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The Clark-Kozma Debate in the 21st Century Katrin Becker
Everything old is new again.  Students should NOT be taught how to write! Why? Writing diminishes memory!
The Debate: Clark (1983): M edia do not influence learning under any circumstances !  Kozma (1991): M edia produce a unique experience !  (1994)  Do not!  (1994) Do too!  (2007) Still not!
The Medium is just like a Truck. Learning Objectives Instructional Methods Content Medium Instructional Designer Learner
Times Have Changed THEN The Internet!! Behold, WORD!! ,[object Object],[object Object]
Times Have Changed NOW ,[object Object],[object Object],Cloud computing
Times Have  Really  Changed
Where’s the Evidence? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The REAL Problem ,[object Object],[object Object]
Serious Games ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Serious Games  ≠  Educational Games  But all Games are Simulations Serious Games Simulations Games Games for Change Games for the Military Adver-games Games for Health Exergames Games for Learning Games for Politics
The Vehicular Metaphor Applied to Digital Games   ,[object Object]
The Replacibility Test ,[object Object],[object Object],wait.......CAUSE learning?
The Medium really IS the Message ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Educational Game Debates Games Design is all we need. Instructional Design is all we need. Grim Fandango Virtual Frog
The Challenge ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What NOT to do: ,[object Object],Mathblaster WTF???? Eat or be Eaten
Where Does That Leave Us? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Image Credits ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],All other images:  wikimedia commons
Credits & References ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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The Clark-Kozma Debate in the 21st Century

  • 1. The Clark-Kozma Debate in the 21st Century Katrin Becker
  • 2. Everything old is new again. Students should NOT be taught how to write! Why? Writing diminishes memory!
  • 3. The Debate: Clark (1983): M edia do not influence learning under any circumstances ! Kozma (1991): M edia produce a unique experience ! (1994) Do not! (1994) Do too! (2007) Still not!
  • 4. The Medium is just like a Truck. Learning Objectives Instructional Methods Content Medium Instructional Designer Learner
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7. Times Have Really Changed
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11. Serious Games ≠ Educational Games But all Games are Simulations Serious Games Simulations Games Games for Change Games for the Military Adver-games Games for Health Exergames Games for Learning Games for Politics
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15. Educational Game Debates Games Design is all we need. Instructional Design is all we need. Grim Fandango Virtual Frog
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20.