ROJoson, written in 2002

1. The Art of Making a Slide as a
Visual Aid
Reynaldo O. Joson, MD, MHA, MHPEd, MS Surg
May, 2002

2. What is a slide?
Standard 35 mm slide
Used in oral presentation
Medical and nonmedical

3. What are the different types of slide?
Text or Word Slides
Picture Slides
Picture Slides
Diagram, Figure or Illustration Slides
Table Slides
Slides with combination of above content

4. Slide
Black and white or color
Kodaliths (noncolor films)
Chrome films (Ektachrome, Fujichrome)
Computer-based programs
(Microsoft PowerPoint)

5. Black and White Slide
using Kodalith Film

6. PowerPoint
Black and White Slide
This is a black and white slide
made from
Microsoft PowerPoint.

7. Color Slide
using Chrome Film

8. PowerPoint
Color Slide
This is a color slide
made from
Microsoft PowerPoint.

9. ABC of Slide Presentation
Do NOT present poor slides.
Do NOT apologize for poor slides. Just discard them.
Choose slides that best achieve objectives of presentation.
Choose slides that are best appreciated by the audience.

10. Text Slide
Qualities of good text slide
Clear
Clean
Not jampacked
PROMOTE UNDERSTANDING

11. Text Slide
Problems with Clarity
Small size
Unclear font type
Unclear font style

12. Text Slide
Problem with Clarity
Small size
The font of this text slide is too small to be seen at a
reasonable distance.
The font should at least be 24 and in bold type.
The font of this text slide is too small to be seen at
a reasonable distance.
The font should at least be 24 and in bold type.

13. Text Slide
Problem with Clarity
Unclear font style
Is this font style clear to you?
Is this font style clear to you?
Is this font style clear to you?

14. Text Slide
Problem with Clarity
Unclear font type
Is this font type clear to you?
Is this font type clear to you?
Is this font type clear to you?

15. Text Slide
Problems with Clarity
Improper use of color

16. Proposed Treatment of Patients with a
Diagnosis of Phyllodes Tumor
Biopsy Proved
Phyllodes Tumor
Margins Positive,
Close, or < 1 cm
Re-excise w/
1 cm margin
Margins clear;
Follow-up BiannuallySystemic
Recurrence;
Consider chemo
Local Recurrence;
Confirm with Biopsy

17. Text Slide
Problems with Cleanliness
Too many typographical errors
Too many unnecessary print elements

18. Text Slide
Problem with Cleanliness
Too many typographical errors
Routine circumstition is NOT neccesary!
There are no medical benepits!
It is painfule!

19. Text Slide
Problem with Cleanliness
Too many unnecessary print elements

20. Text Slide
Problems with Jampacking
Too many lines
Too many words
Narrative
More than one message

21. Text Slide
Problems with Jampacking
Avoid jampacking
Few lines (max = 10) per slide
Few words (max = 5 per sline)
Use key words (remove articles, prepositions,
etc)
Outline (telegraphic) rather than narrative
One idea per slide
Use several slides for long message/idea

22. Text Slide
Problems with Jampacking
Too many lines
Too many words
Narrative
More than one message

23. Text Slide
Problem with Jampacking
Too many lines

24. REFERENCES
• Mangi A, Smith B, Gadd M, Tanabe K, Ott M, Souba W.
Surgical Management of Phyllodes Tumors. Archives of
Surgery 2000; 134:487-483.
• Rowell M, Perry R, Hsiu J, Barranco S. Phyllodes Tumors.
American Journal of Surgery 1993; 165: 376-379.
• McGregor G, Knowling M, Este F. Sarcoma and
Cystosarcoma Phyllodes Tumors of the Breast- A
Retrosepctive Review of 58 cases. American Journal of
Surgery 1994; 167: 477-480.
• Schwartz S, et al. Principles of Surgery. McGraw-Hill
Book Co. 1999; 552-553

25. REFERENCES
• Mangi A, Smith B, Gadd M, Tanabe K, Ott M, Souba
W. Surgical Management of Phyllodes Tumors.
Archives of Surgery 2000; 134:487-483.
• Rowell M, Perry R, Hsiu J, Barranco S. Phyllodes
Tumors. American Journal of Surgery 1993; 165: 376-
379.

26. REFERENCES
• McGregor G, Knowling M, Este F. Sarcoma and
Cystosarcoma Phyllodes Tumors of the Breast- A
Retrosepctive Review of 58 cases. American Journal of
Surgery 1994; 167: 477-480.
• Schwartz S, et al. Principles of Surgery. McGraw-Hill
Book Co. 1999; 552-553

27. Text Slide
Problem with Jampacking
Too many words

28. Text Slide
Problem with Jampacking
Narrative (rather than outlined)

29. Text Slide
Problem with Jampacking
More than one message

30. DIFFERENT METHODS IN ASSESSING THE CONTRALATERAL
KIDNEY INTRAOPERATIVELY
• PALPATION
• CAN ASSESS THE PRESENCE OF THE CONTRALATERAL KIDNEY BUT NOT THE
FUNCTION
• NO ASSOCIATED RISK
• EASY TO DO & IS ALWAYS AVAILABLE
• OBSERVATION OF URINE AFTER CLAMPING THE PEDICLE OF THE
INJURED KIDNEY
• CAN ASSESS THE PRESENCE AND FUNCTION OF THE CONTRALATERAL
KIDNEY
• NO ASSOCIATED RISK
• EASY TO DO & IS ALWAYS AVAILABLE
• A NEGATIVE URINE IS NOT USEFUL
• PROCEDURE: CLAMP THE PEDICLE OF THE INJURED KIDNEY
EVACUATE THE URINARY BLADDER
WAIT FOR 30 MINUTES (30ML OF URINE)
IF NO URINE OUTPUT, LOOK FOR OTHER CAUSES OF
NEGATIVE OUTPUT (HYDRATE ADEQUATELY)
IF STILL NO OUTPUT MAY TRY TO GIVE DIURETICS (?)
(USE OF DIURETICS IN THESE CASES IS NOT YET PROVEN TO BE
SAFE AND EFFECTIVE)

31. DIFFERENT METHODS IN ASSESSING THE CONTRALATERAL
KIDNEY INTRAOPERATIVELY
• OBSERVATION OF DYE IN THE URINE AFTER INJECTION OF
(METHYLENE BLUE, ETHYLENE BLUE OR INDIGO CARMINE)
INTRAVENOUSLY AFTER CLAMPING THE PEDICLE OF THE INJURED
KIDNEY
• CAN ASSESS THE PRESENCE AND FUNCTION OF THECONTRALATERAL
KIDNEY
• ASSOCIATED WITH ALLERGIC REACTION TO DYE
• EASY TO DO BUT NOT ALWAYS AVAILABLE
• FASTER THAN WAITING FOR URINE OUTFUT
• LESS EXPENSIVE THAN IVP BUT HIGHLY INFORMATIVE, NO NEED FOR
TRAINED PERSONNEL
• INTRAVENOUS PYELOGRAPHY
• CAN ASSESS THE PRESENCE AND FUNCTION OF THE CONTRALATERAL
KIDNEY
• ASSOCIATED WITH ALLERGIC REACTION TO CONTRAST MEDIA
• NEEDS TRAINED PERSONNEL & IS NOT ALWAYS AVAILABLE
• ACCURACY IS HIGHLY DEPENDENT ON THE QUALITY OF THE EXAM.
• MAY PROVIDE LITTLE INFORMATION ABOUT THE KIDNEY IF NOT DONE
PROPERLY
• TIME CONSUMING

32. Text Slide
Problems with Jampacking
Avoid jampacking
Few lines (max = 10) per slide
Few words (max = 5 per sline)
Use key words (remove articles, prepositions,
etc)
Outline (telegraphic) rather than narrative
One idea per slide
Use several slides for long message/idea

33. Picture Slide
Qualities of good picture slide
Clear
Clean
Not jampacked
PROMOTE UNDERSTANDING

34. Picture Slide
Problems with Clarity
Small size
Distant
Blurred picture
Overexposed
Underexposed
No proper orientation
Unclear message

35. Picture Slide
Problem with Clarity
Small size

36. Picture Slide
Problem with Clarity
Distant (need to zoom in)

37. Picture Slide
Problem with Clarity
Blurred picture (not sharp)

38. Picture Slide
Problem with Clarity
Blurred picture (not sharp)

39. Picture Slide
Problem with Clarity
Overexposed

40. Picture Slide
Problem with Clarity
Underexposed

41. Picture Slide
Problem with Clarity
Underexposed

42. Picture Slide
Problem with Clarity
Unclear message

43. Picture Slide
Problem with Clarity
Unclear message

44. Picture Slide
Problem with Clarity
No proper orientation

45. Picture Slide
Problems with Cleanliness
Dirts
Scratches
Soiling / Blotting
Too many unnecessary elements in picture
(copied picture)

46. Picture Slide
Problem with Cleanliness
Dirts

47. Picture Slide
Problems with Cleanliness
Which one is cleaner or dirtier?

48. Picture Slide
Problem with Cleanliness
Dirty

49. Picture Slide
Problem with Cleanliness
Scratches

50. Picture Slide
Problem with Cleanliness
“Bloody” Operative Field

51. Picture Slide
Problem with Cleanliness
Soiling/Blotting

52. Picture Slide
Problem with Cleanliness
Soiling/Blotting

53. Picture Slide
Problem with Cleanliness
“Unnecessary” elements
Good
Poor

54. Picture Slide
Problem with Cleanliness
Copied diagrams / illustrations

55. Picture Slide
Problem with Cleanliness
Copied diagrams / illustrations
Try to omit

56. Picture Slide
Problems with Jampacking
Too many pictures in one slide