The above case study highlighted the rise of trade unions in South Africa as a result of apartheid laws and the exclusion of black employees from political activities. Critically examine the below trade unions and provide a comprehensive discussion on their impact in protecting the rights of employees in the mining industry. - Carpenters' and Joiners' Union (1881) - The National Union of Mineworkers was founded (1982) - Congress of South Africa Trade Union (COSATU) (1985).