The 3rd of October
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The German Reunification. PPT realizzata dalle classi 3A e 3B dell'Istituto Comprensivo di Botrugno, Nociglia e San Cassiano, guidati dalla prof.ssa Tiziana Diso, in occasione della condivisione della commemorizzazione della ricorrenza tedesca con i partner del progetto Comenius.
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The Golden Age Of Weimar
The document summarizes Germany's recovery after economic and political crises in the early 1920s. Under the leadership of Gustav Stresemann as chancellor from 1923 to 1929, Germany experienced a "Golden Age". Stresemann stabilized the economy by introducing a new currency, the Rentenmark, and improved diplomatic relations by adhering to the Treaty of Versailles and signing the Treaty of Locarno, regaining international trust. As a result, Germany saw increased industrial growth, employment, and prosperity in the later half of the 1920s.
5 Good Years And Card Sort
1924-1929 were considered the Golden Years of the Weimar Republic due to economic and political stability during this period. Foreign minister Stresemann secured loans from the US and improved relations with France and Britain. However, Germany was heavily in debt to the US. The Great Depression plunged Germany into economic crisis when the US recalled its loans. This increased unemployment and hurt the Weimar government. It also boosted support for the Nazis as people turned to extreme parties during the instability.
The Golden Years of Weimar
1924 to 1929 are often called the "Golden Years of the Weimar Republic". Traces economic, diplomatic and cultural events in this period.
Germanys way to_democracy
1. After World War 2, Germany was divided into four zones controlled by the Allied powers. Berlin was also divided.
2. In 1961, East Germany constructed the Berlin Wall to prevent mass emigration to West Berlin and West Germany for economic and political reasons. The wall cut off East Berlin from West Berlin.
3. Germany reunified in 1990 when East Germany dissolved and its citizens became citizens of West Germany, removing the final obstacle to reunification.
Geschiedenis weimar society and culture
The document provides an overview of Weimar society and culture between 1918-1933. It summarizes that while the aristocracy lost power, industrialists remained influential. The middle class struggled economically. Unions gained rights through agreements with industry. Berlin became a cultural hub with new opportunities for women, but many still opposed the Republic. Artistic movements like Expressionism, Dada and New Objectivity emerged, influenced by the war.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: TO WHAT EXTENT DID THE WEIMAR REPUBLIC RECOVER AFTER 192...
The document discusses the recovery of Germany after the economic crisis and instability of 1919-1923. It describes how Gustav Stresemann became Chancellor in 1923 and implemented policies that ended hyperinflation and defeated a Nazi coup attempt. As Foreign Minister from 1924-1929, Stresemann negotiated international agreements like the Dawes Plan and Locarno Treaty that improved Germany's economy and relations. However, the Weimar Republic remained weak with many opposed to democracy and uneven economic growth continuing dependence on foreign loans.
Unification of germany
The document discusses the unification of Germany which began in the early 19th century. It describes how many German states joined together with other powers like Russia and Austria to defeat Napoleon's army at the Battle of Leipzig in 1813 during the Napoleonic Wars. This began the process of unifying the German states. Later, the Congress of Vienna formally ended the Napoleonic Wars in 1815.
First world war and the Bismarck Systems
The document provides background information on the First World War from 1914-1918. It describes how the war introduced the concept of "Total War" where entire countries mobilized their resources. New weapons like tanks, airplanes, poison gas, and machine guns were used. The war resulted in over 9 million casualties and 6 million disabled. It caused massive economic damage and displaced millions of refugees. Leading up to the war, Germany's Chancellor Bismarck had established a complex system of alliances in Europe that broke down and led to the outbreak of war in 1914.
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The Golden Age Of Weimar
The document summarizes Germany's recovery after economic and political crises in the early 1920s. Under the leadership of Gustav Stresemann as chancellor from 1923 to 1929, Germany experienced a "Golden Age". Stresemann stabilized the economy by introducing a new currency, the Rentenmark, and improved diplomatic relations by adhering to the Treaty of Versailles and signing the Treaty of Locarno, regaining international trust. As a result, Germany saw increased industrial growth, employment, and prosperity in the later half of the 1920s.
5 Good Years And Card Sort
1924-1929 were considered the Golden Years of the Weimar Republic due to economic and political stability during this period. Foreign minister Stresemann secured loans from the US and improved relations with France and Britain. However, Germany was heavily in debt to the US. The Great Depression plunged Germany into economic crisis when the US recalled its loans. This increased unemployment and hurt the Weimar government. It also boosted support for the Nazis as people turned to extreme parties during the instability.
The Golden Years of Weimar
1924 to 1929 are often called the "Golden Years of the Weimar Republic". Traces economic, diplomatic and cultural events in this period.
Germanys way to_democracy
1. After World War 2, Germany was divided into four zones controlled by the Allied powers. Berlin was also divided.
2. In 1961, East Germany constructed the Berlin Wall to prevent mass emigration to West Berlin and West Germany for economic and political reasons. The wall cut off East Berlin from West Berlin.
3. Germany reunified in 1990 when East Germany dissolved and its citizens became citizens of West Germany, removing the final obstacle to reunification.
Geschiedenis weimar society and culture
The document provides an overview of Weimar society and culture between 1918-1933. It summarizes that while the aristocracy lost power, industrialists remained influential. The middle class struggled economically. Unions gained rights through agreements with industry. Berlin became a cultural hub with new opportunities for women, but many still opposed the Republic. Artistic movements like Expressionism, Dada and New Objectivity emerged, influenced by the war.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: TO WHAT EXTENT DID THE WEIMAR REPUBLIC RECOVER AFTER 192...
The document discusses the recovery of Germany after the economic crisis and instability of 1919-1923. It describes how Gustav Stresemann became Chancellor in 1923 and implemented policies that ended hyperinflation and defeated a Nazi coup attempt. As Foreign Minister from 1924-1929, Stresemann negotiated international agreements like the Dawes Plan and Locarno Treaty that improved Germany's economy and relations. However, the Weimar Republic remained weak with many opposed to democracy and uneven economic growth continuing dependence on foreign loans.
Unification of germany
The document discusses the unification of Germany which began in the early 19th century. It describes how many German states joined together with other powers like Russia and Austria to defeat Napoleon's army at the Battle of Leipzig in 1813 during the Napoleonic Wars. This began the process of unifying the German states. Later, the Congress of Vienna formally ended the Napoleonic Wars in 1815.
First world war and the Bismarck Systems
The document provides background information on the First World War from 1914-1918. It describes how the war introduced the concept of "Total War" where entire countries mobilized their resources. New weapons like tanks, airplanes, poison gas, and machine guns were used. The war resulted in over 9 million casualties and 6 million disabled. It caused massive economic damage and displaced millions of refugees. Leading up to the war, Germany's Chancellor Bismarck had established a complex system of alliances in Europe that broke down and led to the outbreak of war in 1914.
Weimar republic
The Weimar Republic was established in Germany after World War 1. It faced significant challenges, including threats from communist and nationalist groups, resentment over the Treaty of Versailles, and severe economic problems. In the early 1920s, the Freikorps helped crush communist uprisings while nationalist groups like the Kapp Putsch and Hitler's Beer Hall Putsch threatened the government. Hyperinflation crippled the economy until Stresemann stabilized the currency. Stresemann improved diplomatic relations, signing the Locarno Treaty, but the Great Depression eroded faith in the Republic in the early 1930s.
HISTORY IGCSE CONTENT - 20TH CENTURY OPTION - FAIRNESS OF THE TREATIES 1919-1...
HISTORY IGCSE CONTENT - 20TH CENTURY OPTION - FAIRNESS OF THE TREATIES 1919-1923: DAVID LLOYD GEORGE AND HIS ROLE
Treaty of versaille and great depression
The document summarizes key details about the Treaty of Versailles and the worldwide economic depression in the 1930s. The Treaty of Versailles was signed in 1919 after World War I to establish peace terms between the Allied powers (France, UK, US) and defeated Germany. It required major land and resource concessions from Germany and imposed heavy reparations. However, the harsh terms deepened Germany's postwar troubles and contributed to global economic instability, culminating in a worldwide depression in the 1930s.
How did Germany recover between 1924 and 1929?
Germany recovered economically between 1924-1929 through the leadership of Gustav Stresemann and international agreements. Stresemann introduced the Rentenmark to stabilize the currency. He negotiated foreign loans to create jobs and restructured reparations payments through the Dawes and Young Plans to reduce Germany's debts. This economic recovery created stability and prosperity, reducing support for the Nazi party. However, Germany became dependent on US loans.
The Recovery Years - Gustav Stresemann Part 2
The document discusses the work of Gustav Stresemann and the recovery of Germany under his leadership after 1923. It provides information on several economic plans and international agreements Stresemann implemented that helped stabilize Germany, such as the Dawes Plan in 1924 and the Locarno Treaties in 1925. However, it also notes ongoing economic and political problems, including high unemployment, the rise of the Nazis and Communists, and some opposition to Stresemann's foreign policies. The document examines achievements and challenges during Stresemann's chancellorship and aims to evaluate how fully the Weimar Republic recovered during this time period.
Culture In Weimar Republic Williams
Culture flourished in Weimar Germany between 1924-1929, known as the Golden Age. Berlin replaced Paris as the world center of modern art due to influential artistic movements like Expressionism. Notable artists included Paul Klee, Max Beckmann, and George Grosz. Literature also blossomed, with Thomas Mann winning the Nobel Prize, while books like All Quiet on the Western Front captured the impact of World War I. Architectural designs modernized under the influential Bauhaus School, focusing on functionalism. Provocative theatre and cabaret grew popular alongside plays challenging bourgeois values. German cinema dominated Europe, producing masterpieces under directors like Fritz Lang and Ernst Lubitsch.
A truly depressing depression
Germany was slowly recovering from World War I while France and Britain pursued policies to restrain wages and keep Germany weak. The United States was lending money and investing in Western and Central Europe as those regions depended on the U.S. economy. The 1929 stock market crash in New York caused the Young Plan for more U.S. loans to Germany to fail, exacerbating unemployment in Germany. Across Europe, the Great Depression led to rising unemployment, halted reparations, street warfare, the end of the gold standard in Britain, and increased tariffs globally.
History - how did the weimar republic survive (from bbc history)
The Weimar Republic nearly collapsed in 1923 due to hyperinflation, revolutions, and public discontent. However, it was saved by Gustav Stresemann and Charles Dawes. Stresemann organized the Great Coalition government and enacted reforms, while Dawes ended hyperinflation and arranged loans to restart the economy. Despite successes, the Weimar Republic remained dependent on American money and vulnerable to nationalist groups seeking to undermine it.
TREATY OF VERSAILLES - GERMAN PASSIVE RESISTANCE
The document discusses the consequences of Germany defaulting on reparations payments required by the Treaty of Versailles after World War 1. In response to Germany missing a payment in late 1922, France and Belgium occupied Germany's key industrial Ruhr Valley region in 1923 to seize industrial goods. The German government ordered "passive resistance" where workers refused to work or cooperate. This led to hyperinflation as more money was printed to pay workers, a general strike, and political instability plagued Germany.
The Weimar Republic
Weimar Germany experienced a period of political instability, economic turmoil, and cultural flourishing following World War 1. The 1919 Weimar Constitution established Germany as a democratic republic while the Treaty of Versailles imposed punitive reparations. Berlin became a cultural epicenter known for its art, architecture, literature and film. However, the Wall Street crash of 1929 exacerbated economic woes, giving rise to unemployment and hyperinflation that destabilized the government and allowed the Nazis to rise to power under Hitler in 1933.
Golden years of weimar
The document discusses the "Golden Years" of Weimar Germany from 1924-1929. It describes improvements in the economic, political, and cultural spheres during this period. Economically, the Dawes Plan, Rentenmark, and US loans helped stabilize Germany's economy. Politically, signing treaties like the Treaty of Locarno and forming coalitions indicated political normalization. Culturally, movements like Dadaism, Bauhaus, and Expressionism flourished, and Berlin became a vibrant cultural and artistic hub known for its nightlife. This period marked a social and economic recovery in Weimar Germany after the turmoil of its early years.
Art & Culture of the Weimar Republic
The document summarizes art and culture of the Weimar Republic from 1919-1933. It discusses the social and economic challenges of the time period including hyperinflation and unemployment. Major art movements included German Expressionism, Neue Sachlichkeit, Dada, and Bauhaus. Important artists named include Otto Dix, George Grosz, Hannah Hoch, and Kurt Schwitters. Architecture was influenced by Expressionism, with Walter Gropius and Mies van der Rohe as leading figures. Influential films from the era were The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari and Metropolis.
HISTORY IGCSE CONTENT - 20TH CENTURY OPTION - FAIRNESS OF THE TREATIES 1919-1...
HISTORY IGCSE CONTENT - 20TH CENTURY OPTION - FAIRNESS OF THE TREATIES 1919-1923: WHY DID ALL THE VICTORS NOT GET EVERYTHING THEY WANTED? - BRITAIN
World War 1 and its Impact on Germany
1) WWI began due to increasing tensions between imperial powers in Europe, particularly Germany and Britain. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand triggered Austria-Hungary to issue demands on Serbia, drawing allies on both sides into war.
2) The US initially remained neutral, but was drawn into the war by 1917 due to German submarine warfare, propaganda from Allied nations, and economic interests in Allied victory.
3) The Treaty of Versailles after WWI imposed harsh terms on Germany, including war guilt, military restrictions, and territorial losses. This contributed to economic instability and rise of the Nazi party in Germany in the following decades.
HISTORY IGCSE CONTENT - 20TH CENTURY OPTION - FAIRNESS OF THE TREATIES 1919-1...
HISTORY IGCSE CONTENT - 20TH CENTURY OPTION - FAIRNESS OF THE TREATIES 1919-1923: THE IMPACT OF THE TREATY ON GERMANY UP TO 1923.
Wemar Germany - long term effects of the treaty of versailles
The long-term effects of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany and the Weimar Republic are debated among historians. Some argue that the treaty helped undermine the Weimar government by fueling nationalist sentiment and anger at Germany's leaders who signed it. This increased support for radical right-wing parties and contributed to the Nazis rising to power. However, others maintain that factors like the German electoral system, fears of communism, and the worldwide Great Depression were also to blame for the Weimar collapse, rather than just the treaty alone. There are arguments on both sides of whether and to what extent the harsh treaty caused Germany's political instability in the early 20th century.
HISTORY IGCSE CONTENT - 20TH CENTURY OPTION - FAIRNESS OF THE TREATIES 1919-1...
HISTORY IGCSE CONTENT - 20TH CENTURY OPTION - FAIRNESS OF THE TREATIES 1919-1923: MAIN TERMS OF THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES
Franco prussian relations pdf
After Prussia's victory over Austria in 1866:
1) Napoleon III of France became deeply concerned by Prussia's growing power and sought to limit Prussian expansion.
2) Tensions rose further during the Luxembourg Crisis of 1866, when Bismarck opposed French influence in the region, damaging Franco-Prussian relations.
3) Over the following years disputes over succession to the Spanish throne and interpretations of communications like the Ems Telegram increased tensions until the Franco-Prussian War broke out in 1870, culminating in Prussia's victory and the unification of Germany under Prussian leadership.
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NAZI GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC 1923-1929. It contains Weimar Republic, Stresemann era, Golden era of the Weimar Republic.
THE SAMOAN MAU MOVEMENT: NEW ZEALAND CONTROL EXTENDED - THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS...
The document summarizes how Western Samoa came under New Zealand control through a League of Nations mandate after World War 1. Germany was stripped of its colonial possessions, including German Samoa, after its defeat. The League of Nations granted New Zealand a Class C mandate over the former German Samoa territory, giving it direct rule until Samoa gained independence in 1962. While the League's goal was to maintain peace, Samoans resented New Zealand's governance under the 1921 Samoa Act.
Berlin wall
The document summarizes the history of the Berlin Wall, which was built in 1961 by East Germany to stop the flow of people escaping from East to West Berlin. It stood as a symbol of the Cold War division of Germany for 28 years. The Wall was a response to the mass emigration of over 2.5 million East Germans to the more prosperous and free West between 1949-1961, which undermined East Germany's communist regime by depriving it of professionals and intellectuals. Despite earlier attempts to restrict movement, the communist governments of East Germany and Soviet Russia ultimately decided to close the border entirely with the Berlin Wall to gain control over emigration.
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The Weimar Republic was established in Germany after World War 1. It faced significant challenges, including threats from communist and nationalist groups, resentment over the Treaty of Versailles, and severe economic problems. In the early 1920s, the Freikorps helped crush communist uprisings while nationalist groups like the Kapp Putsch and Hitler's Beer Hall Putsch threatened the government. Hyperinflation crippled the economy until Stresemann stabilized the currency. Stresemann improved diplomatic relations, signing the Locarno Treaty, but the Great Depression eroded faith in the Republic in the early 1930s.
HISTORY IGCSE CONTENT - 20TH CENTURY OPTION - FAIRNESS OF THE TREATIES 1919-1...
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Treaty of versaille and great depression
The document summarizes key details about the Treaty of Versailles and the worldwide economic depression in the 1930s. The Treaty of Versailles was signed in 1919 after World War I to establish peace terms between the Allied powers (France, UK, US) and defeated Germany. It required major land and resource concessions from Germany and imposed heavy reparations. However, the harsh terms deepened Germany's postwar troubles and contributed to global economic instability, culminating in a worldwide depression in the 1930s.
How did Germany recover between 1924 and 1929?
Germany recovered economically between 1924-1929 through the leadership of Gustav Stresemann and international agreements. Stresemann introduced the Rentenmark to stabilize the currency. He negotiated foreign loans to create jobs and restructured reparations payments through the Dawes and Young Plans to reduce Germany's debts. This economic recovery created stability and prosperity, reducing support for the Nazi party. However, Germany became dependent on US loans.
The Recovery Years - Gustav Stresemann Part 2
The document discusses the work of Gustav Stresemann and the recovery of Germany under his leadership after 1923. It provides information on several economic plans and international agreements Stresemann implemented that helped stabilize Germany, such as the Dawes Plan in 1924 and the Locarno Treaties in 1925. However, it also notes ongoing economic and political problems, including high unemployment, the rise of the Nazis and Communists, and some opposition to Stresemann's foreign policies. The document examines achievements and challenges during Stresemann's chancellorship and aims to evaluate how fully the Weimar Republic recovered during this time period.
Culture In Weimar Republic Williams
Culture flourished in Weimar Germany between 1924-1929, known as the Golden Age. Berlin replaced Paris as the world center of modern art due to influential artistic movements like Expressionism. Notable artists included Paul Klee, Max Beckmann, and George Grosz. Literature also blossomed, with Thomas Mann winning the Nobel Prize, while books like All Quiet on the Western Front captured the impact of World War I. Architectural designs modernized under the influential Bauhaus School, focusing on functionalism. Provocative theatre and cabaret grew popular alongside plays challenging bourgeois values. German cinema dominated Europe, producing masterpieces under directors like Fritz Lang and Ernst Lubitsch.
A truly depressing depression
Germany was slowly recovering from World War I while France and Britain pursued policies to restrain wages and keep Germany weak. The United States was lending money and investing in Western and Central Europe as those regions depended on the U.S. economy. The 1929 stock market crash in New York caused the Young Plan for more U.S. loans to Germany to fail, exacerbating unemployment in Germany. Across Europe, the Great Depression led to rising unemployment, halted reparations, street warfare, the end of the gold standard in Britain, and increased tariffs globally.
History - how did the weimar republic survive (from bbc history)
The Weimar Republic nearly collapsed in 1923 due to hyperinflation, revolutions, and public discontent. However, it was saved by Gustav Stresemann and Charles Dawes. Stresemann organized the Great Coalition government and enacted reforms, while Dawes ended hyperinflation and arranged loans to restart the economy. Despite successes, the Weimar Republic remained dependent on American money and vulnerable to nationalist groups seeking to undermine it.
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The document discusses the consequences of Germany defaulting on reparations payments required by the Treaty of Versailles after World War 1. In response to Germany missing a payment in late 1922, France and Belgium occupied Germany's key industrial Ruhr Valley region in 1923 to seize industrial goods. The German government ordered "passive resistance" where workers refused to work or cooperate. This led to hyperinflation as more money was printed to pay workers, a general strike, and political instability plagued Germany.
The Weimar Republic
Weimar Germany experienced a period of political instability, economic turmoil, and cultural flourishing following World War 1. The 1919 Weimar Constitution established Germany as a democratic republic while the Treaty of Versailles imposed punitive reparations. Berlin became a cultural epicenter known for its art, architecture, literature and film. However, the Wall Street crash of 1929 exacerbated economic woes, giving rise to unemployment and hyperinflation that destabilized the government and allowed the Nazis to rise to power under Hitler in 1933.
Golden years of weimar
The document discusses the "Golden Years" of Weimar Germany from 1924-1929. It describes improvements in the economic, political, and cultural spheres during this period. Economically, the Dawes Plan, Rentenmark, and US loans helped stabilize Germany's economy. Politically, signing treaties like the Treaty of Locarno and forming coalitions indicated political normalization. Culturally, movements like Dadaism, Bauhaus, and Expressionism flourished, and Berlin became a vibrant cultural and artistic hub known for its nightlife. This period marked a social and economic recovery in Weimar Germany after the turmoil of its early years.
Art & Culture of the Weimar Republic
The document summarizes art and culture of the Weimar Republic from 1919-1933. It discusses the social and economic challenges of the time period including hyperinflation and unemployment. Major art movements included German Expressionism, Neue Sachlichkeit, Dada, and Bauhaus. Important artists named include Otto Dix, George Grosz, Hannah Hoch, and Kurt Schwitters. Architecture was influenced by Expressionism, with Walter Gropius and Mies van der Rohe as leading figures. Influential films from the era were The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari and Metropolis.
HISTORY IGCSE CONTENT - 20TH CENTURY OPTION - FAIRNESS OF THE TREATIES 1919-1...
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World War 1 and its Impact on Germany
1) WWI began due to increasing tensions between imperial powers in Europe, particularly Germany and Britain. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand triggered Austria-Hungary to issue demands on Serbia, drawing allies on both sides into war.
2) The US initially remained neutral, but was drawn into the war by 1917 due to German submarine warfare, propaganda from Allied nations, and economic interests in Allied victory.
3) The Treaty of Versailles after WWI imposed harsh terms on Germany, including war guilt, military restrictions, and territorial losses. This contributed to economic instability and rise of the Nazi party in Germany in the following decades.
HISTORY IGCSE CONTENT - 20TH CENTURY OPTION - FAIRNESS OF THE TREATIES 1919-1...
HISTORY IGCSE CONTENT - 20TH CENTURY OPTION - FAIRNESS OF THE TREATIES 1919-1923: THE IMPACT OF THE TREATY ON GERMANY UP TO 1923.
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The long-term effects of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany and the Weimar Republic are debated among historians. Some argue that the treaty helped undermine the Weimar government by fueling nationalist sentiment and anger at Germany's leaders who signed it. This increased support for radical right-wing parties and contributed to the Nazis rising to power. However, others maintain that factors like the German electoral system, fears of communism, and the worldwide Great Depression were also to blame for the Weimar collapse, rather than just the treaty alone. There are arguments on both sides of whether and to what extent the harsh treaty caused Germany's political instability in the early 20th century.
HISTORY IGCSE CONTENT - 20TH CENTURY OPTION - FAIRNESS OF THE TREATIES 1919-1...
HISTORY IGCSE CONTENT - 20TH CENTURY OPTION - FAIRNESS OF THE TREATIES 1919-1923: MAIN TERMS OF THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES
Franco prussian relations pdf
After Prussia's victory over Austria in 1866:
1) Napoleon III of France became deeply concerned by Prussia's growing power and sought to limit Prussian expansion.
2) Tensions rose further during the Luxembourg Crisis of 1866, when Bismarck opposed French influence in the region, damaging Franco-Prussian relations.
3) Over the following years disputes over succession to the Spanish throne and interpretations of communications like the Ems Telegram increased tensions until the Franco-Prussian War broke out in 1870, culminating in Prussia's victory and the unification of Germany under Prussian leadership.
NAZI GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC 1924-1929
NAZI GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC 1923-1929. It contains Weimar Republic, Stresemann era, Golden era of the Weimar Republic.
THE SAMOAN MAU MOVEMENT: NEW ZEALAND CONTROL EXTENDED - THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS...
The document summarizes how Western Samoa came under New Zealand control through a League of Nations mandate after World War 1. Germany was stripped of its colonial possessions, including German Samoa, after its defeat. The League of Nations granted New Zealand a Class C mandate over the former German Samoa territory, giving it direct rule until Samoa gained independence in 1962. While the League's goal was to maintain peace, Samoans resented New Zealand's governance under the 1921 Samoa Act.
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After World War 2, Germany and Berlin were divided between the Western Allies and Soviet Union. Tensions rose as many East Germans fled to the West for greater economic opportunities. In 1961, East Germany erected the Berlin Wall to prevent further emigration, trapping its population. Over its 28-year history, the Wall killed over 200 people trying to cross into the West. Internal pressures in East Germany and the Soviet Union's abandonment of the Brezhnev Doctrine led to the Wall's fall in 1989 and German reunification in 1990.
Aleena: The Berlin Wall
The construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961 divided Germany and Berlin between East and West. It restricted East Germans' freedom and trapped them under communist rule, while West Germans maintained freedom and a capitalist society. The wall escalated tensions in the Cold War between the US and Soviet Union, with the US increasing its military presence in West Berlin in response to the wall's construction.
Berlin Wall
The document summarizes the history of the Berlin Wall, including its construction in 1961 by East Germany to prevent emigration to West Berlin, details of its physical structure, and statistics on deaths that occurred from people trying to cross over. It then discusses internal and external pressures that led to the Wall's fall in 1989, including Gorbachev's policies of perestroika and glasnost that reduced Soviet control over satellite states. The document concludes with Germany being reunified in 1990.
The Cold War Lamya and Doua 9C
The Cold War began in 1946 due to tensions between the Western world led by the US and the Communist world led by the Soviet Union. Stalin wanted control over Eastern Europe and a weak Germany while the US wanted independent states and a strong Germany. This led to differing views on security and the domination of Eastern Europe by the Soviet Union. In response, the US implemented the Truman Doctrine to provide aid to Greece and Turkey, and the Marshall Plan to give economic aid to Europe to prevent the spread of communism. When Stalin blocked access to West Berlin, the US launched the Berlin Airlift to supply the city by plane until the blockade ended.
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The 3rd of October
- 1. THE 3rd OF OCTOBER
- 2. Historical Importance of the Berlin Wall The Berlin Wall was the physical division between West Berlin and East Germany. However, it was also the symbolic boundary between democracy and Communism during the Cold War.
- 3. The Berlin Wall was erected in the dead of night and for 28 years kept East Germans from fleeing to the West. Its destruction, which was nearly as instantaneous as its creation, is still celebrated around the world on 3rd October.
- 4. At the end of World War II, the Allied powers divided conquered Germany into four zones, each occupied by either the United States, Great Britain, France, or the Soviet Union. The same was done with Germany's capital city, Berlin. Although an eventual reunification of Germany had been intended, the new relationship between the Allied powers turned Germany into West versus East, democracy versus Communism.
- 5. Within a short period of time after the war, living conditions in West Germany and East Germany became distinctly different. With the help and support of its occupying powers, West Germany set up a capitalist society and experienced such a rapid growth of their economy that it became known as the "economic miracle." With hard work, individuals living in West Germany were able to live well, buy gadgets and appliances, and to travel as they wished.
- 6. By the late 1950s, many people living in East Germany wanted out. No longer able to stand the repressive living conditions of East Germany, they would pack up their bags and head to West Berlin. Although some of them would be stopped on their way, hundreds of thousands of others made it across the border.
- 7. THE FALL On the 9th of November, 1989, the Border separating Western from Eastern Germany was effectively opened. The following days were most unusual for the whole of Germany - considering the usual German ways, one could almost speak of anarchy: Shops stayed open as long as they wanted (the usual, mandatory closing time was 6:30pm in 1989), a GDR passport served as a free ticket for public transport, and in general there were more exceptions than rules in those days.