www.oecd.org/gov/regional-policy/
International trade in services survey
Market services turnover Spain
Harmonized index of labour costs Spain
Global debt
Industrial production prices Germany
Consumer and industrial production prices China
Productivity, agglomeration and metropolitan governanceOECD Governance
Presentation made by Joaquim Oliveira Martins, Head Regional Development Policy, OECD, at the Global Forum on Productivity, held in Lisbon Portugal on 7-8 July 2016.
www.oecd.org/gov/regional-policy/
Session by Gabriela Ramos, Chief of Staff, G20 Sherpa and Special Counsellor to the Secretary-General, OECD
Among the myriad challenges facing our economies, few pose greater obstacles to better economic performance than the productivity slowdown and the rise in inequalities. Are they influencing each other? OECD work on the productivity-inclusiveness nexus, presented at the 2016 OECD Ministerial Council Meeting, sets out what we know about the interactions between productivity and inclusiveness, identifies knowledge gaps, and charts win-win policies that boost productivity and tackle inequality.
Despite advances in business and technological transformations, we can no longer assume that they will automatically lead to better economic performance and stronger productivity growth. And there is no guarantee that the benefits of higher levels of growth, or higher levels of productivity in certain sectors, will be shared across the population as a whole. This session will explore how policy makers can adopt a broader, more inclusive approach to productivity growth – one that considers how to expand the productive assets of an economy by investing in individuals’ skills and providing an environment where enterprises have a fair chance to succeed, including in lagging regions, generating strong and sustainable growth and opportunities for all.
The least developed countries and Sustainable Development Goalsموحد مسعود
LDCs and Rural Transformation: from MDGs to SDGs
Agricultural productivity, Development of non-farm activities
The Gender Dimension, Transforming Rural Economies in the Post-2015 Era: A Policy Agenda
Low density regions: places of opportunityOECDregions
Presentation on low density regions made at the DG Agri at the European Commission on Future Orientation of OECD’s Work on Rural Policy. Presentation made by Enrique Garcilazo, Head Rural Policy, OECD Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Local Development and Tourism.
More information: http://www.oecd.org/regional/regional-policy/oecdworkonruraldevelopment.htm
Regional development policies: The Case of Sweden and the NSPAOECDregions
Presentation on Regional development policies: The Case of Sweden and the NSPA by Chris McDonald, Regional Development and Tourism Division, Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Local Development and Tourism.
Presentation of Prof. Lars Feld - The Economic Situation in EMU - Where do we...Bankenverband
GCEE Business Cycle Update, March 2018: “In the euro area, the level of indebtedness of many member states remains very high. This is particularly true of Italy where the national debt stands at over 130 % of GDP. Should financial markets lose confidence in the sustainability of public debt on account of the political uncertainty resulting from the outcome of the election, given the size of the Italian economy a return of the euro crisis cannot be ruled out. Furthermore, risks to financial stability continue to persist in certain member states due to the fragility of many banks, particularly with regard to the extent of non-performing loans.”
Similar to The contribution of regions to the productivity of nations - Oliveira Martins, OECD (20)
Servizio Civile Universale - Serena SUSIGANOECD CFE
Presentazione di Serena Susigan, Direttrice, ENDO-FAP, Servizio Civile Universale Don Orione, Liguria, all'evento OCSE "Scegliere il Servizio Civile Universale: un dialogo sulle opportunità di impiego dei giovani in Italia", tenutosi a Trento il 6 febbraio 2024.
Maggiori informazioni: https://www.oecd.org/cfe/leed/oecd-ucs-6-feb.htm
Servizio Civile Universale - Federica DE LUCAOECD CFE
Presentazione di Federica De Luca, Ricercatrice all’Istituto Nazionale per l’Analisi delle Politiche Pubbliche (INAPP), Referente di progetto “Monitoraggio e Valutazione del Servizio Civile Universale”, all'evento OCSE "Scegliere il Servizio Civile Universale: un dialogo sulle opportunità di impiego dei giovani in Italia", tenutosi a Trento il 6 febbraio 2024.
Maggiori informazioni: https://www.oecd.org/cfe/leed/oecd-ucs-6-feb.htm
Servizio Civile Universale - Cristina PASCHETTAOECD CFE
Presentazione di Cristina Paschetta, Responsabile Progettazione, gestione bandi e volontari, accreditamento nuove sedi, Consorzio Monviso solidale, Piemonte, all'evento OCSE "Scegliere il Servizio Civile Universale: un dialogo sulle opportunità di impiego dei giovani in Italia", tenutosi a Trento il 6 febbraio 2024.
Maggiori informazioni: https://www.oecd.org/cfe/leed/oecd-ucs-6-feb.htm
FDI and Superstar Spillovers: Evidence from Firm-to-Firm Transactions - Amit...OECD CFE
FDI and Superstar Spillovers: Evidence from Firm-to-Firm Transactions
Mary AMITI (FED New York, United States)
Despite competition concerns over the increasing dominance of global corporations, many argue that productivity spillovers from multinationals to domestic firms justify pro-FDI policies. For the first time, we use firm-to-firm transaction data in a developed country to examine the impact of forming a new relationship with a multinational, and find a TFP increase of about 8% three or more years after the event. Sales to other buyers, trade and customer quality also increase. However, we also document that starting to supply other “superstar firms” such as those who heavily export or are very large also increases performance by similar amounts, even if the superstar is a non-multinational. Placebos on starting relationships with smaller firms and novel identification strategies relying solely on demand shocks to superstar firms support a causal interpretation. In addition to productivity spillovers, we document the transmission of “relationship capabilities” and “dating agency” effects as the increase in new buyers is particularly strong within the superstar firm’s existing network. These results suggest an important role for raising productivity through the supply chains of superstar firms regardless of their multinational status.
Find out more at https://oe.cd/spl-mtg
E-invoicing data for functional territories definition: the use case of pharm...OECD CFE
E-invoicing data for functional territories definition: the use case of pharmacies
Maria AURINDO (National Institute of Statistics, Portugal)
The presentation illustrates how a new Business-to-Consumer (B2C) database extracted from the Portuguese E-invoice system can be an important tool to explore the functional territories concept taking the pharmacies catchment areas as an example. The discussion addresses data integration methodological options and how Statistics Portugal infrastructural information domains – Business register, Building and fraction register and Population register – were crucial for this exercise, developed within the CE-SIG – Map of facilities and services project.
Find out more at https://oe.cd/spl-mtg
Mapping location and co-location of industries at the neighborhood level - A...OECD CFE
Mapping location and co-location of industries at the neighborhood level
Alessandro ALASIA, Dennis HUYNH (Statistics Canada)
In Canada, there is limited analysis on industry locations at the neighbourhood level; location and co-location of industries have been assessed primarily at the regional scale which results in an information gap for businesses. Recent evidence suggests that businesses do not just choose a city for their location, they choose specific business districts within a metropolitan area. Recent improvements in the geolocation of business microdata allow to address the information gap. This work, undertaken as part of the Business Data Lab and in collaboration with the Canadian Chamber of Commerce, is a first attempt to map industry locations at the neighbourhood level in major metropolitan areas of Canada. Using establishment-level microdata from the Business Register, we apply spatial kernel density estimations to identify neighbourhoods with high employment/revenue density for selected industries (2-digit NAICS) and industry clusters (grouping of 6-digits NAICS). The geographic delineation of business districts within metropolitan areas is the first step in understanding the evolution of industry location and co-location over time, and assessing local business dynamics at the neighbourhood level. Ultimately, these business districts can be analyzed in combination with additional data sources (e.g., mobility and road traffic) to derive further economic insights.
Find out more at https://oe.cd/spl-mtg
Advancing and democratizing business data in Canada- Patrick Gill & Stephen TappOECD CFE
Democratizing data through innovative data governance and visualizations
Patrick GILL, Stephen TAPP (Chambers of Commerce, Canada)
Small organizations in Canada struggle with accessing and leveraging data on business conditions and trends. These organizations have expressed difficulty in knowing what is available, accessing it and converting this information into actionable insights. To empower small organizations with more business-related information and insights, the Canadian Chamber of Commerce has built a suite of free tools that merge and visualize traditional statistics with powerful high-frequency data sets (e.g. payments and mobility). This work is enabled by innovate data governance (e.g. a data trust) and a collaborative partnership with Statistics Canada. The Canadian Chamber of Commerce is continuing work with Statistics Canada to release more local business information available through the agency’s Business Register (e.g. the mapping of local business districts), and is exploring how Generative AI can support small organizations’ navigation and understanding of the business information it has curated.
Find out more at https://oe.cd/spl-mtg
Firm-level production networks: evidence from Estonia - Louise GuillouetOECD CFE
The market microstructure of industrial ecosystems in the digital and green transitions: evidence from Estonia
Louise GUILLOUET (Science, Technology and Innovation Directorate, OECD)
Thanks to a unique combination of administrative and survey data matched to the Estonian VAT data, this project studies how information on transaction data can shed light on industrial policy making, through two different angles: 1/ Improving the understanding of the production network, industrial ecosystems and the relevant unit of analysis for industrial policy design and 2/ An application to the diffusion of the green and digital transitions, showing the role of production network in technology diffusion and how this can be leveraged to increase policy effectiveness.
Find out more at https://oe.cd/spl-mtg
Horizon 2020 - research networks across borders - Rupert KawkaOECD CFE
Involvement of rural regions in European research networks
Rupert KAWKA, Torsten SCHUNDER (Federal Office for Building and regional Planning, Germany)
This study investigates the distribution of the European Union's Horizon 2020 funding programme on rural and urban regions between 2014 and 2020 and the resulting urban-rural links. Leveraging the Horizon 2020-database covering the 2014-20 programming period, which encompasses data on approximately 35,000 funded projects involving nearly 180,000 partners, the paper explores the participation of rural firms and organisations in the broader European research framework. By integrating the urban-rural classification of NUTS 3 regions, the research addresses key questions concerning the involvement of rural regions in Horizon 2020 projects, the structural differences in projects with and without rural participation, and the dynamics of urban-rural collaboration in research. The study further aims to identify potential clusters of rural innovation hubs across Europe and assess spatial disparities.
Find out more at https://oe.cd/spl-mtg
How can the social and solidarity economy help refugees along their journey?OECD CFE
Forcibly displaced people fleeing violent conflict and other forms of persecution find support from the social and solidarity economy (SSE) along their pathways, from their country of origin to asylum protection. The numbers are growing and new OECD work sheds light on how the specific values and characteristics of SSE entities provide high-quality responses to refugee needs and facilitate integration in host communities.
The SSE can support access to rights, empowerment, social and labour market inclusion of refugees. Join this webinar with the UNHCR, SINGA and NESsT Poland to discover how the SSE plays a role in the steps along the way of refugee’s journey.
Data-driven regional productivity scorecards in the United Kingdom - Raquel O...OECD CFE
Presentation by Raquel Ortega-Argilés, Professor of Economics, Manchester University and Director of the Productivity Laboratory, The Productivity Institute, United Kingdom at the 21st OECD Spatial Productivity Lab meeting on "Rebooting regional productivity: from analysis to policy", held in virtual format on 18 October 2023.
This webinar focused on recent initiatives from the Basque Country in Spain, the United Kingdom, and Trentino in Italy, where the analysis of subnational economic data is used to compare productivity performance across regions, understand which economic and social factors drive regional productivity, and how regional productivity links to other economic and social outcomes.
More OECD information: https://oe.cd/SPL
Visit our website: www.oecd.org/cfe
Follow us on Twitter: @OECD_local
Competitiveness for Wellbeing - Basque Country - James Wilson.pdfOECD CFE
Presentation by James Wilson, Research Director, Orkestra, Basque Institute for Competitiveness, Spain at the 21st OECD Spatial Productivity Lab meeting on "Rebooting regional productivity: from analysis to policy", held in virtual format on 18 October 2023.
This webinar focused on recent initiatives from the Basque Country in Spain, the United Kingdom, and Trentino in Italy, where the analysis of subnational economic data is used to compare productivity performance across regions, understand which economic and social factors drive regional productivity, and how regional productivity links to other economic and social outcomes.
More OECD information: https://oe.cd/SPL
Visit our website: www.oecd.org/cfe
Follow us on Twitter: @OECD_local
The productivity board of the autonomous province of Trento - Carlo Menon.pdfOECD CFE
Presentation by Carlo Menon, Economist, Trento Centre for Local Development, CFE, OECD at the 21st OECD Spatial Productivity Lab meeting on "Rebooting regional productivity: from analysis to policy", held in virtual format on 18 October 2023.
This webinar focused on recent initiatives from the Basque Country in Spain, the United Kingdom, and Trentino in Italy, where the analysis of subnational economic data is used to compare productivity performance across regions, understand which economic and social factors drive regional productivity, and how regional productivity links to other economic and social outcomes.
More OECD information: https://oe.cd/SPL
Visit our website: www.oecd.org/cfe
Follow us on Twitter: @OECD_local
Rafforzare il partenariato e la cooperazione internazionale in Friuli Venezia...OECD CFE
Presentazione di Mattia Corbetta, Policy Analyst al Centro OCSE di Trento per lo Sviluppo Locale per il lancio del rapporto OCSE "Rafforzare il partenariato e la cooperazione internazionale in Friuli Venezia Giulia", 4 ottobre 2023, Trieste.
Maggiori informazioni www.trento.oecd.org
Immersive technologies and new audiences for classical ballet-RogersOECD CFE
Presentation by Tom Rogers, Creative Digital Producer, Birmingham Royal Ballet, United Kingdom at the 6th Summer Academy on Cultural and Creative Industries and Local Development "Disrupting tradition: How digital technology is changing the cultural and creative processes", 18-20 Sept. 2023 ONLINE and 27-29 Sept. 2023 ONSITE (Trento, Italy).
More info: https://oe.cd/sacci
Visit our website: www.oecd.org/cfe
Follow us on Twitter: @OECD_local
Data-driven art residencies to reshape the media value chain-BlotOECD CFE
Presentation by Manon Blot, Project Manager, Cultural and Artistic activities and EU projects, France at the 6th Summer Academy on Cultural and Creative Industries and Local Development "Disrupting tradition: How digital technology is changing the cultural and creative processes", 18-20 Sept. 2023 ONLINE and 27-29 Sept. 2023 ONSITE (Trento, Italy).
More info: https://oe.cd/sacci
Visit our website: www.oecd.org/cfe
Follow us on Twitter: @OECD_local
Presentation by Lara Assi, United Kingdom, & Natalie Lama, Jordan at the 6th Summer Academy on Cultural and Creative Industries and Local Development "Disrupting tradition: How digital technology is changing the cultural and creative processes", 18-20 Sept. 2023 ONLINE and 27-29 Sept. 2023 ONSITE (Trento, Italy).
More info: https://oe.cd/sacci
Visit our website: www.oecd.org/cfe
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Presentation by Harry Verwayen, General Director, Europeana Foundation, the Netherlands at the 6th Summer Academy on Cultural and Creative Industries and Local Development "Disrupting tradition: How digital technology is changing the cultural and creative processes", 18-20 Sept. 2023 ONLINE and 27-29 Sept. 2023 ONSITE (Trento, Italy).
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01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
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हम आग्रह करते हैं कि जो भी सत्ता में आए, वह संविधान का पालन करे, उसकी रक्षा करे और उसे बनाए रखे।" प्रस्ताव में कुल तीन प्रमुख हस्तक्षेप और उनके तंत्र भी प्रस्तुत किए गए। पहला हस्तक्षेप स्वतंत्र मीडिया को प्रोत्साहित करके, वास्तविकता पर आधारित काउंटर नैरेटिव का निर्माण करके और सत्तारूढ़ सरकार द्वारा नियोजित मनोवैज्ञानिक हेरफेर की रणनीति का मुकाबला करके लोगों द्वारा निर्धारित कथा को बनाए रखना और उस पर कार्यकरना था।
In a May 9, 2024 paper, Juri Opitz from the University of Zurich, along with Shira Wein and Nathan Schneider form Georgetown University, discussed the importance of linguistic expertise in natural language processing (NLP) in an era dominated by large language models (LLMs).
The authors explained that while machine translation (MT) previously relied heavily on linguists, the landscape has shifted. “Linguistics is no longer front and center in the way we build NLP systems,” they said. With the emergence of LLMs, which can generate fluent text without the need for specialized modules to handle grammar or semantic coherence, the need for linguistic expertise in NLP is being questioned.
03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
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‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
role of women and girls in various terror groupssadiakorobi2
Women have three distinct types of involvement: direct involvement in terrorist acts; enabling of others to commit such acts; and facilitating the disengagement of others from violent or extremist groups.
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The contribution of regions to the productivity of nations - Oliveira Martins, OECD
1. THE CONTRIBUTION OF
REGIONS TO THE
PRODUCTIVITY OF NATIONS
OECD TRENTO CENTRE – SPATIAL PRODUCTIVITY
SEMINARS, 21 FEB 2018
Joaquim Oliveira Martins, OECD/CFE
6. Regional productivity has diverged
in the OECD, slowing since the crisis
Notes: Average of top 10% and bottom 10% TL2 regions, selected for each year. Top and bottom regions are the aggregation of
regions with the highest and lowest GDP per worker and representing 10% of national employment. 19 countries with data included.
Source: OECD Regional Outlook 2016
Averages
of top
10%
(frontier),
bottom
75%, and
bottom
10%
(lagging)
regional
GDP per
worker,
TL2
regions
50 000
60 000
70 000
80 000
90 000
100 000
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
USD PPP per employee
Frontier regions Lagging regions 75% of regions
1.6% per year
1.3% per year
1.3% per year
60% increase
7. A majority of regions have flat or declining
labour productivity catching-up
Type of regions Employment
share in
2000
GDP share in
2000
Annual avg.
GDP growth,
2000-13
GDP growth
contribution
Frontier 16.1% 20.1% 1.7% 21.9%
Catching up 20.3% 18.2% 2.2% 25.3%
Keeping pace 38.9% 39.1% 1.3% 30.4%
Diverging 24.6% 22.6% 1.6% 22.4%
OECD average 1.6%
Note: Frontier regions are fixed for the 2000-13 period. In four countries the values for 2000 or 2013
were extrapolated from growth rates over a shorter time period as data for 2000 or 2013 were not
available. The countries are FIN (2000-12), HUN (2000-12), NLD (2001-13) and KOR (2004-13).
62% of OECD GDP is generated in regions were productivity is
Keeping pace or Diverging. They contributed to 53% of GDP growth
8. The contribution of regions to national productivity
growth: two main types of EU countries
8
Source: Bachtler, Oliveira Martins, Wostner and Zuber(2017), “TOWARDS
COHESION POLICY 4.0”, Regional Studies Association.
Type-I (distributed): Austria, Germany, Czech Republic, Spain,
Italy, Poland, Portugal and Romania. Most of the productivity
performance of these countries is the result of the catching-up of the
lagging regions. The frontier regions sustain high productivity levels, but
productivity growth dynamics occur elsewhere in the country.
Type-II (concentrated): Bulgaria, Denmark, France, United
Kingdom, Finland, Greece, Hungary, Netherlands, Slovak
Republic and Sweden. In these countries, most of the productivity
dynamics is concentrated at the frontier with limited effects from the
catching-up process.
9. Illustrations of the two regional
productivity models, 2000-2014
NB: The contribution of a region is defined as the difference between the national annual
average labour productivity growth rate and the same rate excluding the indicated region, cf.
OECD Regional Outlook (2016).
GERMANY (TYPE I) FRANCE (TYPE II)
10. Illustrations of the two regional
productivity models, 2000-2014
The contribution of a region is defined as the difference between the national annual average
labour productivity growth rate and the same rate excluding the indicated region, cf. OECD
Regional Outlook (2016).
UK (TYPE II)SPAIN (TYPE I)
11. Distributed model (Type I), 2000-2014
The contribution of a region is defined as the difference between the national annual average
labour productivity growth rate and the same rate excluding the indicated region, cf. OECD
Regional Outlook (2016).
SPAIN ITALY
12. Distributed model (Type I), 2000-2014
The contribution of a region is defined as the difference between the national annual average
labour productivity growth rate and the same rate excluding the indicated region, cf. OECD
Regional Outlook (2016).
POLAND PORTUGAL
13. Concentrated model (Type II), 2000-2014
SWEDEN
The contribution of a region is defined as the difference between the national annual average
labour productivity growth rate and the same rate excluding the indicated region, cf. OECD
Regional Outlook (2016).
DENMARK
14. Concentrated model (Type II), 2000-2014
GREECE
The contribution of a region is defined as the difference between the national annual average
labour productivity growth rate and the same rate excluding the indicated region, cf. OECD
Regional Outlook (2016).
HUNGARY
16. Productivity trends for Type I and Type II
countries
Type I (Distributed) countries Type II (concentrated) countries
There was productivity convergence for Type I countries
Type II countries displayed productivity divergence
55 000
65 000
75 000
85 000
95 000
105 000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Frontier Top 10% Lagging Bottom 90%
in USD
1% per year
1.1% per year
55 000
65 000
75 000
85 000
95 000
105 000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Frontier Top 10% Lagging Bottom 90%
in USD
1.6% per year
0.9% per year
17. Comparison of (unweighted) productivity growth
for Type I and Type II countries
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Unweighted TYPE I Unweighted TYPE II
Average productivity growth Type I: 1.25%
Average productivity growth Type II: 1.34%
18. Comparison of (weighted) productivity growth for
Type I and Type II countries
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Weighted TYPE I Weighted TYPE II
Average productivity growth Type I: 1.07%
Average productivity growth Type II: 1.12%
19. Comparison of Regional inequalities for Type I
and Type II countries (OECD TL2 regions)
Gini of GDP per capita -
weighted averages TL2 regions
0.1
0.11
0.12
0.13
0.14
0.15
0.16
0.17
0.18
0.19
0.2
Type I Type II
Gini of GDP per capita –
simple averages TL2 regions
0.13
0.14
0.15
0.16
0.17
0.18
Type I Type II
Type II countries displayed an increase of regional inequality,
especially before the crisis
20. Comparison of Regional inequalities for Type I
and Type II countries (OECD TL3 regions)
Gini of GDP per capita -
weighted averages TL3 regions
Gini of GDP per capita –
simple averages TL3 regions
0.14
0.15
0.16
0.17
0.18
0.19
0.2
0.21
0.22
0.23
Type I Type II
0.13
0.14
0.15
0.16
0.17
0.18
Type I Type II
Type II countries displayed an increase of regional inequality,
especially before the crisis
21. How can regional and
urban policies better
contribute to inclusive
growth?
22. Regional Policies should promote
rural-urban linkages
22
Source: OECD Regional Outlook 2016
Average annual labor productivity growth rate 2000-12 (%)
23. Proximity to cities promote productivity
of rural areas
88%
89%
90%
91%
92%
93%
94%
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Total
RURAL
RURAL CLOSE TO
CITIES
RURAL REMOTE
Productivity levels of Predominantly
Urban regions = 100
24. Tradable sectors are important for
regional productivity catching-up
All tradable sectors, TL2 regions
Notes: Tradable sectors are defined by a selection of the 10 industries defined in the SNA 2008. They include: agriculture (A), industry
(BCDE), information and communication (J), financial and insurance activities (K), and other services (R to U). Non tradable sectors are
composed of construction, distributive trade, repairs, transport, accommodation, food services activities (GHI), real estate activities (L),
business services (MN), and public administration (OPQ).
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Frontier Catching-up Diverging Frontier Catchin
Tradable GVA share Tradable emplo
2013 2000
%
er Catching-up Diverging Frontier Catching-up Diverging
Tradable GVA share Tradable employment share
2013 2000
26. 26
An example of a large structural adjustment in the
tradable sector: Region Norte (Portugal)
2000-07 2008-13
+64 000 jobs
-98 000 jobs
-9 000 jobs
-67 000 jobs
-101 000 jobs
Non-tradable sectors
contributed to GVA
growth through
employment growth,
tradable sectors by
productivity growth
+12 000 jobs
27. Better metro governance improve
productivity and reduce inequalities
27
-.05
0
.05
.1
.15
0 .2 .4 .6 .8 1
Administrative fragmentation
Higher administrative
fragmentation reduces city
productivity premia
Higher administrative
fragmentation increases
municipal inequality and
segregation
29. The role of decentralisation
Designing place-based policies is too complex task to be
centralised. A central government cannot have as many
policies as different types of cities and regions
But decentralisation needs to be organised as a
partnership and not only as a process of autonomy and
devolution of competencies
Decentralisation works better when it is done in a process
allowing for the asymmetry of capacities at the local level
and experimentation (learning-by-doing)
30. TCDGIN COGKHM MLTGRM DOMJAM AZEBENMWIBFA CRI CYPTUNSEN MUSMLI JORARMPRYSLVZWE MYSCHLHNDUGAPSEKEN GRCMARTZA THA IRLTURALB
CPV
ECU NZL
NGAKGZ GEO ISRMNE SVKPRTIDN
HUNGHA SRB BGR LTUPER ROU KAZMNGMDA SVNEST CZELVA
GBRFRAPHL HRVMEXCOL POL ISLKOR NLDIND ITAUKR NOR
JPN AUS
AUT
USA
VNM CHEDEUCHN
ESPZAF
BRA BEL
FIN
RUS SWE
CAN
DNK
ARG
R² = 0.3555
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000
SNGexpenditureasa%ofGDP
GDP per capita (USD PPP)
Decentralisation seems to be a feature of
development (like urbanisation)
31. Central Government
Ministerial Departments
Sub-national Governments
Inter Governmental
Council
(ex. COAG, Australia)
Regional Agencies
(ex. Canada, Brazil)
Contracts
(ex. France)
Special Commission
(Delta, Netherlands)
Whatever the type of system – federal, regionalised, unitary – policies
need to be aligned across levels of government
There are different models for cooperation
across levels of government
Conditionalities
( ex. EU
programming)
32. 32
Supra-municipal cooperation help to
overcome governance fragmentation
Elaborated from http://www.municipal-cooperation.org
France
Italy
Spain
Portugal
Norway,
Sweden
Netherlands
CHILE
England
New Zealand
Australia
Ireland
France
Netherlands
Slovakia
Belgium
Different sources of revenues depending on the status
33. Make planning more flexible and policy coordination
may improve Housing sectors
How land is used
Public policies aimed at steering
land use
• Spatial planning
• Transport planning
• Land use planning
• Environmental regulations
• Building code regulations
Public policies not targeted at land use
• Tax policies
• Transport taxes and subsidies
• Fiscal systems and inter-governmental
transfers
• Agricultural policies
• Energy policies
How land is permitted to be used How individuals and businesses
want to use land
34. • Invest using an integrated strategy tailored to different places
• Adopt effective co-ordination instruments across levels of
government
• Co-ordinate across SNGs to invest at the relevant scale
Pillar 1
Co-ordinate across
governments and
policy areas
• Assess upfront long term impacts and risks
• Encourage stakeholder involvement throughout investment cycle
• Mobilise private actors and financing institutions
• Reinforce the expertise of public officials & institutions
• Focus on results and promote learning
Pillar 2
Strengthen capacities
and promote policy
learning across levels of
government
• Develop a fiscal framework adapted to the objectives pursued
• Require sound, transparent financial management
• Promote transparency and strategic use of procurement
• Strive for quality and consistency in regulatory systems across
levels of government
Pillar 3
Ensure sound framework
conditions at all levels of
government
The OECD Recommendation on Effective Public
Investment across Levels of Government
35. The administrative burden in many programmes
remains high
We often under-estimate the importance of building
relationships (and trust) across levels of government
We continue to expect results when organisational
and individual incentives are aligned to the contrary
We create systems to promote performance but in
the end we promote compliance
Governance lessons for the redesign
of regional policies
Source: Proceedings of EC/OECD Governance seminars (forthcoming)
Given the structural factors dragging down EU potential, a labour productivity revival is the only hope for sustaining growth
But unfortunately the slowdown appears to be structural, not cyclical
Both capital per worker and, especially, MFP have been lingering since the beginning of the century
The last Regional Outlook highlighted the growing divide between the top regions (frontier) and the rest in terms of productivity levels.
This divide had grown by 60% OVER XX. % over the last almost two decades. However, since the crisis (as noted by the red line) it seems that wider gap has stabilised.
What does it mean
This is taken on an OECD level, let’s zoom in on EU countries.
There are two general types of countries in this picture: those where the top is pulling ahead, and those where the others are catching up.
France, UK, and Sweden are among those countries where national productivity growth was mainly generated in the frontier region (countries where the high productivity region, typically the capital city is black, and where the other region are light blue, and falling behind).
In Germany, Austria or Poland, for example, national productivity growth is mainly generated by regional productivity catching up, where the dark blue is found.
************************
We have identified two types of countries in the EU.
Catching up dynamics: Austria, Germany, Czech Republic, Spain, Italy, Poland, Portugal and Romania. Most of the productivity performance of these countries is the result of the catching-up of the lagging regions. The frontier regions sustain high productivity levels, but productivity growth dynamics occur elsewhere in the country.
Frontier dynamics: Bulgaria, Denmark, France, United Kingdom, Finland, Greece, Hungary, Netherlands, Slovak Republic and Sweden. In these countries, most of the productivity dynamics is concentrated at the frontier with limited effects from the catching-up process.
The countries where the productivity growth is coming from regions other than the frontier, they saw that had frontier regions were not as dynamic in terms of productivity growth (black graph).
For those countries where growth was concentrated in the frontier, (blue graph), their top regions experienced higher productivity growth but at the cost of greater regional inequalities.
Policies need to do more to ensure that these productivity improvements are shared so that this tradeoff between higher growth in the frontier and regional inequality is not inevitable.
Inclusive growth requires acting at the relevant scale and looking beyond national averages. Regional policies are thus one of the important answers.
Proximity to cities is key for the growth of those rural areas. They experienced higher average productivity growth rates than any other region type.
While citizens are concerned about globalisation, they also need to see that actually what underpins the rise in wages is greater productivity, and this is found in sectors that are exposed to international competition. It does not mean the products are necessarily exported, but simply that those are areas where firms produce products that need to be competitive even beyond the local market.
The data show that those regions that are catching up, as opposed to falling behind, were those that had a larger and growing share of their economy in these tradable sectors. The challenge is to ensure the accompanying skills changes to shift from one type of tradable sector to another. Policy needs to support regions as they anticipate and adjust to different shocks.
One of the common errors is to think that promoting inclusive growth means boosting less tradable activities such as construction. But as we have seen with the boom and bust experiences of some regions with the crisis, those jobs are quickly gained and quickly lost, and at a perhaps longer term price of insufficiently developing those tradable sectors more durable over the long term.
Regions and cities experience globalisation differently depending on their industrial structure.
This is particularly striking with manufacturing. In countries that lost more employment in manufacturing, regional income gaps widened. This message was a core element of the OECD’s annual Ministerial Council Meeting.
It highlights that policies to support regions need to be seen as policies to help countries build resilience and adapt to industrial change so that they not only boost productivity, but also access to jobs.
ADD COUNTY NAMES
In the last graph we saw that Portugal experienced lots of manufacturing job losses and a widening dispersion of regional income inequality.
The example of Norte highlights the dynamics whereby productivity may go up in sectors like manufacturing, but the other side of the story is the job losses and the resulting regional inequalities when other sectors are not able to employ those left behind.
While some sectors that are not tradable (i.e. not exposed to international competition) may be a source of jobs, as we see with the crisis, that kind of model is not always sustainable. Regional policies need to therefore ensure that they ensure the right conditions for sectors that are indeed tradable are able to thrive, as over the long term they will underpin the health of the region.
Inclusive growth requires acting at the relevant scale and looking beyond national averages. Regional policies are thus one of the important answers.
30
Private law vs. public law
In general, two IMC models can be distinguished: the public law model and the private law model. Under the public law model the contractual and the institutionalized forms of IMC are regulated in some detail by public law. Public law regulates agreements for the joint management of functions or the delegation of functions by one municipality to another. Public law also regulates the institutionalized forms of IMC and generally envisages mandatory functions in certain areas and strong state supervision in both financial and legal matters.
Under the public law model, the responsibilities exercised by municipalities are clearly exclusive. The transfer of a responsibility to another municipality or to an IMC body automatically removes this responsibility from the transferring municipality.
The private law model is based on the freedom of local authorities to pragmatically opt for the areas and forms of IMC based on the modalities and entities envisaged by this law, such as contracts, associations and commercial enterprises.
In practice, both models co-exist in Western Europe. The public law model is favoured for its greater democratic legitimacy and is more common in countries such as France, Spain and Portugal where community-based forms of local government prevail. The private law model dominates in Norway or Sweden where there is greater focus on efficient public service delivery than direct accountability to the municipal council.
In countries where there is no specific legislative framework for IMC, municipalities have no choice but to establish it under private law. For instance, in Albania, the law allows IMC but does not regulate it. IMC for the production of public utility services therefore tends to take place through commercial companies. In Romania, many IMC activities formerly took place under the private law association legal form. The IMC legislation introduced in 2006 created public law Inter-Community Development Associations. As a result, many IMCprivate law associations changed their status to public law associations.
In many Western European countries, the traditional form of IMC is that of public law associations specifically focused on – but not only, depending on the country – the delivery of technical public utility services (water treatment and distribution or waste management) with the aim of reaping economies of scale. However, with the growth of urbanization and the appearance of city-regions, the need gradually emerged for different, more integrated and strategic forms of IMC concerned also with a wide variety of urban development issues such as economic development planning, spatial planning, housing policy, public transport and urban infrastructure development.
The French communautés are typical federative forms of IMC that closely resemble a new tier of local self-government. They have mandatory functions and the power to raise taxes, and decisions are taken by the majority of the IMC council rather than unanimity, as in the more traditional IMC associative forms. The equivalent institutions in the Netherlands, at least as far as the communautés urbaines are concerned, are the metropolitan regional corporations, which have a mix of mandatory and voluntary functions, and receive central government grants in a series of policy sectors.
Dedicated land use policies primarily work by restricting how land can be used. They pay little attention to the incentives that businesses and individuals have to use land.
By paying greater attention to the incentives that public policy provides for land use, planning can become less restrictive and more effective
Taxes and fiscal systems matter most
Regulatory and economic instruments need to be combined
Effective governance mechanisms are a prerequisite for a successful implementation
As regional development actors, subnational governments face a series of common challenges – coordination, capacity and framework conditions.
So to support national and subnational governments make the most of public investment and strengthen regional development, the OECD Recommendation was developed specifically to help governments work through these common challenges….
Why this Recommendation
Elements of rationale:
Public investment -- Key tool for regional development (new paradigm Regional Development Policy – investment rather than subsidies)
PI largely done at the sub-national level Raises critical coordination and capacity challenges to make better use of the funding and leverage private investment – IN ALL CONTEXTS -- We observed these coordination and capacity challenges in a quite systematic manner in all OECD countries – whatever the institutional context /type of decentralisation. (what matters is mutual dependency rather than the level of decentralisation)
The Principles group 12 recommendations into 3 pillars: recommendations to
i) improve coordination across jurisdictions, levels of government and sectors;
(ii) strengthen sub-national capacities from the design to ex-post evaluation and
iii) improve framework conditions. You can see on the slide the 12 principles, I wont enter into details.
These are broad guidelines as they need to apply to 34 very different contexts. Since the adoption of the instrument, we are now providing more detailed and concrete guidance to countries.
Timely Recommendation: great focus on investment and infrastructure at the international level (G20), little focus on governance & institutions… but growing interest
Principles integrated in the new GOV work on the Governance of Infrastructure
We are working with the EC on exploring frontier academic research and its implications for the design of economic development policies for regions and cities in general. THis is work in progress to be launched in early 2018, but a few emerging lessons are important to highlight.
Indeed, beyond the “what” of policies is the ”how”. But we continue to make some common mistakes in the how. Many of the innovations in academic theory are related to behavioural insights that consider how people and organisations respond to the different tools often used when higher levels of government give money to lower levels to promote regional development.