This document discusses the changing nature of customization and personalization in online news. It finds that passive personalization, such as aggregated collaborative filtering and contextual recommendations, has grown significantly from 2007-2010 across major US and UK news websites. However, active personalization that determines a "Daily Me" for each user is more controversial among editors and may miss important information readers did not know to look for. While personalization aims to direct readers to content they will engage with, editors worry it could undermine their role in filtering and selecting news. The growth of personalization technologies also enables more targeted digital advertising on news sites.
We media refers to using technology to reach an audience without traditional media industry support. It includes blogs, forums, mailing lists, and social media which allow individuals to produce and distribute content. The internet has upended traditional media business models and created a more democratic media environment where consumers can also be producers. While traditional media is still influential, platforms like Facebook show how individual users can now generate widely shared content that was once the domain of major media institutions.
Content Marketing Strategies Conference: David Smith Content Generation & Dis...dlvr.it
The 2011 Content Marketing Strategies Conference (contentmarketing2011.com) had some amazing speakers and lively conversation. This is one great example. Continue the conversation at twitter.com/content2011.
The document discusses the evolution of online journalism and its impact on traditional gatekeeping roles of print and broadcast media. It also addresses the importance of trust and credibility in journalism. Blogging and online media reports are transforming how news is produced and consumed, with information able to spread much faster through technology. However, this also raises issues about the credibility of online news sources. The document debates whether newspapers will still exist in 30 years with these changes in online media consumption.
The document discusses the differences between old and new media. It notes that new media focuses on real-time content creation and sharing through social networks and user participation rather than one-way distribution. The document argues that for media companies to be successful, they need to embrace new forms of interactive and visual information like infographics, think about websites as applications rather than articles, and focus on niche communities and curating relevant news and content for those groups.
The document discusses the transition from traditional journalism (Journalism 1.0) to new forms of online and participatory journalism (Journalism 2.0). It notes how the rise of blogs and social media has allowed ordinary users to participate in news creation and sharing. It also outlines some of the challenges for a truly global conversation online, such as issues of attention, language barriers, and censorship in some countries. The document promotes the idea that students should learn about these new forms of online and participatory journalism.
The document discusses the evolution of press releases and media relations from traditional press releases to social media releases (SMRs). It outlines how social media and changes in the news industry have led to new approaches for distributing news and engaging with audiences. Specifically, it describes the development of the SMR format which aims to democratize access, ensure accuracy and context, build community, and make content findable through integration of social sharing tools. The document advocates for companies to build online newsrooms with SMRs, user comments, and multimedia to foster conversations with bloggers and journalists.
TA가 뭐예요? (What is a Technical Artist? 블루홀스튜디오)valhashi
게임 개발 프로젝트에서 TA(테크니컬 아티스트)의 역할, 업무, TA가 되기 위해 필요한 역량과 커리어패쓰에 대해 가볍게 설명한 문서입니다. 주로 블루홀스튜디오의 TA, TERA의 TA를 기준으로 설명되어 있습니다.
국내에서도 여러 게임 프로젝트에서 TA들이 중요한 역할을 하고 있지만, TA직군의 짧은 역사(약 10년)와, 업무의 다양성 때문에 아직도 업계 전반에 TA에 대한 이해는 부족하다고 보여집니다. 때문에, 프로젝트에서 TA의 역량을 충분히 활용하지 못하거나, TA로서 훌륭한 재능을 갖춘 인재들이 자신의 역량을 펼치지 못하는 일들이 있습니다. 그런 상황의 해소에 조금이라도 도움이 되기 위해, 그리고, 블루홀스튜디오 TA 채용에 도움이 되기 위해, 이 문서를 작성하였습니다.
게임 개발 업계에 계신 분들, 게임 개발자를 지망하시는 분들께서 TA에 대해 이해를 하시는데, 조금이라도 도움이 되었으면 좋겠습니다.
블루홀스튜디오 채용 페이지: http://www.bluehole.net/recruit/information.html
We media refers to using technology to reach an audience without traditional media industry support. It includes blogs, forums, mailing lists, and social media which allow individuals to produce and distribute content. The internet has upended traditional media business models and created a more democratic media environment where consumers can also be producers. While traditional media is still influential, platforms like Facebook show how individual users can now generate widely shared content that was once the domain of major media institutions.
Content Marketing Strategies Conference: David Smith Content Generation & Dis...dlvr.it
The 2011 Content Marketing Strategies Conference (contentmarketing2011.com) had some amazing speakers and lively conversation. This is one great example. Continue the conversation at twitter.com/content2011.
The document discusses the evolution of online journalism and its impact on traditional gatekeeping roles of print and broadcast media. It also addresses the importance of trust and credibility in journalism. Blogging and online media reports are transforming how news is produced and consumed, with information able to spread much faster through technology. However, this also raises issues about the credibility of online news sources. The document debates whether newspapers will still exist in 30 years with these changes in online media consumption.
The document discusses the differences between old and new media. It notes that new media focuses on real-time content creation and sharing through social networks and user participation rather than one-way distribution. The document argues that for media companies to be successful, they need to embrace new forms of interactive and visual information like infographics, think about websites as applications rather than articles, and focus on niche communities and curating relevant news and content for those groups.
The document discusses the transition from traditional journalism (Journalism 1.0) to new forms of online and participatory journalism (Journalism 2.0). It notes how the rise of blogs and social media has allowed ordinary users to participate in news creation and sharing. It also outlines some of the challenges for a truly global conversation online, such as issues of attention, language barriers, and censorship in some countries. The document promotes the idea that students should learn about these new forms of online and participatory journalism.
The document discusses the evolution of press releases and media relations from traditional press releases to social media releases (SMRs). It outlines how social media and changes in the news industry have led to new approaches for distributing news and engaging with audiences. Specifically, it describes the development of the SMR format which aims to democratize access, ensure accuracy and context, build community, and make content findable through integration of social sharing tools. The document advocates for companies to build online newsrooms with SMRs, user comments, and multimedia to foster conversations with bloggers and journalists.
TA가 뭐예요? (What is a Technical Artist? 블루홀스튜디오)valhashi
게임 개발 프로젝트에서 TA(테크니컬 아티스트)의 역할, 업무, TA가 되기 위해 필요한 역량과 커리어패쓰에 대해 가볍게 설명한 문서입니다. 주로 블루홀스튜디오의 TA, TERA의 TA를 기준으로 설명되어 있습니다.
국내에서도 여러 게임 프로젝트에서 TA들이 중요한 역할을 하고 있지만, TA직군의 짧은 역사(약 10년)와, 업무의 다양성 때문에 아직도 업계 전반에 TA에 대한 이해는 부족하다고 보여집니다. 때문에, 프로젝트에서 TA의 역량을 충분히 활용하지 못하거나, TA로서 훌륭한 재능을 갖춘 인재들이 자신의 역량을 펼치지 못하는 일들이 있습니다. 그런 상황의 해소에 조금이라도 도움이 되기 위해, 그리고, 블루홀스튜디오 TA 채용에 도움이 되기 위해, 이 문서를 작성하였습니다.
게임 개발 업계에 계신 분들, 게임 개발자를 지망하시는 분들께서 TA에 대해 이해를 하시는데, 조금이라도 도움이 되었으면 좋겠습니다.
블루홀스튜디오 채용 페이지: http://www.bluehole.net/recruit/information.html
- Walter Cronkite's job as a broadcast journalist was to hold up a mirror and tell the public what happened, without bias or personal commentary.
- Today's audiences are empowered in new ways through technologies like social media and can participate in the gathering and sharing of news.
- Journalists must understand how information flows simultaneously to audiences from both professional and non-professional sources, and add original reporting to the evolving conversation.
- Walter Cronkite's job as a broadcast journalist was to hold up a mirror and tell the public what happened, without bias.
- Today's audiences are empowered in new ways through technologies like social media and can participate in the gathering and sharing of news.
- Journalists must understand how information flows simultaneously to audiences from both professional and non-professional sources, and add original reporting to the evolving conversation.
Identifying Strategic Goals for 2019 Through DataMediaPost
In this talk, John Levitt, General Manager of Parse.ly Analytics, will walk through how Parse.ly clients have identified and achieved their strategic goals using data. The top three goals we'll focus on, when looking to 2019, are personalization, audience segmentation, and using engaged time as the company wide KPI.
Rebuilding Journalism: Winning the battle for attentionKevin Anderson
My presentation for Digital Directions 11 in Sydney Australia. I talked about how news organisations could find new opportunities in a world of over abundant content and scarce attention.
The document discusses proposals for designing an ideal newsroom for the future, focusing on creating a space that fosters collaboration, community engagement, and innovation across multiple platforms. Key recommendations include making the space highly adaptable, promoting physical and cultural transparency, placing community at the center, and collaborating and experimenting through an ecosystem of news. International newsrooms and organizations like the New York Times and Cedar Rapids Gazette are highlighted as embracing these principles.
Kazakh User Generated Content And ConversationsDaveLaFontaine
The document discusses various ways that newspapers are experimenting with digital platforms and user participation online. It provides examples of both successful and unsuccessful efforts, noting that allowing open commenting on the Los Angeles Times website led to it being inundated with pornography. It also discusses strategies newspapers are using to engage younger readers online, such as showcasing user-generated content and building websites that appeal to how young people explore and share content online.
This was a catch-all "market analysis" presentation I put together in October 2008, based in part on some thinking of Jeff Jarvis regarding an emerging "press sphere," among other topics addressed here.
This document summarizes Angela Lee's research on predicting the popularity of top U.S. news sites based on their use of medium-specific features. She analyzed how the top 6 news sites (Yahoo News, MSNBC News, AOL News, ABC News, Washington Post, and USA Today) utilized 5 process gratification features: interactivity, immediacy, multimedia, information availability, and usability. Her findings showed that the top 3 sites used immediacy, multimedia, and information availability features more than the bottom 3 sites. Usage of the 5 features also significantly predicted the sites' popularity. Information availability was the strongest predictor of popularity among the top sites.
The document discusses the concept of crowdsourcing in journalism. It defines crowdsourcing as outsourcing tasks traditionally performed by employees to a large, undefined network of people. It describes three types of crowdsourcing: professionals who share their work, packagers who gather content from multiple sources, and tinkerers who solve problems. Real examples of crowdsourcing in journalism are provided, such as newspapers inviting readers to report voter issues. The benefits of crowdsourcing include gathering information quickly from many sources and engaging readers.
95% of Americans aged 65 and older get their news from traditional cable companies in the last week, though cable subscribership has dropped in recent years. 40% of Americans would pay to watch or read news online. People over 65 are much less likely to use the internet for news compared to millennials, most of whom say staying up to date with the latest news is at least somewhat important. Social media allows for more user interaction and earned media opportunities for news organizations and advertisers, helping internet-based news reach wider audiences than traditional forms.
This document summarizes trends in television news and the future of jobs in the television news industry. It discusses the shift to digital platforms and multiple screens. Nielsen data shows that consumers are adding online and mobile video instead of replacing traditional TV. Television news is moving content to the web and using multiple platforms. Technological changes allow news to be gathered and shared more easily across various devices. Social media is playing a bigger role in how television news outlets engage with audiences and distribute content. The skills required of journalists are evolving to include skills like social media use, multimedia production and digital reporting across various platforms.
- The Associated Press (AP) is the world's largest and oldest news organization, with over 4,000 journalists covering news around the world.
- AP Mobile provides comprehensive international, national, and hyper-local news to mobile users on all major smartphone platforms and mobile web.
- AP Mobile content is personalized and customizable, allowing users to select specific local and topical news sources and receive news based on location. AP Mobile traffic has grown significantly since its launch less than a year ago.
In today’s online news environment, the story never ends. And now there are more stories than ever before. So how do you ensure your news gets the attention it deserves? In this presentation, you'll learn about the reality of today’s newsrooms; how to build relationships and target your news effectively; the need for quality multimedia assets, and incorporating continuous measurement to adjust your strategy for success.
Journalism and Democracy Capstone research presentation, delving into issues regarding accuracy, immediacy, transparency and blog-editing policies of both print and online publications.
This document summarizes a case study of Taloussanomat, Finland's first online-only newspaper. It discusses Taloussanomat's transition from a print newspaper to an online-only format in 2007. The summary focuses on three key points:
1) Taloussanomat discontinued its print edition to save costs, as it was losing millions of euros per year. However, going online-only significantly reduced revenues by 75% and engagement, as unique visitors and page views declined sharply.
2) The shift to digital prioritized speed and quantity of content over quality journalism. Journalists had little time for original reporting and often reprinted agency stories. This shallow coverage weakened the brand.
3
OSF x Highway Africa: New forms of storytelling, distribution and revenueThe Splice Newsroom
I presented this at a workshop at Rhodes University, Grahamstown in South Africa in August 2016. The goal was to help traditional media companies re-think the mass media model and consider new options in the search for sustainable revenue.
Introduction to hyper-local media, part three: issues, challenges and futureg...Damian Radcliffe
12" pack broken into three, due to file size. This is part three, which looks at the issues, challenges and opportunities for the sector. It also involves some future gazing. Comments, feedback and suggestions are very welcome.
Reinventing Journalism: Trends, Innovations and Unanswered QuestionsDamian Radcliffe
A round-up of some key recent developments in the world of journalism related to evolving and emerging business models. These slides outline changes in consumption and advertising, as well as innovations in content creation, consumption and distribution. Finally, it also explores whether our concepts of journalism need to evolve and how the sector might move forward.
An overview of LinkedIn's publisher tools, including Pulse, the InShare plugin and LinkedIn Company Pages.
For more information, please visit http://developer.linkedin.com/publishers
The document discusses the rise of online journalism in Bangladesh. It notes that online news portals are becoming increasingly popular as sources of news. All major print newspapers now have online editions that function as full news sites. Readers are relying more on online portals for immediate access to news. Though online journalism is growing, it still faces challenges like a lack of trained journalists, low internet access, and developing a sustainable business model.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
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- Journalists must understand how information flows simultaneously to audiences from both professional and non-professional sources, and add original reporting to the evolving conversation.
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This was a catch-all "market analysis" presentation I put together in October 2008, based in part on some thinking of Jeff Jarvis regarding an emerging "press sphere," among other topics addressed here.
This document summarizes Angela Lee's research on predicting the popularity of top U.S. news sites based on their use of medium-specific features. She analyzed how the top 6 news sites (Yahoo News, MSNBC News, AOL News, ABC News, Washington Post, and USA Today) utilized 5 process gratification features: interactivity, immediacy, multimedia, information availability, and usability. Her findings showed that the top 3 sites used immediacy, multimedia, and information availability features more than the bottom 3 sites. Usage of the 5 features also significantly predicted the sites' popularity. Information availability was the strongest predictor of popularity among the top sites.
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95% of Americans aged 65 and older get their news from traditional cable companies in the last week, though cable subscribership has dropped in recent years. 40% of Americans would pay to watch or read news online. People over 65 are much less likely to use the internet for news compared to millennials, most of whom say staying up to date with the latest news is at least somewhat important. Social media allows for more user interaction and earned media opportunities for news organizations and advertisers, helping internet-based news reach wider audiences than traditional forms.
This document summarizes trends in television news and the future of jobs in the television news industry. It discusses the shift to digital platforms and multiple screens. Nielsen data shows that consumers are adding online and mobile video instead of replacing traditional TV. Television news is moving content to the web and using multiple platforms. Technological changes allow news to be gathered and shared more easily across various devices. Social media is playing a bigger role in how television news outlets engage with audiences and distribute content. The skills required of journalists are evolving to include skills like social media use, multimedia production and digital reporting across various platforms.
- The Associated Press (AP) is the world's largest and oldest news organization, with over 4,000 journalists covering news around the world.
- AP Mobile provides comprehensive international, national, and hyper-local news to mobile users on all major smartphone platforms and mobile web.
- AP Mobile content is personalized and customizable, allowing users to select specific local and topical news sources and receive news based on location. AP Mobile traffic has grown significantly since its launch less than a year ago.
In today’s online news environment, the story never ends. And now there are more stories than ever before. So how do you ensure your news gets the attention it deserves? In this presentation, you'll learn about the reality of today’s newsrooms; how to build relationships and target your news effectively; the need for quality multimedia assets, and incorporating continuous measurement to adjust your strategy for success.
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বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
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This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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21. “Imagine a future in which your interface agent can [read / view / listen to everything], and construct a personalized summary. This kind of newspaper is printed in an edition of one. . . . Call it The Daily Me.” Nicholas Negroponte, Being Digital, 1995
22. Changes in deployment of passive personalization features at eleven national US and UK websites, 2007–10
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27. Changes in deployment of active personalization features at eleven national US and UK websites, 2007–10
28. What the editors said: “the time and effort to personalize something” would put off all but a “relatively small number of people”—Steve Herrmann, editor, BBC News website “If you determine in advance who ‘The Daily Me’ is . . . Then you may miss some of the important things that you didn’t know you were”—Rich Meislin, NYTimes.com
29. Changes in deployment of active personalization features at eleven national US and UK websites, 2007–10
36. What the editors said: “[the most read and most commended features have] gone down well . . . we don’t do enough”—Neil McKintosh, then Head of Editorial Development, Guardian.co.uk “I think there is something very useful and informative about what people are email each other””—Pete Clifton, then Head of BBC News Interactive
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38. Editorial judgement “if there’s anything we have it is our judgement about what people are interested in” —Anna Spackman, then editor Timesonline.co.uk Readers “want someone to do some of the filtering work for them” —Neil McKintosh, then Head of Editorial Development, Guardian.co.uk
39. Changes in deployment of passive personalization features at eleven national US and UK websites, 2007–10
49. “Journalists should worry about creating the content and other people in technology should worry about bringing the content to the right group...by personalization” “Once we get personalization working for news we can take that technology and make it available to publishers, so they can transform their website appropriately [to suit the interests of each visitor]” —Krishna Bharat, Google (quoted in Pariser, 2011: 62-63)
Hello and welcome and thanks for coming. And thanks to Meg for inviting me. When Meg asked me to talk about my research into personalization, I scratched my head and thought “what on earth” am I going to tell GOOGLE about personalization. After all, most of the time I talk about the subject I start by showing Google products such as
Fast flip, ‘News for You’ on Google News, and iGoogle to convince audiences of sceptical academics or publishers that, in the words of Eli Pariser,
“the era of personalization has begun”. As an aside, Parisercredits you guys with ushering in the ‘era personalization’, when you started
to personalize search results in December 2009! Anyway back to the head scratching! In the end I thought you might be interested in what the study of a particular domain – news and online journalism -- tells us about personalization. Why?
Well, over the last 7 years news and information sites, particularly those from ‘established’ media companies have been getting more and more popular. As you can see from this slide, they now make up a greater number of the ‘top 50’ UK online brands. None of the TV broadcasters or national newspapers listed here appeared in the top 50 list in 2004. They must be doing something right then, including, perhaps, their deployment of personalization. Established media brands are worth watching not only because of their increasing popularity, but also because of how they drive discussion and debate on other sites.
For example in one American City, Baltimore, 95% of the stories containing new information that appeared in a one week period came from traditional media. Blogs, Twitter and local websites—at least in Baltimore—played only a very limited role. They were mainly a way to disseminate stories from other the traditional media.
The research I’m going to talk about today has involved interviews with the editors of these sites, and three surveys, over a 4 year period, of the different types of personalization they use. Thanks to Meg for helping with the last survey.
This slide is a gives an overview of the trends I found over the last four years. It shows how personalization features are increasingly common on news websites. On average sites offer eleven different forms of personalization. There are, of course, considerable variations, showing how personalization is more readily accepted by certain audience segments, for example subscribers to specialist news websites like the FT and the Wall Street Journal.
This slide also illustrates my distinction between two different forms of personalization, active and passive. With active personalization usersregister their own content preferences.
Passive personalization infers preferences from data collected, for example, via a registration process or via the use of software that monitors user activity. As we’ll see later there has been a dramatic decline in the form of personalization that demands the MOST input from users:
what I call ‘MyPages’. Here’s an example, the MyTimes page on the New York Times website. By contrast, there’s been significant growth in some of the passive forms of personalization, in particular what I call ‘Social Collaborative Filtering’, such as the:
Facebook ‘Activity Feed’ plug-in, seen here on CNN.com.
Indeed, although active forms of personalization are more common, passive forms have actually been growing faster in percentage terms over the last 4 years.
I’ve already mentioned a couple of the categories of personalization I defined in my research. There are 18 in all, they’re listed on this slide. I don’t plan to bore you by going through each one in turn, but rather I’ll highlight some of the important trends and developments. As you can see there are a vast variety of approaches, particularly in the active forms of personalization.
This is indicative of the ongoing search among news providers to find the most effective types of personalization—balancing the need for precise matching of content to users’ interests with the need to make the process of actively setting up personalization as easy as possible. The size of table 2 and the changes that I’ve observed suggest this search is still going on. Within table 2 there are two opposing strategies:
one of partially reshaping the existing news website, through, for example ‘MyPage’ functionality; and the other
of selectively sending material out to another device such as an RSS reader or an SMS inbox.
What’s interesting, at least to me, is that neither fully reflect some of the early predictions for personalization. For example Nicholas Negroponte’s influential concept of the ‘Daily Me’ where a single “interface agent” would construct a personalized newspaper for users.
One of the most notable changes that took place last year was the sharp increase in personalization using recommendations from social networking sites. What I call ‘Social Collaborative Filtering’. In every instance this was via the Facebook ‘Activity Feed’ plug-in, through which users receive recommendations from their Facebook ‘Friends’.
The problem with this form of social filtering in the news domain is the infrequency with which these plug-ins update. For example, although I’ve got a larger than average Facebook network, if I log in to see my Friends’ activity on CNN.com, 60% of the recommendations are from months ago, ancient history in news terms. This is typical for these Facebookplugins on news sites.
The reasons are, firstly because they only show links to stories that appear on the site hosting the plugin, and secondly the average Facebook user doesn’t post many links to stories on news sites – an average of between just 2 and 3 a year! It is clear that the increasing use of social media is prompting news websites to adopt new forms of presentation – including personalization – at a rapid rate, but that such developments are in their very early stages.
Another challenge is to find a balance between usability and relevance. Despite considerable evidence pointing to the fact that users are passive creatures, news providers have spent a lots of effort producing elaborate ‘MyPages’, to allow users to assemble whole pages of customised news. Here’s the New York Times’ version
here’s an another example from the Independent. They are much like iGoogle in concept, allowing users to select from a set of modules to add to the page.
These ‘MyPages’ are in decline, dropped by the websites of the Washington Post, the Sun, the Telegraph and being phased out by the New York Times and the Wall Street Journal. It seems like the uptake of these relatively demanding services hasn’t been enough to justify their existence.
Theeditors I interviewed put this down to audience passivity and the difficulty users have accurately predicting their content preferences in the dynamic news domain.
In contrast to ‘MyPages’, personalizable mobile editions have been growing rapidly, now offered by every news site. On average news sites provide personalizable ‘apps’ for at least 2 devices and over half had a personalizable mobile version of their site. This is not surprising given the growing numbers of smartphone users.
Indeed there are reasons they might be particularly good platforms for personalized information delivery. Firstly, due to their smaller screens and input devices their browsing capabilities are limited. Secondly
being location aware, as more and more mobile devices are, lends itself to personalization.
It’s surprising then that the personalizable mobile editions and‘apps’wereremarkably static in nature, with a minimum of personalization.
On average, they offered barely one and a half different forms of personalization, compared with an average of over20 for the full web editions. This thirteen-fold difference may be explained by the fact that most of the ‘apps’ were first generation, but the notion that mobile devices such as the iPad are better suited to passive consumption may be a factor.
I’ll stay with the idea of the passive user now and talk about the rise in passive forms of personalization. In particular what I call ‘contextual recommendations’ and ‘aggregated collaborative filtering’. ‘Aggregated collaborative filtering’
is where selections of news stories or other content (such as readers’ comments) are automatically filtered by popularity. Variables include ‘most read’, ‘most emailed’, and ‘most commented’. This example is from the BBC news website. I found this form of personalization was universal. It’s popular with readers and editors alike.
The reasons? Firstly it’s passive, requiring no effort from readers. And secondly editors like it because it increases page views, but in doing so usually reinforces their editorial judgement, as many of the stories recommended have already been selected on the front and section pages.
You can see this in these examples from the BBC News website where all of the ‘Most Shared’ stories were chosen by editors to be featured on the Home page.
We shouldn’t underestimate how much editors value their own editorial judgement! Both because it’s tied up with their sense of professional identity, but also because they believe readers want the world filtered.
Another form of passive personalization has also been growing, what I call ‘Contextual recommendations’. This is where
Links or indeed whole pages of content are created algorithmically. This is an example from the BBC News website and uses technology from Autonomy and Moreover to creat contextually related links from the story being viewed, in this case a story about the Chinese economy.
This is another example. This is one of many so-called ‘Topic Pages’ found on the Sky News website. These are created automatically by software from Daylife, and are aggregations of stories and pictures previously published on Sky News, mixed in with Wikipedia entries, Reuters quotes etc.
Daylife are by no means the only company involved in providing personalization technology to news sites. Here are some of the others. For me, as a journalism scholar, these developments are interesting because they signify a move away from the traditional concept of
the journalist as gatekeeper, deciding what to publish and what to ‘spike’. This gatekeeping role is increasingly being replaced by algorithms. This raises questions about accountability and transparency when
companies such as Taboola promise publishers that their recommendations can be skewed for commercial reasons. Is that being “evil”?! If so then I’m sure it’s something Google will never do! There’s more to be said about how algorithms AND users are displacing professional editors, but I want to finish by putting the mechanisms of passive personalization in their commercial context.
Traditional news publishers have been losing advertising sales, in the US since 2006 as this graph shows.
Although their online advertising revenues have been going up (shown in red on this graph), since 2007 they’ve not been going up as fast as their traffic (shown in blue). This is, in part, due to the effect of the recession on advertising sales, but it also a reflection of the declining proportion of online advertising expenditure finding its way to publishers. Pariser reports an 80% drop between 2003-10.
One of the reasons is rise of targeting advertising. In the local online media, for instance, targeted display ads which “match ... ads to the interests of individual consumers” grew by 22% in 2010 (shown in brown on this graph), whilst spending on static display ads declined by 12% (shown in blue).
Publisher’s margins are getting squeezed between the Ad Delivery players and the Ad Targeting Players. I would argue that personalization has emerged as an increasingly popular strategy for news publishers because it allows them to capture data about users and reduce their dependence on external suppliers of such information.
Of course you guys want news publishers not to worry about technology. Let us do personalization for you, you say! Well I say that news publishers need to think again before getting into bed with external providers of technology and user data. Such a strategy may be dangerous because utilizing such services come at a price: squeezed advertising margins. If news providers want to slow, if not reverse, declining advertising revenues AND challenge the reluctance of news consumers to pay for online content, personalization may help.
Firstly because there may be a correlation between sites ability to charge a subscription and above average deployment of personalization. You can see from this slide that I found that the three sites that offered the most personalization features are all now charging a subscription.
Secondly because personalization can provides a means for traditional news providers to acquire, and crucially control, a range of data about their audience. Being in control of such data will be vital as online advertising becomes more dynamic, targeted and data-driven.