James Thurber, a renowned American writer known for his short stories, cartoons, and essays, was influenced by significant life experiences, including losing an eye from an arrow shot by a friend. His notable works include 'The Catbird Seat' and 'The Secret Life of Walter Mitty,' and he received accolades such as a special Tony Award. Thurber's writing style combines sophistication and wit, fostering a legacy recognized through the annual Thurber Prize for American humor.