Term loan financing
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Modes of Financing Purpose of Term Loans Types and Features of Term Loans Procedures Associated with Term Loans Pros and Cons of Term Loans Appraisal of Project Repayment Schedule Syndicated Loans
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Debuntures and term loans
This document discusses debentures and term loans as methods for companies to raise finance. It defines debentures as a type of loan issued by companies that pays a fixed rate of interest but does not give the holder ownership in the company. Term loans are defined as loans that must be repaid in regular installments over a set period of time at a specified interest rate. The document outlines the key features, types, advantages and disadvantages of both debentures and term loans as financing options for companies.
Principles of lending and Types of Financing
This document discusses principles of lending in banking. It provides details about group members working on the project, principles of lending including safety, liquidity, security and remuneration. It describes factors considered for lending including character, capacity, capital, conditions and cash flow. It also discusses types of fund based and non-fund based finances and their features. Key characteristics of individual and corporate borrowers are outlined.
Sources of finance part 2
Short-term finance usually refers to additional money needed by a business for periods under one year. Main sources include trade credit, bridge financing from banks, commercial bank loans, commercial paper, and inter-corporate deposits. Venture capital finances new, risky ventures through equity, conditional loans, income notes, or participating debentures. Leasing and hire purchase provide equipment financing by periodic rental payments, with ownership transferring after full payment in hire purchase. Government programs subsidize industries in backward areas and defer or exempt sales taxes to attract businesses.
Intermediate term financing
Intermediate term financing refers to loans between 1 to 10 years. It is provided by private banks, finance companies, and insurance companies. Term loans must be repaid in regular installments over a set period of time and have various repayment structures like straight repayment, balloon payment, or deferred principal payment. Borrowers are subject to covenants restricting dividends, debt levels, and asset sales during the loan term.
sources of short term finance.
- The document discusses sources of short-term finance for businesses. It identifies key sources as trade credit, bank loans/overdrafts, customers' advances, installment plans, and cooperative bank loans.
- Trade credit involves suppliers providing goods on 30-90 day payment terms. Bank financing includes loans, cash credits, overdrafts and bill discounting. Customers' advances and installment plans provide pre-payments from customers. Cooperative banks also offer short-term business loans.
- Short-term financing has benefits like low cost, flexibility and meeting long-term needs but has drawbacks like fixed interest costs, placing charges on assets, and difficulty raising funds during downturns.
Term loan
A term loan is a specific amount provided by banks and financial institutions that must be repaid over a set period of time, usually between 1 to 10 years. It is used to finance the purchase of fixed assets or provide working capital. Term loans carry a fixed interest rate and include provisions like periodic reporting requirements and restrictions on additional borrowing without permission. They are secured by assets purchased with the loan proceeds or other collateral and must be repaid through installments that reduce either the interest or principal over time.
Ppt of term loan
The document describes various types of term loans and lease financing. It discusses term loans, provisions of loan agreements, sources and types of equipment financing, and different types of lease financing including operating leases and financial leases. It also provides an example comparing the present value of cash outflows for a company deciding between leasing or purchasing a new machine.
THE CLASSIFICATION OF DEBT INSTRUMENTS IN INDIA
Debt Instruments are obligation of issuer of such instrument as regards certain future cash flow representing Interest & Principal, which the issuer would pay to the legal owner of the Instrument. Types of Debt Instruments are of different types like Bonds, Debentures, Commercial Papers, Certificates of Deposit, Government Securities (G - Secs) etc. The Government Securities (G-Secs) market is the oldest and the largest element of the Indian debt market in terms of market capitalization, trading volumes and outstanding securities. The G-Secs market plays a very important role in the Indian economy as it provides the benchmark for determining the level of interest rates in the country through the yields on the government securities which are treated as the risk-free rate of return in any economy.
The reserve Bank of India has allowed Primary Dealers, Banks and Financial Institutions in India to do transactions in debt instruments among themselves or with non-bank clients. Debt instruments provide fixed return known as coupon rate. Retail investors would have a natural preference for fixed income returns and especially so in the present situation of increasing volatility in the financial markets. Now, retail investors are also showing keen interest in Debt Instruments particularly in the Central Government Securities (G-secs).For an individual investor G-secs are one of the best investment options as there is zero default risk and lower volatility.
Recommended
Debuntures and term loans
This document discusses debentures and term loans as methods for companies to raise finance. It defines debentures as a type of loan issued by companies that pays a fixed rate of interest but does not give the holder ownership in the company. Term loans are defined as loans that must be repaid in regular installments over a set period of time at a specified interest rate. The document outlines the key features, types, advantages and disadvantages of both debentures and term loans as financing options for companies.
Principles of lending and Types of Financing
This document discusses principles of lending in banking. It provides details about group members working on the project, principles of lending including safety, liquidity, security and remuneration. It describes factors considered for lending including character, capacity, capital, conditions and cash flow. It also discusses types of fund based and non-fund based finances and their features. Key characteristics of individual and corporate borrowers are outlined.
Sources of finance part 2
Short-term finance usually refers to additional money needed by a business for periods under one year. Main sources include trade credit, bridge financing from banks, commercial bank loans, commercial paper, and inter-corporate deposits. Venture capital finances new, risky ventures through equity, conditional loans, income notes, or participating debentures. Leasing and hire purchase provide equipment financing by periodic rental payments, with ownership transferring after full payment in hire purchase. Government programs subsidize industries in backward areas and defer or exempt sales taxes to attract businesses.
Intermediate term financing
Intermediate term financing refers to loans between 1 to 10 years. It is provided by private banks, finance companies, and insurance companies. Term loans must be repaid in regular installments over a set period of time and have various repayment structures like straight repayment, balloon payment, or deferred principal payment. Borrowers are subject to covenants restricting dividends, debt levels, and asset sales during the loan term.
sources of short term finance.
- The document discusses sources of short-term finance for businesses. It identifies key sources as trade credit, bank loans/overdrafts, customers' advances, installment plans, and cooperative bank loans.
- Trade credit involves suppliers providing goods on 30-90 day payment terms. Bank financing includes loans, cash credits, overdrafts and bill discounting. Customers' advances and installment plans provide pre-payments from customers. Cooperative banks also offer short-term business loans.
- Short-term financing has benefits like low cost, flexibility and meeting long-term needs but has drawbacks like fixed interest costs, placing charges on assets, and difficulty raising funds during downturns.
Term loan
A term loan is a specific amount provided by banks and financial institutions that must be repaid over a set period of time, usually between 1 to 10 years. It is used to finance the purchase of fixed assets or provide working capital. Term loans carry a fixed interest rate and include provisions like periodic reporting requirements and restrictions on additional borrowing without permission. They are secured by assets purchased with the loan proceeds or other collateral and must be repaid through installments that reduce either the interest or principal over time.
Ppt of term loan
The document describes various types of term loans and lease financing. It discusses term loans, provisions of loan agreements, sources and types of equipment financing, and different types of lease financing including operating leases and financial leases. It also provides an example comparing the present value of cash outflows for a company deciding between leasing or purchasing a new machine.
THE CLASSIFICATION OF DEBT INSTRUMENTS IN INDIA
Debt Instruments are obligation of issuer of such instrument as regards certain future cash flow representing Interest & Principal, which the issuer would pay to the legal owner of the Instrument. Types of Debt Instruments are of different types like Bonds, Debentures, Commercial Papers, Certificates of Deposit, Government Securities (G - Secs) etc. The Government Securities (G-Secs) market is the oldest and the largest element of the Indian debt market in terms of market capitalization, trading volumes and outstanding securities. The G-Secs market plays a very important role in the Indian economy as it provides the benchmark for determining the level of interest rates in the country through the yields on the government securities which are treated as the risk-free rate of return in any economy.
The reserve Bank of India has allowed Primary Dealers, Banks and Financial Institutions in India to do transactions in debt instruments among themselves or with non-bank clients. Debt instruments provide fixed return known as coupon rate. Retail investors would have a natural preference for fixed income returns and especially so in the present situation of increasing volatility in the financial markets. Now, retail investors are also showing keen interest in Debt Instruments particularly in the Central Government Securities (G-secs).For an individual investor G-secs are one of the best investment options as there is zero default risk and lower volatility.
Forms of lending
The document discusses various forms of lending provided by banks. It describes cash finance/cash credit, overdrafts, loans, purchase and discounting of bills, and hire-purchase/leasing finance. Cash finance allows borrowing up to a limit as needed, while overdrafts provide temporary adjustments. Loans involve lump sums paid for a period at interest. Purchase and discounting of bills advances money by deducting discount from bill values. Hire-purchase/leasing finance allows purchasing goods through installments. The principles of lending like safety, liquidity, security and diversification of risk are also outlined.
Loans and discount function (Book: Money, Credit and Banking by Cristobal M P...
Banks provide various types of loans to customers. Short-term loans are usually provided against a customer's general credit standing or with collateral and are often for working capital needs. Medium and long-term loans typically require collateral. The Federal Reserve aims to stimulate the economy through lowering interest rates, buying mortgage and other assets, and committing to maintain low rates for a prolonged period. Quantitative easing can still impact the economy when rates are near zero through portfolio substitutions, altered policy expectations, and expansionary fiscal policy.
Intermediate term financing
Prior to 1990, most developing firms obtained term loans from banks and insurance companies, but there was a "flight to quality" in 1990 where insurance companies and banks reduced lending. Today, insurance companies and banks have much smaller portions of their portfolios in below-investment-grade loans. While banks prefer short-term assets and liabilities, insurance companies match long-term assets with long-term loans. When negotiating loans, borrowers should consider their earnings history, asset types, and liquidation value to strengthen their bargaining position, while also allowing management flexibility to avoid default.
Long Term Financing
Mr. X owns a textile company worth 100cr that wants to expand. He needs 25cr but cannot afford the high interest rates from banks. He considers selling 25% ownership as shares on the stock market to raise funds without high interest. Long-term financing provides money for over 10 years and is used for expansions, fixed assets, and large construction projects. Businesses can raise long-term funds internally through retained profits or externally through loans, bonds, or issuing shares.
Sources of funds
This document discusses the major sources of funds for businesses, including internal and external sources. Internally, businesses can raise funds from retained profits, depreciation, and selling assets. Externally, common long-term sources are share capital in the form of ordinary, preference, or deferred shares, as well as loan capital from debentures, mortgages, venture capitalists, or government assistance. Short-term external sources include bank overdrafts, loans, leasing, credit cards, and trade credit. The choice of funds depends on factors like cost, availability, and financial risk.
Asset backed financing
Asset backed securities derive their cash flows from pools of underlying financial assets like credit card receivables, auto loans, and mortgages. These assets are packaged and sold as bonds or notes to investors. ABS allow for the risks of the individual assets to be diversified among many investors. There are several types of ABS that differ based on the type of underlying asset, such as mortgage-backed securities for mortgages or certificates for automobile receivables for auto loans. The structure of ABS can be fully amortizing, controlled amortization, or use a bullet repayment structure to repay principal.
Loan advance,lending
The document discusses principles of good lending such as safety, purpose of advance, borrower character, security, and liquidity. It also covers analyzing financial statements to evaluate creditworthiness, term lending for fixed assets that is repaid in installments, and appraising term loans based on technical, economic, and financial feasibility. Additionally, it mentions styles of lending like cash credit, overdrafts, and loans as well as modes of creating a charge like lien, pledge, and mortgage.
Types of debt instruments
Bonds are loans issued by entities like governments and corporations to investors. There are several types of bonds:
Regular bonds have a fixed coupon and maturity date with no call or put options. Callable bonds allow the issuer to redeem the bond before maturity if interest rates decline. Puttable bonds give the investor the right to sell the bond back to the issuer before maturity if rates rise. Convertible bonds can be converted into equity in the borrowing firm. Perpetual bonds have no maturity date but may have a call option, while tier-2 bonds under Basel III standards have fixed coupons and maturity but a call option.
Sources of funds
Short term funds such as working capital loans less than one year are used to finance business operations like accounts receivable and inventory. Long term funds from sources like bank loans and equity investments are generally used for start-up costs, capital expenditures, and business expansion. The loan application process involves applicants providing personal and financial details which are assessed by credit officers and committees to evaluate creditworthiness and ability to repay before a loan is approved or denied.
Long Term Debt Instrument
Long-term debt consists of loans and financial obligations lasting over one year. Long-term debt for a company would include any financing or leasing obligations that are to come due in a greater than 12-month period. Long-term debt also applies to governments
Principles of credit lending
Watch out full video on youtube-
https://youtu.be/zBUSzKnK9bw
Principles of Credit Lending
1. Safety
2. Liquidity
3.Spread
4. Security
5. Purpose
6. Profitability
7. Policy Validation
Thank You For Watching
Subscribe to DevTech Finance
Term loan and leasing
The document discusses term loans, provisions of loan agreements, equipment financing, and lease financing. It provides examples and explanations of different types of term loans, costs and benefits, provisions that are frequently included in loan agreements, sources and types of equipment financing, different types of leasing arrangements, and how to evaluate leases versus debt financing by calculating the present value of cash flows for each. It also includes an example comparing the present value of cash outflows for leasing versus purchasing a new machine.
Inter corporate deposits
Kingfisher Airlines owes Rs 260 crore to Airports Authority of India for airport infrastructure usage. KFA will pay through an inter-corporate deposit from UB Group. [ICDs are short-term loans between corporations, often at higher interest rates than banks due to risk. They lack collateral but help cash-strapped firms access funds.] Kingfisher will receive an ICD from UB Group to pay its debt to AAI. ICDs are an unsecured source of short-term funds for companies in need, bearing higher interest than bank loans. They are an alternative to bank loans, especially for less creditworthy companies. However, their reliance on corporate relationships limits their availability compared to formal bank financing.
Financing current asset
The document discusses short-term financing options for business. It defines short-term assets as those consumed or sold within one year. Common sources of short-term financing include working capital policies, accounts payable, commercial paper, and short-term bank loans. Financing strategies can be moderate by matching asset and liability maturities, aggressive by using short-term financing for long-term assets, or conservative by using permanent financing for permanent assets. Advantages of short-term financing are speed and flexibility while disadvantages include fluctuating interest costs and risk of default from temporary economic conditions.
short term financing
This document discusses sources of short-term finance for businesses. It outlines several common sources: trade credit, which allows suppliers to offer customers credit for purchases; bank credit like loans, cash credits, overdrafts, and bill discounting; customers' advances, where customers pre-pay for large or custom orders; instalment credit plans; and loans from cooperative banks. The purpose of short-term finance is to meet regular operating expenses like materials, wages, and utilities, and allow businesses to manage cash flows during production and sales cycles.
Sources of finance
There are three main sources of finance: 1) Security financing or external financing through ownership securities like equity shares and preference shares, and creditorship securities like debentures and bonds. 2) Internal financing through retained earnings and depreciation. 3) Loan financing, which includes short term loans from traders, banks, and commercial paper, as well as medium and long term loans from specialized financial institutions.
Microloan PowerPoint Presentation
The document summarizes a microloan workshop presented by eDev, a nonprofit organization that provides classes, assistance and access to capital for small businesses and economic development. eDev was designated as an SBA microloan lender and initially has $150,000 to offer in loans ranging from $500 to $35,000. To qualify for a loan, applicants must demonstrate good character, repayment capacity, sufficient capital, collateral and ability to withstand economic conditions based on the Five C's of credit. Strong applications include service-based businesses and equipment purchases while restaurants, hobbies and requests to pay back taxes or wages are less likely to succeed. Interest rates start at 4.9% and applicants must submit documentation like business plans,
Credit facilities and support services
A credit facility is a formal financial assistance program offered by lending institutions to companies that need operating capital. It can include short-term revolving credit like lines of credit or longer-term credit like term loans. Facilities provide various types of funding options like overdraft services, deferred payment plans, revolving credit, and letters of credit. Essentially, a credit facility is another name for a loan taken out by a company to finance business operations.
Consortium banking
1) Consortium banking involves multiple banks and financial institutions jointly financing a single borrower, with common documentation and risk sharing.
2) The total loan is divided among the participating banks, with the bank providing the largest share acting as the lead bank coordinating with the borrower.
3) While consortiums allow for risk sharing, they also introduce new risks that must be defined and allocated between the parties through contracts.
What is a Short Term Loan?
When you're looking for immediate financial aid with a bad credit history you could consider short term loans. A short term loan give a year or less for the borrower to pay back the loan successfully. These loans provide immediate financial aid with minimum paperwork to meet the borrower’s needs. Let’s discuss the benefits of short term loans.
Credit appraisal in banking sbi
The document discusses credit appraisal in the banking sector. Credit appraisal is the process used by banks to evaluate a loan applicant's creditworthiness before providing a loan. It involves investigating the applicant's financial condition, repayment capacity, collateral, and other factors. Banks consider the 3Cs - character, capacity, and collateral. The credit appraisal process at State Bank of India involves preliminary assessment, documentation, sanctioning/approval, disbursement, and post-sanction monitoring. SBI has quantitative and qualitative standards for credit appraisal and uses a rating scale to assess risk levels of borrowers.
Credit Appraisal System for SME
This document discusses credit appraisal systems for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in India. It outlines the banking industry landscape and classifications. The research methodology involves analyzing case studies of loan applications using various financial tools and ratios to evaluate capital budgeting, risk, and overall financial position. The findings show the case studies were positively assessed based on financials. Suggestions include improving rating mechanisms, personnel skills, and customizing products while revising credit policies periodically. The conclusion is credit appraisal considers multiple factors beyond just financials, including business viability, industry, management quality and loan conduct.
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Forms of lending
The document discusses various forms of lending provided by banks. It describes cash finance/cash credit, overdrafts, loans, purchase and discounting of bills, and hire-purchase/leasing finance. Cash finance allows borrowing up to a limit as needed, while overdrafts provide temporary adjustments. Loans involve lump sums paid for a period at interest. Purchase and discounting of bills advances money by deducting discount from bill values. Hire-purchase/leasing finance allows purchasing goods through installments. The principles of lending like safety, liquidity, security and diversification of risk are also outlined.
Loans and discount function (Book: Money, Credit and Banking by Cristobal M P...
Banks provide various types of loans to customers. Short-term loans are usually provided against a customer's general credit standing or with collateral and are often for working capital needs. Medium and long-term loans typically require collateral. The Federal Reserve aims to stimulate the economy through lowering interest rates, buying mortgage and other assets, and committing to maintain low rates for a prolonged period. Quantitative easing can still impact the economy when rates are near zero through portfolio substitutions, altered policy expectations, and expansionary fiscal policy.
Intermediate term financing
Prior to 1990, most developing firms obtained term loans from banks and insurance companies, but there was a "flight to quality" in 1990 where insurance companies and banks reduced lending. Today, insurance companies and banks have much smaller portions of their portfolios in below-investment-grade loans. While banks prefer short-term assets and liabilities, insurance companies match long-term assets with long-term loans. When negotiating loans, borrowers should consider their earnings history, asset types, and liquidation value to strengthen their bargaining position, while also allowing management flexibility to avoid default.
Long Term Financing
Mr. X owns a textile company worth 100cr that wants to expand. He needs 25cr but cannot afford the high interest rates from banks. He considers selling 25% ownership as shares on the stock market to raise funds without high interest. Long-term financing provides money for over 10 years and is used for expansions, fixed assets, and large construction projects. Businesses can raise long-term funds internally through retained profits or externally through loans, bonds, or issuing shares.
Sources of funds
This document discusses the major sources of funds for businesses, including internal and external sources. Internally, businesses can raise funds from retained profits, depreciation, and selling assets. Externally, common long-term sources are share capital in the form of ordinary, preference, or deferred shares, as well as loan capital from debentures, mortgages, venture capitalists, or government assistance. Short-term external sources include bank overdrafts, loans, leasing, credit cards, and trade credit. The choice of funds depends on factors like cost, availability, and financial risk.
Asset backed financing
Asset backed securities derive their cash flows from pools of underlying financial assets like credit card receivables, auto loans, and mortgages. These assets are packaged and sold as bonds or notes to investors. ABS allow for the risks of the individual assets to be diversified among many investors. There are several types of ABS that differ based on the type of underlying asset, such as mortgage-backed securities for mortgages or certificates for automobile receivables for auto loans. The structure of ABS can be fully amortizing, controlled amortization, or use a bullet repayment structure to repay principal.
Loan advance,lending
The document discusses principles of good lending such as safety, purpose of advance, borrower character, security, and liquidity. It also covers analyzing financial statements to evaluate creditworthiness, term lending for fixed assets that is repaid in installments, and appraising term loans based on technical, economic, and financial feasibility. Additionally, it mentions styles of lending like cash credit, overdrafts, and loans as well as modes of creating a charge like lien, pledge, and mortgage.
Types of debt instruments
Bonds are loans issued by entities like governments and corporations to investors. There are several types of bonds:
Regular bonds have a fixed coupon and maturity date with no call or put options. Callable bonds allow the issuer to redeem the bond before maturity if interest rates decline. Puttable bonds give the investor the right to sell the bond back to the issuer before maturity if rates rise. Convertible bonds can be converted into equity in the borrowing firm. Perpetual bonds have no maturity date but may have a call option, while tier-2 bonds under Basel III standards have fixed coupons and maturity but a call option.
Sources of funds
Short term funds such as working capital loans less than one year are used to finance business operations like accounts receivable and inventory. Long term funds from sources like bank loans and equity investments are generally used for start-up costs, capital expenditures, and business expansion. The loan application process involves applicants providing personal and financial details which are assessed by credit officers and committees to evaluate creditworthiness and ability to repay before a loan is approved or denied.
Long Term Debt Instrument
Long-term debt consists of loans and financial obligations lasting over one year. Long-term debt for a company would include any financing or leasing obligations that are to come due in a greater than 12-month period. Long-term debt also applies to governments
Principles of credit lending
Watch out full video on youtube-
https://youtu.be/zBUSzKnK9bw
Principles of Credit Lending
1. Safety
2. Liquidity
3.Spread
4. Security
5. Purpose
6. Profitability
7. Policy Validation
Thank You For Watching
Subscribe to DevTech Finance
Term loan and leasing
The document discusses term loans, provisions of loan agreements, equipment financing, and lease financing. It provides examples and explanations of different types of term loans, costs and benefits, provisions that are frequently included in loan agreements, sources and types of equipment financing, different types of leasing arrangements, and how to evaluate leases versus debt financing by calculating the present value of cash flows for each. It also includes an example comparing the present value of cash outflows for leasing versus purchasing a new machine.
Inter corporate deposits
Kingfisher Airlines owes Rs 260 crore to Airports Authority of India for airport infrastructure usage. KFA will pay through an inter-corporate deposit from UB Group. [ICDs are short-term loans between corporations, often at higher interest rates than banks due to risk. They lack collateral but help cash-strapped firms access funds.] Kingfisher will receive an ICD from UB Group to pay its debt to AAI. ICDs are an unsecured source of short-term funds for companies in need, bearing higher interest than bank loans. They are an alternative to bank loans, especially for less creditworthy companies. However, their reliance on corporate relationships limits their availability compared to formal bank financing.
Financing current asset
The document discusses short-term financing options for business. It defines short-term assets as those consumed or sold within one year. Common sources of short-term financing include working capital policies, accounts payable, commercial paper, and short-term bank loans. Financing strategies can be moderate by matching asset and liability maturities, aggressive by using short-term financing for long-term assets, or conservative by using permanent financing for permanent assets. Advantages of short-term financing are speed and flexibility while disadvantages include fluctuating interest costs and risk of default from temporary economic conditions.
short term financing
This document discusses sources of short-term finance for businesses. It outlines several common sources: trade credit, which allows suppliers to offer customers credit for purchases; bank credit like loans, cash credits, overdrafts, and bill discounting; customers' advances, where customers pre-pay for large or custom orders; instalment credit plans; and loans from cooperative banks. The purpose of short-term finance is to meet regular operating expenses like materials, wages, and utilities, and allow businesses to manage cash flows during production and sales cycles.
Sources of finance
There are three main sources of finance: 1) Security financing or external financing through ownership securities like equity shares and preference shares, and creditorship securities like debentures and bonds. 2) Internal financing through retained earnings and depreciation. 3) Loan financing, which includes short term loans from traders, banks, and commercial paper, as well as medium and long term loans from specialized financial institutions.
Microloan PowerPoint Presentation
The document summarizes a microloan workshop presented by eDev, a nonprofit organization that provides classes, assistance and access to capital for small businesses and economic development. eDev was designated as an SBA microloan lender and initially has $150,000 to offer in loans ranging from $500 to $35,000. To qualify for a loan, applicants must demonstrate good character, repayment capacity, sufficient capital, collateral and ability to withstand economic conditions based on the Five C's of credit. Strong applications include service-based businesses and equipment purchases while restaurants, hobbies and requests to pay back taxes or wages are less likely to succeed. Interest rates start at 4.9% and applicants must submit documentation like business plans,
Credit facilities and support services
A credit facility is a formal financial assistance program offered by lending institutions to companies that need operating capital. It can include short-term revolving credit like lines of credit or longer-term credit like term loans. Facilities provide various types of funding options like overdraft services, deferred payment plans, revolving credit, and letters of credit. Essentially, a credit facility is another name for a loan taken out by a company to finance business operations.
Consortium banking
1) Consortium banking involves multiple banks and financial institutions jointly financing a single borrower, with common documentation and risk sharing.
2) The total loan is divided among the participating banks, with the bank providing the largest share acting as the lead bank coordinating with the borrower.
3) While consortiums allow for risk sharing, they also introduce new risks that must be defined and allocated between the parties through contracts.
What is a Short Term Loan?
When you're looking for immediate financial aid with a bad credit history you could consider short term loans. A short term loan give a year or less for the borrower to pay back the loan successfully. These loans provide immediate financial aid with minimum paperwork to meet the borrower’s needs. Let’s discuss the benefits of short term loans.
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Loans and discount function (Book: Money, Credit and Banking by Cristobal M P...
Loans and discount function (Book: Money, Credit and Banking by Cristobal M P...
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Credit appraisal in banking sbi
The document discusses credit appraisal in the banking sector. Credit appraisal is the process used by banks to evaluate a loan applicant's creditworthiness before providing a loan. It involves investigating the applicant's financial condition, repayment capacity, collateral, and other factors. Banks consider the 3Cs - character, capacity, and collateral. The credit appraisal process at State Bank of India involves preliminary assessment, documentation, sanctioning/approval, disbursement, and post-sanction monitoring. SBI has quantitative and qualitative standards for credit appraisal and uses a rating scale to assess risk levels of borrowers.
Credit Appraisal System for SME
This document discusses credit appraisal systems for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in India. It outlines the banking industry landscape and classifications. The research methodology involves analyzing case studies of loan applications using various financial tools and ratios to evaluate capital budgeting, risk, and overall financial position. The findings show the case studies were positively assessed based on financials. Suggestions include improving rating mechanisms, personnel skills, and customizing products while revising credit policies periodically. The conclusion is credit appraisal considers multiple factors beyond just financials, including business viability, industry, management quality and loan conduct.
Credit appraisal for term loan and working capital financing with special ref...
This document appears to be a student project report submitted for a post-graduate diploma program. It discusses credit appraisal for term loans and working capital financing, with a focus on consortium banking. The report includes an acknowledgements section, table of contents, and 14 main sections discussing topics like the banking industry, Punjab National Bank, types of lending, methodology, case studies, and recommendations. The case study analyzes a term loan provided to an energy company and discusses India's power sector scenario.
Term loan finance main ppt
The document discusses various types of term loans including long-term loans, intermediate term loans, and short-term loans. Long-term loans mature between 1-7 years and are used for major business expenses. Intermediate term loans mature in less than 5 years and are used to purchase equipment and vehicles. Short-term loans mature within 1 year and provide quick access to funds but have higher interest rates.
Sources of funds
Businesses require funds to start, operate ongoing activities, and expand. They have two main sources of funds: internal and external. Internal sources include profits, depreciation, and selling assets. External long-term sources are share capital like ordinary shares, preference shares, and deferred shares, as well as loan capital like debentures, bank loans, and mortgages. External short-term sources include bank loans, overdraft facilities, and leasing. The document provides details on different types of internal and external sources of funds for businesses.
Sources of finance
This document discusses various long-term sources of finance for businesses. It defines long-term finance as those needed for over a year, often for expansion projects. The sources discussed include equity shares, preference shares, debentures, term loans, securitization, leasing vs hire purchase, and other options like IPOs, government subsidies, supplier's credit, private placements, venture capital and bank loans. The key attributes and processes for each type are outlined.
Term Loan Appraisal
The document discusses the key factors a bank considers when appraising a term loan application from a new manufacturing unit. The bank evaluates the economic viability of the project, management capabilities, technical aspects, and cash flow projections. It examines the creditworthiness, repayment ability, management skills, willingness to repay, and risk factors. The bank ensures the project is economically justified and can survive implementation, gestation, and operational stages. It also reviews DSCR and free cash flow ratios to check the loan repayment capacity. The interest rate is set based on the degree of risk and probability of default.
Sources of finance
Standard Chartered Bank and Mahindra Finance use different sources of long-term and short-term finance. Standard Chartered Bank relies more on equity capital (58%) and internal accruals like reserves and surplus (24%). It uses less debentures (20%) and term loans (8%). In contrast, Mahindra Finance has lower equity capital (42%) but higher use of debentures (33%) and both long-term and short-term term loans (13%). While Standard Chartered Bank has less dependence on outside sources, Mahindra Finance relies more on external financing through debentures and loans.
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Project financing refers to financing large capital intensive projects with long timelines. Project financing in India relies on the project's assets and cash flows for security rather than the sponsors. It involves limited recourse to sponsors. Major sources of project financing in India include equity, preference shares, debentures, rupee and foreign currency term loans, government subsidies, deferred credit, and bank financing. Financing typically uses a mix of debt and equity tailored to each project's needs. Careful documentation is important for flexible project financing.
Credit management
Watch full video on YouTube -
https://youtu.be/f3VgVOgAUoE
Credit management is the process of granting credit , setting the term its granted on, recovering this credit when its due and ensuring compliance with company credit policy.
The difference in the rate of interest that a bank charges on the amount lent and the rate it pays to the depositors is technically called spread or interest rate spread.
This spread bank has to use to meet all its overheads and interest on deposit but also provide for NPA.
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Sources of Finance Functions and Investment Policies of NBFIs in India RBI Gu...
Sources of Finance
Functions and Investment Policies of NBFIs in India
RBI Guidelines on NBFCs
Products offered by different NBFCs in India
Features of these Financial Products
Int. Credit Management PPT.ppt
Whereas, Commercial Bank of Ethiopia (CBE) has changed its strategic direction to customer centricity with the aim of making saving and credit products more customer centric based on customer value propositions;
WHEREAS, it has become necessary to improve customer experience by digitizing retail and micro business segment through Micro saving and loan products;
WHEREAS, it is necessary to set eligibility requirements, terms and conditions of saving and credit products and services to the retail and micro business segment in view of risk involved and customer’s demand;
WHEREAS, retail and micro business segments are viable and growing segments to be leveraged by the bank through designed products and services that can satisfy the segment’s demand;
WHEREAS, Commercial bank of Ethiopia intends to diversify its credit portfolio mix in terms of tenure through expanding the short-term financing to be availed to retail and micro business segments;
WHEREAS, it is necessary to attract the underserved segment of the society and enhance financial inclusion with low-cost financial services availed through mobile money platform;
NOW, therefore, this procedure is issued to enable implementation of bank’s DMSL policy.
1.2. Short Title
This procedure may be cited as” Digital Micro Saving And Loan Procedure of the Commercial Bank of Ethiopia.”
1.3. Definition of terms
“Credit policy” means a general framework approved by the board that spells out and guides the bank’s credit/financing strategic directions and credit /financing decisions.
“Credit Scoring” means judging/evaluating the creditworthiness of a customer based on basic characteristics and past performance in credit and other relationships with Bank.
“Digital Micro Credit” means micro loans that are requested, received and repaid all through mobile phones (or any other appropriate tools) via interaction with a computer system.
“Digital MSL Policy” means a policy document that governs the management of digital micro saving and credit services.
“Fixed Account” means a saving account locked for a certain period, a minimum of three months, based on the preference of the customers to fulfil their designated plan.
“Lending officials” means any person involved in MSL business of customer acquisition, Credit Worthiness evaluation, Credit operation, Collection, monitoring and decision-making as well as write off and post write off follow up process.
“Loan Pricing” means setting the interest rate, fees, commission, and others to be charged by the Bank on loans, advances, and guarantees extended to customers.
“Retail and Micro Business Segment” means a category of customers having less investible asset, trading transaction and return from business.
“Micro loan” means a small amount of loan availed to micro businesses and individuals for the purpose of supporting businesses and consumption.
“Micro Saving” means a saving scheme designed for small deposits from micro businesses and low income individ
Ifm m2-3-debt markets
The document discusses various sources of debt financing for infrastructure projects, including both domestic and international markets. It covers different types of bank loans, long-term debt markets involving commercial banks, financial institutions, and public bonds. It also discusses international capital markets, bilateral and multilateral agencies, export credit financing, and supplier credits as sources of private financing for infrastructure projects. Key points covered include the terms, interest rates, and suitability of different debt instruments for financing the long gestation periods of infrastructure projects.
NBFC.pptx
This document provides an overview of various sources of finance for non-banking financial companies (NBFCs) in India. It discusses long-term and short-term sources of finance, as well as internal and external sources. Specific sources covered include issuing shares, debentures, bonds, loans, leasing, mortgage loans, retained earnings, trade credit, asset sales, debt collection, factoring, public deposits, commercial banks, and commercial paper. For each source, it provides details on what it is and highlights some merits and limitations.
Commercial Lending By Banks.pptx
This presentation is about commercial lending, how to get loans, criteria, types, briefly discussion on commercial lending by banks.
Sources of finance
To understand the basic Structure and Concept of Various sources of Finance in Indian Financial Market
Financial Management
This document provides class notes on Lecture 7 which covers interest rates, bond valuation, and stock valuation. The key topics discussed include:
- Types of bonds including treasury, corporate, and municipal bonds as well as their characteristics like par value, coupon rate, and maturity.
- How bond values change with interest rates, with bonds trading at a premium, discount, or par value depending on if rates are lower, higher, or equal to the coupon rate.
- Bond valuation which discounts future cash flows from coupons and principal.
- Common stock valuation using the dividend discount and constant growth models.
- Capital budgeting techniques like net present value for evaluating investment projects.
funding sources.pptx
There are several sources of finance for businesses, including equity shares, preference shares, debentures, loans from banks and financial institutions, and retained earnings. Equity shares are sold to raise capital for the business and preference shares offer a fixed dividend. Debentures are debt instruments that pay a fixed rate of interest. Banks provide short and long-term loans for working capital and other needs. Financial institutions also provide loans after reviewing a business's model and management abilities. Maintaining various sources of finance is important for business operations and growth.
Corporate Finance - Intro.pptx
This document outlines the course objectives, topics, pedagogy, textbooks, and structure of a Corporate Finance course. The primary aim of the course is to make students aware of the various functions of a finance manager related to long-term investment, financing, and dividend decisions. Key topics covered include cost of capital, working capital management, dividend policies, time value of money, and capital budgeting techniques. The course will be taught through lectures, assignments, quizzes, case studies, and will reference several finance textbooks.
FM Session 3 - 2022
The document provides an overview of various sources of capital for businesses, including personal savings, private investors, loans, lines of credit, and credit cards. It discusses the pros and cons of different funding options for startups, growth, equipment purchases, and real estate. The presenter emphasizes that small businesses may use credit but self-funding is usually best, and establishing relationships with resource partners is important.
UNIT-2 Sources of Finance.pdf
This document summarizes various types of fund requirements and sources of finance for businesses. It discusses long-term and short-term financial requirements, as well as sources such as shares, debentures, retained earnings, public deposits, bank loans, and trade credit. The key differences between equity shares, preference shares, shares and debentures are highlighted. Short-term financing options like commercial papers, public deposits and trade credit are also summarized. The document concludes with definitions of capitalization and types of capitalization such as over-capitalization.
financial management
This document discusses various aspects of capital budgeting and working capital management. It defines capital budgeting as the process of determining the viability of long-term investments and outlines techniques used such as payback period, net present value, internal rate of return. It also discusses sources of long-term and short-term financing, the operating cycle of working capital, and the significance of the cost of capital in investment evaluation and designing an optimal debt policy.
Add on Project.pptx
This document discusses different types of projects and how they can be financed. It provides examples of two companies - M/s UB Petroproducts Ltd and M/s Narmada Chematur Petrochemicals Ltd - that undertook projects and how they financed them. It also discusses basics of interest rates, how they are determined, and their implications for project financing. Key points covered include different sources of funding for add-on, ongoing and greenfield projects, debt to equity ratios for the example companies' projects, and components that determine interest rates charged by financial institutions.
Source of Finance
This document summarizes different sources of finance for businesses, including short term and long term financing options. It discusses various short term financing mechanisms like trade credit, lines of credit, and factoring. The document also covers various long term financing sources like equity, bonds, term loans, retained earnings, and venture capital. It provides details on primary and secondary stock markets. Finally, it compares key differences between working capital loans and term loans.
CHAPTER 14.pptx
This document discusses short-term financing for small businesses. It defines short-term finance as sources of funding for periods under one year, usually needed due to uneven cash flows. Common sources of short-term credit include trade credit extended by suppliers, loans from commercial banks, finance companies, and government agencies like the Small Business Administration. The costs, terms, and eligibility requirements for short-term loans from each of these sources are reviewed in detail.
Corporate Debt Restructuring In India
The document discusses restructuring the debts of Dhandapani Finance Limited (DFL), a non-banking financial company in India. DFL's financial position deteriorated due to external factors like the global recession affecting its business. Its debts were proposed for restructuring under the Corporate Debt Restructuring mechanism. The restructuring considered DFL's future outlook and viability. A cash flow statement projected repayment over five years at 15% interest, with assumptions about new customers, loan sizes, defaults, non-performing assets and provisions. The restructuring aimed to minimize losses for creditors and support DFL's continuing operations.
Investment decisions
This document discusses the three major financial decisions that financial managers must make: investment decisions, financing decisions, and dividend decisions. It provides details on the types of assets and projects considered under investment decisions. Financing decisions involve determining the appropriate capital structure and balancing the costs and risks of debt vs. equity. Dividend decisions relate to determining the optimal dividend payout policy that maximizes shareholder wealth. The document also outlines several factors that affect each type of financial decision.
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Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
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Financial Assets: Debit vs Equity Securities.pptx
financial assets represent claim for future benefit or cash. Financial assets are formed by establishing contracts between participants. These financial assets are used for collection of huge amounts of money for business purposes.
Two major Types: Debt Securities and Equity Securities.
Debt Securities are Also known as fixed-income securities or instruments. The type of assets is formed by establishing contracts between investor and issuer of the asset.
• The first type of Debit securities is BONDS. Bonds are issued by corporations and government (both local and national government).
• The second important type of Debit security is NOTES. Apart from similarities associated with notes and bonds, notes have shorter term maturity.
• The 3rd important type of Debit security is TRESURY BILLS. These securities have short-term ranging from three months, six months, and one year. Issuer of such securities are governments.
• Above discussed debit securities are mostly issued by governments and corporations. CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSITS CDs are issued by Banks and Financial Institutions. Risk factor associated with CDs gets reduced when issued by reputable institutions or Banks.
Following are the risk attached with debt securities: Credit risk, interest rate risk and currency risk
There are no fixed maturity dates in such securities, and asset’s value is determined by company’s performance. There are two major types of equity securities: common stock and preferred stock.
Common Stock: These are simple equity securities and bear no complexities which the preferred stock bears. Holders of such securities or instrument have the voting rights when it comes to select the company’s board of director or the business decisions to be made.
Preferred Stock: Preferred stocks are sometime referred to as hybrid securities, because it contains elements of both debit security and equity security. Preferred stock confers ownership rights to security holder that is why it is equity instrument
<a href="https://www.writofinance.com/equity-securities-features-types-risk/" >Equity securities </a> as a whole is used for capital funding for companies. Companies have multiple expenses to cover. Potential growth of company is required in competitive market. So, these securities are used for capital generation, and then uses it for company’s growth.
Concluding remarks
Both are employed in business. Businesses are often established through debit securities, then what is the need for equity securities. Companies have to cover multiple expenses and expansion of business. They can also use equity instruments for repayment of debits. So, there are multiple uses for securities. As an investor, you need tools for analysis. Investment decisions are made by carefully analyzing the market. For better analysis of the stock market, investors often employ financial analysis of companies.
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My study abroad in Bali, Indonesia, inspired this research topic as I noticed how globalization is changing the culture of its people. I learned their language and way of life which helped me understand the beauty and importance of cultural preservation. I believe we could all benefit from learning new perspectives as they could help us ideate solutions to contemporary issues and empathize with others.Who Is Abhay Bhutada, MD of Poonawalla Fincorp
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Term loan financing
- 1. TERM LOAN FINANCING Group Members: Harshit Parekh Priyankar Chakraborty Sangita Karar
- 2. AGENDA Modes of Financing Purpose of Term Loans Types and Features of Term Loans Procedures Associated with Term Loans Pros and Cons of Term Loans Appraisal of Project Repayment Schedule Syndicated Loans
- 3. Reinvestment of Profits Loans from CBs/ FIs Public Deposits Risk Capital Issue of Shares Issue of Debentures MODES OF FINANCING
- 4. PURPOSE OF TERM LOANS Capital Expenditure New Industrial Undertaking Expansion of Existing One Acquisition of Movable Assets
- 5. DIFFERENT TYPES OF TERM LOANS Long Term Loans Intermediate Term Loans Short Term Loans
- 6. FEATURES OF TERM LOANS • Currency- Financial Institutions provide both rupee as well as foreign currency term loans • Security- Term loans typically represent secured borrowing • Interest Payment and Principal Repayment- These are definite obligations that are payable irrespective of the financial situation of the firm • Restrictive Covenants- In order to protect their interests, FIs impose restrictive conditions on the borrowers
- 7. PROCEDURES ASSOCIATED WITH TERM LOANS Submission of Loan Application Initial Processing of Loan Application Appraisal of the Proposed Project Issue of Letter of Sanction Acceptance of T&Cs Execution of Loan Agreement Creation of Security Disbursement of Loans Monitoring
- 8. • Flexibility – Term loans are more flexible as it better accommodates changes to a person’s budget due to unexpected life or business changes • Interest – Term loans usually have a fixed interest rate, but it varies from bank to bank • Penalty Agreements • Predictability • Assumption of Assets – Term loans is used to get the capital needed, to generate additional funds that will pay off the loan Pros and Cons of Term Loans
- 10. TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY • It should attempt to determine whether technical requirements of the project can be met or not • It should cover whether the projected product mix can be manufactured or not • The involvement of the appraisers would depend on the technology used
- 11. • It is an assessment of the projection of the firm’s sales • It has a bearing on the earning capacity of the project • A bank prefers loans where there is a large gap between the supply and the current demand • The prime attention is that the project survives the three stages of business ECONOMIC VIABILITY
- 12. • It involves financial evaluation • It involves judging financial soundness • Sensitivity Analysis • SWOT Analysis FINANCIAL VIABILITY
- 13. • Proposed organisation set-up • Experience of the promoters • Details of the key personnel to be associated with the project • Existing/Proposed BOD MANEGERIAL COMPETENCE
- 14. REPAYMENT SCHEDULE • Term loans by FIs are generally repayable in equal semi-annual, quarterly or annual installments • The interest burden may decline over time but the principal repayment may remain the same • The DSCR is the determining factor in fixing the repayment period and quantum of periodical installments
- 15. REPAYMENT SCHEDULE The firm negotiates a Rs. 3 crore loan at 14% for eight years Year Loan at the beginning Principal Repayment Interest Loan at the end of the year of the year 1 30,000 3,750 4,200 26,250 2 26,250 3,750 3,675 22,500 3 22,500 3,750 3,150 18,750 4 18,750 3,750 2,625 15,000 5 15,000 3,750 2,100 11,250 6 11,250 3,750 1,575 7,500 7 7,500 3,750 1,050 3,750 8 3,750 3,750 525 -
- 16. SYNDICATED LOANS Lead bank/Manager Bank CBank BBank A Borrower Under writer
- 17. THANK YOU