The document discusses different types of paragraphs used in writing. It identifies 18 types of paragraphs including argumentative, conceptual, chronological, enumeration, description, explanatory, presentation, persuasive, introductory, expository, problem-solution, sequence, transition, opening, narrative, descriptive, comparative, and cause-effect paragraphs. It also distinguishes between functional paragraphs that guide exposure of thought and informational paragraphs that support and develop the content of a text.

1. Teoría Discursiva
Presented by:
Estefanía Valderrama
Laura Alejandra Cardona

2. PARAGRAPHS
The paragraph is a written speech unit consisting of
several sentences expressing an idea and end with a
full stop. The sentences that comprise it usually
share the same subject and one of them is that which
expresses the main idea.

3. There are different types of paragraphs, some of them are:
 Argumentative: Contains an idea which seeks to convince the
receiver about something that refuses or affirmed.
 Conceptual or Definition: In these paragraphs the thought of an
author or definition of a term, which will be used throughout the
entire text, so it is essential to understanding. These paragraphs
are present in scientific and technical texts.
 Chronological: This kind of paragraph is expressed in the order
that these happened, a series of events.
 Enumeration: This paragraph is composed for a serie of features
that refer to the same event, object or subject phrase and an
organizer for understanding what is being ordered.
 Description: In this paragraph is described in a logical criterion,
an object, person or event.

4. Explanatory: These paragraphs are useful to expand or specify the
subject being treated. The purpose of an explanatory paragraph is not
just giving information, but explain a subject thoroughly. This is
commonly done in a way that teaches readers about it or inform them
on how to do something. For example, recipes and travel guides used
explanatory paragraphs to explain step by step what to do to
accomplish the task. The purpose is to give the reader answers with
references or real or valid livelihoods. With clear and precise
explanation for that the reader can develop that he interests with all
the security he will do fine.
 Presentation: In these paragraphs is presented in an orderly
manner certain information.

5.  Persuasive: The writer tries to Convince the reader of something.
An argument or review is presented on a topic Usually Within the
first sentence and then to offer an explanation of why the reader
Should agree. This argument is supported by the facts and
persuasive strategies and often involves appeal to the emotions of
the reader. It is usual to find this type of paragraphs in content
medical, consumer advertising, etc.
 Introductories: In these paragraphs, it is common to find in a few
lines a brief overview of what it will treat the general content of a
book, magazine or story. Its function is to enable that the reader
can to identify content, as it can be informative, entertaining or
educational. It will allowing to confirm that is you are looking for,
or meet great ranges determined development work.

6.  Expository: Is one in which any information is presented in an
organized manner.
 Approach and Solve a Problem: Structured in two parts:
 First, the problem arises explicitly, second solution is exposed, in
the same way as the problem.
 Sequence or Process: In this type of paragraphs a series of
events or a process are described in some order.
 Transition: Serves to change the subject, is the bridge for the
continuation of the text or to move from one part to another. Use
expressions such as accordingly, therefore, however, despite the
above, while, finally, then, etc.

7.  Opening: The text you enter. Their role is crucial, since in it the
author presents the problem posed by the thesis draws the reader's
interest, etc.. Sometimes it is desirable to leave this paragraph to
write it at the end.
 Type: - Synthesis: It summarizes the thesis topic or text. Often the
title is developed.
 - Phrase or Interrogative Sentences: This statement raises the
issue that will develop the subsequent text. There may be more than
a questioning, then the sentence following the first are used to
illustrate different aspects of the problem that arises.
- Anecdote: The introduction includes a story, a story whose role is to
engage and involve the reader, used to put a background on the
subject.
- Quote: You may use quotes, as long as they relate to the subject
matter hereof.

8.  Narrative: Content is brief the narrator describes the start,
development and the end of the content. It is one of the most
attractive ways that the author uses to capture the reader's
attention. The events or actions are in an orderly manner and
the author uses informal language.
 Descriptive:. A descriptive paragraph consists of sentences
strung together to present a detailed picture of a single person,
place, thing, event or idea. Often the writer describes the reader
exactly what was going to see, hear, smell or relish.
Personification and simile show an accurate and often literal box
to the reader.
 Comparative: Similarities and differences between two or more
objects, events, or any phenomenon are presented in this
paragraph.
 Cause-Effect: As the name suggests, a fact is presented and
the cause or the consequences .

9.  Deductive: Here the main idea is placed at the beginning to build
part of a generalization to present specific cases.
 Inductive: In these paragraphs the main idea is placed at the end.
These are part of specific cases to reach a generalization that
concludes what is said. It starts with sentences expressing
secondary ideas to reach a generalization, or thematic idea as a
conclusion of what has been said.
 Conclusion: These paragraphs express the closure of a section or
a particular topic. The author explains or summarizes the topic or
the explication of the text.

10.  Closure: In these paragraphs the general idea of the text is
rounded. Presents a summary of the general meaning of the text,
giving full meaning and intended to make a good memory in the
reader. Sometimes it can offer conclusions about the subject
matter, offer suggestions or motivate the reader to join the ideas
defended by the author. Presents same typology that the opening
paragraph, in this case to recover essentially the summary of
the text.
According with the function in the superstructure of the text, we can
distinguish two kinds of paragraphs:
Functional paragraphs: Paragraphs are short extension to help
guide the exposure of thought, a few paragraphs relating with others
to contribute to the unity, cohesion and consistency. These
paragraphs haven't a topic sentence that expresses a central idea.
They can be of three kinds:
Introductory Paragraphs: As its name implies, its function is to
introduce the topic.

11. Paragraphs of liaison or Transition: Link information from a paragraph
to another. They can be considered as major connectors that contribute
with unit cohesion and the consistency of the text.

Paragraph informative: Are those that support and develop the
content of the text. They are characterized by a topic sentence that
expresses the central idea. There are two kinds of informational
paragraphs: Normal and Exceptional
 Paragraph normal has a structure common that shows one main
proposition that is supported by several secondary propositions.
 Exceptional paragraph shows often the following variations:
-Paragraphs with one main clause, but without secondary
propositions. They usually consist of a single topic sentence and are
used for definitions, explanations incidental and enumerations.
-Paragraphs with two main propositions and their respective
secondary propositions.