The automation challenge: Kubernetes Operators vs Helm Charts

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Ana-Maria Mihalceanu

DevoxxUK2021 updated version for The automation challenge: Helm Charts vs Operators

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#helm-vs-operators @ammbra1508
The Automation Challenge:
Kubernetes Operators vs Helm Charts
Ana Maria Mihalceanu
@ammbra1508
https://www.anamihalceanu.com/

#helm-vs-operators @ammbra1508
Hello! I am Ana
Java Champion, Certified Architect
Developer Advocate @ RedHat
Solve challenging technical scenarios
that involve Java-based frameworks &
multiple cloud providers

#helm-vs-operators @ammbra1508
Microservices Kubernetes
Divide et Impera architecture
Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/otacke/10080909435

#helm-vs-operators @ammbra1508
(Some) Kubernetes Features
Automated rollouts and rollbacks
Batch execution
Self-healing
Horizontal scaling
Service discovery and Load balancing
Secret and configuration management
Storage orchestration

#helm-vs-operators @ammbra1508
The Story of a Microservice
</>
Application code Docker file
Kubernetes objects in yaml format

#helm-vs-operators @ammbra1508
Kubernetes Package Manager
Manage and update multiple
Kubernetes configurations
Deploy many configs as a SINGLE
application
Parametrize for multiple
environments support
templates

#helm-vs-operators @ammbra1508
Helm Advantages
Check In a template, you can check nested values at every level
Deploy Many configurations can be deployed through a single chart instance.
Separate Non-final values are separated from the actual objects.
Prototype Easily prototype an application installation.

#helm-vs-operators @ammbra1508
Distinctive Helm Aspects
deployment.yaml
Reusability is encouraged via include, _helpers.tpl and tpl
Automatically roll deployments via annotations
_helpers.tpl
Instruct Helm to keep resources upon uninstall
service.yaml

#helm-vs-operators @ammbra1508
Next Steps

WHAT HAPPENS AT THE MATURITY OF THE
SYSTEM?

#helm-vs-operators @ammbra1508
Benefits of Using Operators
Package human operational knowledge
Clients like kubectl and dashboard automatically work with Operators
The resources created via Operators are secured and use HTTPS
Can be used to create backups or for configuring your cluster
Cloud native tools can be maintained via operators

#helm-vs-operators @ammbra1508
What’s Next?
Maintain Maintained the PostgreSQL database via the operator.
Isolate
Kept Helm charts for installing the application.
helm install simple ./chart/event
Deploy Followed the deployment instructions.
Decide Decided on https://postgres-operator.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
Discover Inspect https://operatorhub.io/

#helm-vs-operators @ammbra1508
Create an Operator
KUDO (Kubernetes Universal Declarative Operator)
kubebuilder
Metacontroller along with WebHooks that you implement yourself
Operator Framework

#helm-vs-operators @ammbra1508
Final View

#helm-vs-operators @ammbra1508
Publish Helm Charts to a Repo
$ git checkout gh-pages
$ helm package ticket-store
$ mv ticket-store-0.1.0.tgz docs
$ helm repo index docs --url https://ammbra.github.io/helm-vs-operators
$ git add .
$ git commit –am “published charts”
$ git push origin

#helm-vs-operators @ammbra1508
Create an Operator from Helm Charts
$ helm repo add store https://ammbra.github.io/helm-vs-operators/
$ mkdir operator
$ cd operator
$ operator-sdk init --plugins helm --helm-chart store/ticket-store
$ kubectl apply -f config/samples/charts_v1alpha1_ticketstore.yaml

#helm-vs-operators @ammbra1508
Takeaways
Helm Operators
Have a custom packaging format. Include a great deal of complex configuration data
within the package.
You are deploying a generic application and are
happy with its settings.
Can deploy a stateful application and maintain it in a
completely automatic way.
Great for checking an application deployment. Can deploy an application across a cluster that is
configured in a particular way to achieve high
availability.
Have annotations that can trigger automatic
deployments.
Useful for operations related to backups or cluster
configuration.

#helm-vs-operators @ammbra1508
Code made available at
https://github.com/ammbra/helm-vs-operators

#helm-vs-operators @ammbra1508
Useful
https://operatorhub.io/
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The automation challenge: Kubernetes Operators vs Helm Charts

1. #helm-vs-operators @ammbra1508 The Automation Challenge: Kubernetes Operators vs Helm Charts Ana Maria Mihalceanu @ammbra1508 https://www.anamihalceanu.com/

2. #helm-vs-operators @ammbra1508 Hello! I am Ana Java Champion, Certified Architect Developer Advocate @ RedHat Solve challenging technical scenarios that involve Java-based frameworks & multiple cloud providers

3. #helm-vs-operators @ammbra1508 Microservices Kubernetes Divide et Impera architecture Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/otacke/10080909435

4. #helm-vs-operators @ammbra1508 (Some) Kubernetes Features Automated rollouts and rollbacks Batch execution Self-healing Horizontal scaling Service discovery and Load balancing Secret and configuration management Storage orchestration

5. #helm-vs-operators @ammbra1508 The Story of a Microservice </> Application code Docker file Kubernetes objects in yaml format

6. #helm-vs-operators @ammbra1508 Kubernetes Package Manager Manage and update multiple Kubernetes configurations Deploy many configs as a SINGLE application Parametrize for multiple environments support templates

7. HELM SHOW TIME

8. #helm-vs-operators @ammbra1508 Helm Advantages Check In a template, you can check nested values at every level Deploy Many configurations can be deployed through a single chart instance. Separate Non-final values are separated from the actual objects. Prototype Easily prototype an application installation.

9. #helm-vs-operators @ammbra1508 Distinctive Helm Aspects deployment.yaml Reusability is encouraged via include, _helpers.tpl and tpl Automatically roll deployments via annotations _helpers.tpl Instruct Helm to keep resources upon uninstall service.yaml

10. #helm-vs-operators @ammbra1508 Next Steps

11. WHAT HAPPENS AT THE MATURITY OF THE SYSTEM?

12. #helm-vs-operators @ammbra1508 Benefits of Using Operators Package human operational knowledge Clients like kubectl and dashboard automatically work with Operators The resources created via Operators are secured and use HTTPS Can be used to create backups or for configuring your cluster Cloud native tools can be maintained via operators

13. #helm-vs-operators @ammbra1508 What’s Next? Maintain Maintained the PostgreSQL database via the operator. Isolate Kept Helm charts for installing the application. helm install simple ./chart/event Deploy Followed the deployment instructions. Decide Decided on https://postgres-operator.readthedocs.io/en/latest/ Discover Inspect https://operatorhub.io/

14. #helm-vs-operators @ammbra1508 Create an Operator KUDO (Kubernetes Universal Declarative Operator) kubebuilder Metacontroller along with WebHooks that you implement yourself Operator Framework

15. #helm-vs-operators @ammbra1508 Final View

16. FROM HELM CHARTS TO OPERATORS

17. #helm-vs-operators @ammbra1508 Publish Helm Charts to a Repo $ git checkout gh-pages $ helm package ticket-store $ mv ticket-store-0.1.0.tgz docs $ helm repo index docs --url https://ammbra.github.io/helm-vs-operators $ git add . $ git commit –am “published charts” $ git push origin

18. #helm-vs-operators @ammbra1508 Create an Operator from Helm Charts $ helm repo add store https://ammbra.github.io/helm-vs-operators/ $ mkdir operator $ cd operator $ operator-sdk init --plugins helm --helm-chart store/ticket-store $ kubectl apply -f config/samples/charts_v1alpha1_ticketstore.yaml

19. #helm-vs-operators @ammbra1508 Takeaways Helm Operators Have a custom packaging format. Include a great deal of complex configuration data within the package. You are deploying a generic application and are happy with its settings. Can deploy a stateful application and maintain it in a completely automatic way. Great for checking an application deployment. Can deploy an application across a cluster that is configured in a particular way to achieve high availability. Have annotations that can trigger automatic deployments. Useful for operations related to backups or cluster configuration.

20. #helm-vs-operators @ammbra1508 Code made available at https://github.com/ammbra/helm-vs-operators

21. #helm-vs-operators @ammbra1508 Useful https://operatorhub.io/ Deploy a Crunchy PostgreSQL for Kubernetes Operator to an OpenShift cluster Helm operator tutorial Chart repository guide

The automation challenge: Kubernetes Operators vs Helm Charts

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