The document discusses several key aspects of the Renaissance period in Europe. It began in the 14th century as a cultural movement characterized by a renewed interest in classical Roman art and history. During the Middle Ages, a feudal system had developed to replace the old Roman system in the wake of its collapse. The Black Death pandemic ravaged Europe in the 14th century, killing millions and weakening the economy. The Magna Carta established limits on royal power in 1215. The Great Schism divided the Catholic Church between eastern and western factions. The Renaissance period saw advances in science, philosophy, and a new humanist worldview.