The document discusses musical tempos, which indicate the speed or pace of a piece of music. It explains that tempo is specified using Italian words and is found above or below the musical staff. Common tempo terms are defined, such as largo (very slow), adagio (slow), andante (walking pace), moderato (moderate), allegro (fast), and presto (very fast). Examples are given of tempos for different genres of music. In addition, the document notes that tempo is specified numerically in beats per minute and can be set using a metronome.