Comparisons of single glazing vs. low-e insulating glazing vs. low-e vacuum insulated glass, in terms of energy consumptions of HVAC of an office building

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Simulation Analysis of
the Energy Saving of
Vacuum Insulated Glass
Comparisons of
single glazing vs. low-e insulating glazing vs. low-e vacuum insulated glass
in terms of energy consumptions of HVAC
of an office building in Shanghai
Apr. 2015

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Foreword
• This analysis develops a model with an energy simulation
tool for a typical floor of an office building in Shanghai. It
simulates and compares the energy consumptions of HVAC
(heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) of an office floor
installed with different types of glazing, single glazing, Low-
E insulating glazing and Low-E vacuum insulated glass.
• Dr. Kuei-Peng Lee, Department of Energy and Refrigeration
and Air Conditioning, National Taipei University of
Technology, was appointed to conduct this analysis. Dr. Lee
is an acknowledged expert on building energy efficiency and
participated in many major LEED certification projects in
Taiwan.

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The office floor
• The simulation model of this analysis is a typical floor of an
office building in Shanghai climatic zone. The dimension of
the floor, shape, operating schedules, equipment intensities,
window to wall ratio, U value of the wall, are listed below.
Interior Area Perimeter Area
Window to Wall ratio
Total Window Area
Occupant Density
Lighting Power
Density
Appliance Power
Density
U value of wall
Dimension of office floor
Length
Width
Height
Climatic Area
Shanghai

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Schedules of the office floor
Occupancy Schedules Lighting Schedules
Appliance Schedules Air Conditioning Schedules

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HVAC of the Office Building
• The air conditioning system of this office building is chilled-water
central air conditioning system. There are two scenarios for
heating system, natural gas boiler system and electric heating
system.
• The climate data of Shanghai is excerpted from U.S. DOE website
and the original data is from National Meteorological Center of
China. Below is the summary of the climatic data.
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Daily avg. total Solar
Radiation(Wh/m^2) 2025 3064 2873 4040 4709 4347 4372 3802 4247 3366 2493 2457
Highest dry-bulb temp(℃) 17.6 21.1 29.3 31.1 30.0 36.8 35.2 33.3 31.9 29.4 21.9 16.1
Lowest dry-bulb temp(℃) -4.2 -1.4 1.5 7.4 12.5 17.2 20.8 21.0 17.8 8.1 4.5 -4.5
Daily Average dry-bulb temp(℃) 4.5 6.3 9.9 15.3 20.6 24.3 27.5 27.0 24.4 18.9 13.6 7.4

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Energy Simulation Software
• eQUEST, a dynamic energy consumption simulation
software, is used in this analysis. The software is based on
DOE-2, a widely recognized building energy analysis
program that predicts the energy consumption for all types
of buildings.
• DOE-2 uses a description of the building layout, construction,
operating schedule, conditioning system and utility rates
along with climate data to perform an hourly simulation of
the building.

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Simulated Plans - Glazing
PlanPlanPlanPlan GlazingGlazingGlazingGlazing ProductProductProductProduct VisibleVisibleVisibleVisible SolarSolarSolarSolar HeatHeatHeatHeat UUUU ValueValueValueValue
SHCESHCESHCESHCE
TransTransTransTrans %%%%
ReflectReflectReflectReflect
OutdoorOutdoorOutdoorOutdoor %%%%
ReflectReflectReflectReflect %%%% AbsorbAbsorbAbsorbAbsorb %%%%
DirectDirectDirectDirect TransTransTransTrans
%%%%
FreezerFreezerFreezerFreezer
W/M2KW/M2KW/M2KW/M2K
CoolerCoolerCoolerCooler
W/M2KW/M2KW/M2KW/M2K
1
Single Clear Glass (Clear Glass)
CL-8mm
88 8 7 14 79 5.75 5.19 0.96
2
Low-E Insulating Glass (IG)
8mm Low-E+12A+6mm
65 14 17 44 39 1.78 1.77 0.57
3
Double silver Low-E VIG (VIG)
8mm+0.2V+8mm
67 11 23 45 32 0.60 0.61 0.46
Remarks：
Plan 1 : Taiwan Glass Ind. Corp’s “Clear Glass”
Plan 2: Taiwan Glass Ind. Corp’s “Low-E Insulating Glass”
Plan 3: TG TECO V-Glass Corp‘s “Vacuum Insulated Glass”

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Cooling load of Air Conditioning
CodeCodeCodeCode
PlanPlanPlanPlan 1111
Clear GlassClear GlassClear GlassClear Glass
PlanPlanPlanPlan 2222
IGIGIGIG
PlanPlanPlanPlan 3333
VIGVIGVIGVIG
Lighting sensible heat LT_S 29.171 29.171 29.171
Window sensible heat WIN_SOLAR 37.094 22.024 17.774
Ext. wall sensible heat EXT_W_S 6.011 6.011 6.011
Occupant sensible heat OCC_S 23.781 23.781 23.781
Occupant latent heat OCC_L 21.097 21.097 21.097
Equipment sensible heat EQ_S 16.291 16.291 16.291
Window Conduction WIN_COND 4.569 1.46 0.496
Infiltration latent heat INF_L 3.301 3.301 3.301
Infiltration sensible heat INF_S 1.025 1.025 1.025
TotalTotalTotalTotal 142.34142.34142.34142.34 124.16124.16124.16124.16 118.947118.947118.947118.947
Heat gain of air conditioning cooling load of the office floor (kW)

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Energy Consumption
(with Electric Heating)
Month Air Con Heating Others Sum Air Con Heating Others Sum Air Con Heating Others Sum
1 10742 22552 12274 45568 9004 14536 12274 35814 8530 11135 12274 31939
2 9793 16032 10959 36784 8232 10114 10959 29305 7805 7623 10959 26387
3 14008 21508 14258 49774 11839 13642 14258 39739 11245 10835 14258 36338
4 15150 14701 14150 44001 12939 9305 14150 36394 12333 7561 14150 34044
5 14016 0 13267 27283 12261 0 13267 25528 11789 0 13267 25056
6 17541 0 14150 31691 15452 0 14150 29602 14868 0 14150 29018
7 20167 0 14754 34921 17898 0 14754 32652 17235 0 14754 31989
8 18146 0 13762 31908 16049 0 13762 29811 15438 0 13762 29200
9 16414 0 13654 30068 14454 0 13654 28108 13917 0 13654 27571
10 15007 0 14258 29265 13088 0 14258 27346 12574 0 14258 26832
11 13647 15779 13654 43080 11569 9723 13654 34946 10998 7873 13654 32525
12 14111 22917 14754 51782 11863 14565 14754 41182 11247 11448 14754 37449
Total 178742178742178742178742 113489113489113489113489 163894163894163894163894 456125456125456125456125 154648154648154648154648 71885718857188571885 163894163894163894163894 390427390427390427390427 147979147979147979147979 56475564755647556475 163894163894163894163894 368348368348368348368348
Plan 1 Clear Glass (kWh)Plan 1 Clear Glass (kWh)Plan 1 Clear Glass (kWh)Plan 1 Clear Glass (kWh) Plan 2 IG (kWh)Plan 2 IG (kWh)Plan 2 IG (kWh)Plan 2 IG (kWh) Plan 3 VIG (kWh)Plan 3 VIG (kWh)Plan 3 VIG (kWh)Plan 3 VIG (kWh)
Monthly Electricity Consumption of Electric Heating (kWh)

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Comparisons of Energy Saving
(with Electric Heating)
14.40% 13.48%
36.66%
19.24% 17.21%
50.24%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Total Air Con. Electric
Heating
Total Air Con. Electric
Heating
Plan 2 IG Plan 3 VIG
Energy Saving Rate – Plan 2 IG & Plan 3 VIG
vs. Plan 1 Clear Glass
5.66%
4.31%
21.44%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
Total Air Con. Electric Heating
Plan 3 VIG
Energy Saving Rate – Plan 3 VIG vs. Plan 2 IG

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Energy Consumption
(with Boiler Heating)
Month Air Con Others Sum Air Con Others Sum Air Con Others Sum
1 10742 12274 23016 9004 12274 21278 8530 12274 20804
2 9793 10959 20752 8232 10959 19191 7805 10959 18764
3 14008 14258 28266 11839 14258 26097 11245 14258 25503
4 15150 14150 29300 12939 14150 27089 12333 14150 26483
5 14016 13267 27283 12261 13267 25528 11789 13267 25056
6 17541 14150 31691 15452 14150 29602 14868 14150 29018
7 20167 14754 34921 17898 14754 32652 17235 14754 31989
8 18146 13762 31908 16049 13762 29811 15438 13762 29200
9 16414 13654 30068 14454 13654 28108 13917 13654 27571
10 15007 14258 29265 13088 14258 27346 12574 14258 26832
11 13647 13654 27301 11569 13654 25223 10998 13654 24652
12 14111 14754 28865 11863 14754 26617 11247 14754 26001
Total 178742178742178742178742 163894163894163894163894 342636342636342636342636 154648154648154648154648 163894163894163894163894 318542318542318542318542 151719151719151719151719 163894163894163894163894 311873311873311873311873
Pla 1 Clear Glass (kWh)Pla 1 Clear Glass (kWh)Pla 1 Clear Glass (kWh)Pla 1 Clear Glass (kWh) Plan 2 IG (kWh)Plan 2 IG (kWh)Plan 2 IG (kWh)Plan 2 IG (kWh) Plan 3 VIG (kWh)Plan 3 VIG (kWh)Plan 3 VIG (kWh)Plan 3 VIG (kWh)
Monthly Electricity Consumption of Electric Heating (kWh)

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Natural Gas Consumption
(with Boiler Heating)
Month
Plan 1Plan 1Plan 1Plan 1
Clear GlassClear GlassClear GlassClear Glass
Plan 2Plan 2Plan 2Plan 2
IGIGIGIG
Plan 3Plan 3Plan 3Plan 3
VIGVIGVIGVIG
1 103.5 67.3 51.9
2 74.1 47.3 35.9
3 99.5 63.8 51.1
4 69 44.3 36.4
5 - - -
6 - - -
7 - - -
8 - - -
9 - - -
10 - - -
11 73.8 46 37.6
12 106 68.1 53.9
Total 525.9 336.8 266.8
Natural Gas Consumption of Boiler Heating System (MBtu)

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Comparisons of Energy Saving
(with Boiler Heating)
7.03%
13.48%
35.96%
8.98%
17.21%
49.27%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Total Air Con. Boiler
Heating
Total Air Con. Boiler
Heating
Plan 2 IG Plan 3 VIG
Energy Saving Rate – Plan 2 IG & Plan 3 VIG
vs. Plan 1 Clear Glass
2.09%
4.31%
20.78%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
Total Air Con. Boiler Heating
Plan 3 VIG
Energy Saving Rate – Plan 3 VIG vs. Plan 2 IG

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Conclusions (1/2)
• Power Consumption Comparisons with Electric Heating
• The energy saving of Plan 3 VIG is the best
• Compared with Plan 1 Clear Glass, Plan 3’s energy saving rates of
electric heating, air conditioning and total energy consumption are
50.2%, 17.2%, and 19.2% respectively.
• Compared with Plan 2 IG, Plan 3’s power saving rates of electric
heating, air conditioning and total energy consumption are 21.4%,
4.3%, and 5.7% respectively.
• Power Consumption Comparisons with Boiler Heating
• The energy saving of Plan 3 VIG is the best
• Compared with Plan 1 Clear Glass, Plan 3’s power saving rates of
boiler heating, air conditioning and total energy consumption are
49.3%, 17.2%, and 9% respectively.
• Compared with Plan 2 IG, Plan 3’s power saving rates of boiler
heating, air conditioning and total energy consumption are 20.8%
and 4.3%, and 2.09% respectively.

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Conclusions (2/2)
• The above mentioned results only calculate the energy
savings from the improvement of building envelops. The
cost saving results from the reduction of the related
facilities, such as HVAC, is not included.
• On the other hand, because the thickness of VIG is much
less than that of IG, the amount and weight of window
frames/accessories can be reduced. Therefore, the loading
of the building structure will be reduced. If the building is
designed with VIG, the cost of the building structure
materials can be decreased.

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Contact Information
TECO Nanotech Co., Ltd.
E-mail: information@teconano.com.tw
http://www.teconano.com.tw
Tel: +886-3-4736200
Fax: +886-3-473-6259
About TECONano
TECONano is a technical services company, offering:
- VIG process technical licensing services
- Turnkey solutions or key facilities for VIG mass
production and product design