This PPT is about the 2BHK Housing scheme in the state of Telangana, India.

1. Urban Housing
Telangana state 2 BHK Housing scheme
By:-
Rahul Bansode- M2019UPG009
Akhil Ravella- M2019UPG010

2. Introduction
UN special rapporteur on adequate housing defined the human right to adequate
housing as “The right of every woman, man, youth and child to gain and sustain a
safe and secure home and community in which to live in peace and dignity.”
Right to adequate housing as a human right to all : especially the most marginalized
constituencies.

3. Understanding Urban Housing and Living
Conditions: India
Inadequacy of Urban Housing
India has the world’s largest number of people,632 million, living in
multidimensional poverty.
Census report 2011: 31% of population of India living in urban areas
(approximately 380 million), this number is projected to increase to about
600 million by 2030.
Urban housing shortage at the end of 2012 was 18.78 million houses; 95% of
this comprising of EWS and LIG.
A 2015 study projected that the urban housing shortage is expected to
grow at a compound annual growth rate of 6.6% for 10 years and will
increase to 34 million units by 2022.
Housing shortage as a consequence of unrestrained commercial
development of housing for urban elite.

4. Almost two-thirds of statutory towns in India have ‘slums’ with a total of 13.75 million
households living in them.
Census data 2011 reveals that 36% of households living in informal settlements lack
basic facilities of electricity, tap water and sanitation.
Low income residents: no security of tenure over land and housing. Diversion of EWS
land for profitable projects.
Legislative tools are used to condemn urban poor as ‘illegal’ and ‘encroachers’.

5. Homelessness
One of the worst violations of right to adequate housing, especially women.
According to census 2011, more than 1.7 million homeless persons out of
which 9,38,384 are from urban areas
Supreme court of India ordered, one homeless shelter to be constructed for
1 lakh population.
NULM-SUH
Government shelters: insufficient, inadequate, uninhabitatble, poorly
located, devoid of basic services.
Congestion and overcrowding leads to adverse health impacts.
Homeless women suffer the most.
Criminalization of homeless, under anti-vagrancy laws such as Bombay
Prevention of Begging Act 1959.

6. Forced Evictions
Forced evictions are rampant across India.
Government in collusion with private forces.
Under the garb of ‘urban renewal’, city ‘beautification’ and ‘slum free city’
schemes.
Rhetoric of ‘encroachment’ and ‘resettlement’ used to move the LIG to
margins of cities and gentrify.
Vacated land used for profitable enterprises.
Over 200,000 people from 19 sites were evicted for 2010 commonwealth
games in Delhi.
Affected families lose their housing, personal possessions, hard earned savings,
vital documents and invaluable assets.
The failure to provide compensation for loss of housing and possessions resulted
in growing indebtness.

7. The Failure of Resettlement
State does not provide rehabilitation to affected families on grounds that they
are encroachers, squatters, illegal or ineligible.
Cut-off date to qualify for resettlement benefits.
To furbish a list of requisite documents in order to reconsider eligible for
resettlement.
Unable to fulfill the requirements because of regular renewal and loss of vital
documents during eviction.
Families eligible for resettlement are provided with housing in undeveloped
colonies, generally at city peripheries and at a great distance.
In Gujarat, over 15,000 families displaced from various projects including
Sabarmati Riverfront development and road widening projects have been
inadequately resettled.
Women and children worst sufferers. Forced evictions and resettlements gave
rise to early marriages of adults and girls of displaced families.
Fear of violence prevents women from attending school and young women for
going to work, psychological trauma.

8. Property speculation and diversion of Land
Economic growth paradigm in India; paradoxical situation in shortage and
surplus of housing.
Census 2011, reports 11.09 million vacant houses in Urban areas, mostly houses
purchased for speculative purposes contributing to an increase in housing
prices.
Creating a situation of artificial scarcity.
Illegal changes in land use and violation of master plan results to diversion of
land allocated to EWS and LIG housing.

9. ULB details of Telangana state
Total number of ULBs (Including GHMC and WMC) : 69
Total Households : 30,16,096
Total Population : 1,25,78,290
Number of slums (Notified & Non-Notified) : 2714
Total slum population : 48,58,482
No. of Household in slums based on avg family size : 9,71,696 (24% of total
households)

10. No. of families living in Pucca houses in Slums : 3,49,849
Houses constructed under previous programs (Under JNNURM, RGK, VAMBAY and
Urban Schemes) : 2,90,000
No. of families not having houses as per 2011 census : 3,31,847
Theoretical requirement of houses at the end of 2015 : 4,27,733
No. of slum families living in Kacha & Semi-Pucca Houses as per Samagra Kutumba
Survey requirement in slums (2014-15) : 4,66,147
Requirement in other than Slum areas : 1,43,853
Total requirement under Housing for All : 6,10,000

11. Housing for All- Plan of Action
Total demand of Houses : 6,10,000
Year wise action plan
S. No Year No. of Houses
1 2015-16 80,000
2 2016-17 1,00,000
3 2017-18 75,000
4 2018-19 75,000
5 2019-20 75,000
6 2020-21 75,000
7 2021-22 1,30,000

12. Housing for all (Urban) in Telangana state
The Government of Telangana has launched Housing policy to provide 2BHK
house to all eligible beneficiaries.
Salient Features:
• PMAY-U Housing for all dovetailed with 2BHK program.
• To provide 2BHK houses to BPL people having food security cards with no Pucca
houses.
• The area of the flat provided is 560 sq.ft which is very high compared to other
schemes in the country.
• They are provided to people for free, without any type of fees or monetary
transactions.
• Government plans to build more than 1 lakh houses in GHMC limits.
• Most of the housing projects under the scheme are in-situ slum redevelopment.
• Affordable housing in partnership , one of the four verticals of PMAY ,
component of HFA (Rs. 1.50 lakh per unit) dovetailed with state grant of Rs.3.80
lakh per unit and Rs. 0.75 lakh per unit towards infrastructure.
• Land : Government Land/ Existing Slums/ Land Acquisition if necessary

13. • Reservations to be applied for selecting beneficiaries.
• House will be sanctioned in the name of housewife of the family
• Each house will have 2 bedrooms, 1 hall,1 kitchen and 2 bathrooms.
• In rural areas: independent houses to be constructed on an individual plot area of
125 sq.yards. If land is scarce , the District collector may consider G+1 in major
Gram panchayats.
• In Urban areas: G+pattern, District Collectors/ Commissioners, GHMC shall consider
land availability and decide on number of floors to be taken up.

14. Funding
Initially, in 2015-16, the cost for 2bhk houses in rural and urban areas was kept at
Rs. 5.04 lakhs and Rs. 5.30 lakhs (without infrastructure cost), respectively.
Contractors complained the amount provided by the govt was unviable.
Therefore, the cost of unit was revised to Rs. 7 lakhs (without infrastructure cost)
for the projects in GHMC limits.
Financial pattern (2015-2016)
(Rs. In lakhs)
Financial pattern after increase for units in GHMC
(Rs. In lakhs)
Area Unit Cost State Govt. Central Govt. Total subsidy
Rural 5.04 4.69 0.35 (IAY) 5.04
Urban 5.30 4.30 1.00 (HFA) 5.30
Area Unit Cost State Govt Central Govt. GHMC funds
GHMC 7.00 3.80 1.50 (HFA) 1.79

15. The cost of unit varies depending upon the type of the structure. See the table
below as on June, 2018.
*C- Cellar S-Stilt G-Ground
• Initially, central government was granting Rs. 1 lakh per house under PMAY
scheme, now it has been enhanced to Rs. 1.50 lakh per house.
• Additionally, Swachh Bharat Abhiyan funds can also be used to construct toilets
under this scheme.
• State Housing Corporation also applied to HUDCO to raise Rs. 12,549.60 crore loan
for implementation of the scheme.
• Considering the lack of basic facilities in the previous housing schemes, the state
government has provided separate funding for infrastructure. In rural Rs. 1.25 lakh
and Rs. 0.75 lakh in urban areas for each house.
Structure Cost per unit
(Infrastructure included)
C+S+9 8.65 lakhs
S+5 8.5 lakhs
G+3 7.75 lakhs

16. Implementation of 2BHK in slums (Case Studies)
Below are four types of case studies with different land status’ in
implementation of 2BHK scheme and the issues faced in executing
the scheme, to have an overview of its limitations and progress.
Case Study- I
Pilli Gudiselu (Slum details)
Land status : Government Land
No. of houses : 32
No. of families : 75
Population : 315
Area : 0.5 acre
Division : Saidabad
Status : Land – Court Case

17. Were forced to stay on the road for two months as some people claimed
ownership over the land which slum dwellers were residing.
Promised 2 BHK houses got postponed till the court gives the order over the
ownership of slum land.
Slum dwellers frequently visited various government offices for quick redressal of
their grievances.
Slum dwellers living in this slum migrated 35 years back from Kurnool, as
agricultural productivity decreased.
Now, their livelihood is dependent upon selling muggu (rangoli powder) and
collect garbage in surrounding areas. The government gave them vehicles for
garbage collection at a subsidized rate of Rs. 1.50 lakhs. They collect Rs. 50-70
per house for garbage collection.
Children in the slum, also, sell muggu in the morning and then, go to nearby
government school.
Some children and school completed adults stay at home to help their parents.
The reason being lack of sufficient employment opportunities for educated
youth.
Garbage collected is dumped of which plastic and electronic is kept on
vacant land for rent which is an additional financial burden.

18. When government sanctions 2BHK houses should consider to give space to this
waste.
During two-month stay on roads, government did provide some tents and help
came from many direction in form of food, blankets, clothing etc.
The government promised slum dwellers that they would be getting 2 BHK houses
but the court case has postponed the implementation of the scheme.
The people are reluctant to shift to places far away as their livelihoods are
dependent on garbage collection from the surrounding areas.

19. Case Study II
Sai Chitranagar (Slum details)
Land Status : Government Land
No. of Houses : 45
No. of Families : 60
Population : 335
Area : 0.5 acre
Division : Ramanthapur
Status : House Promised

20. One of the victimized colonies of fake promises, been neglected in various manners.
Slum being located on a bank of polluted lake, brings a lot of uncertainty during
rainy season. Floods the huts and results in lack of accommodation.
Slum dwellers are being forced to vacate the slum irrespective of the timings.
The slum dwellers here have been living since 25 years earning a livelihood as
domestic workers, manual scavengers and rag pickers. Adult workers earn around
Rs. 5000-7000.
The government promised to 2 BHK houses to all and asked them to shift to
community hall where they were asked to vacate by owners of the property and
neighbors. Hence, shifted back to the slum.
Majority of slum dwellers are from weaker sections who are prone to chronic health
diseases which adds to additional financial burden.
The slum dwellers have been fighting for basic housing for a long time and
participating in empowerment programs on housing rights.
In the year 2017, during the monsoons, the MLA, Mayor and other state have
promised 2 BHK housing but it never came true.

21. Case Study-III
Pilli Gudiselu-2 (Slum details)
Land status : Government Land
No. of Houses : 141
No. of families : 180-200
Population : 450-500
Area : 1.5 acre
Division : Malakpet
Status : Construction in process

22. This is one of the few slums listed for redevelopment, in the initial phase, under the
new 2BHK Housing Program of the State government.
The foundation stone has been 3 years back in 2015 by state I.T Minister Mr K.T.R.
People in the slum were asked to vacate for construction and demolition of slum
began in July 2017.
The slum dwellers were promised that the houses would be given by June 2018, but
the houses are nowhere near completion.
In two blocks, only slabs for 3 floors got completed out of 9 floors and in one block,
foundation is yet to be laid. When asked, officials reported that they would hand
over the houses by December 2018.
Locals complain that all families are not included in the possession certificate and
when asked, officials just promised that everyone will be included later.
Slum people, now, reside in rent houses paying exorbitant rents which is an
additional burden on their low incomes as they were residing in their own houses in
slums.

23. Slum dwellers incomes have been affected due to shifting. Women find it difficult
to find a job in the new place.
Children’s education is affected as they have to commute long distances to
attend school. Some children were dropped out in the belief that they could join
in the next academic year.
The exorbitant rents and other difficulties could have been avoided if the
government had provided housing during transition period.
A provision for providing such facilities is present in In-situ Slum Redevelopment
component of PMAY but absent in Affordable Housing in Partnership component
adopted by the State Government.

24. Case Study- IV
IDH Colony (Slum Details)
Land status : Government Land
No. of Houses : 396
Division : Secunderabad
Status : Houses Completed
Initial Project Cost : 3645.00 Lakhs
Final Project Cost : 4280.51 Lakhs

25. IDH colony was a pilot project built by state government to showcase it as a
model for future projects.
396 flats were built in 33 blocks and people of 5 blocks who were residing in that
land previously, were allotted houses under the project.
The government took 13 months to complete the project with amenities like
drinking water, electricity and sewage system being provided. Also community
hall and some shops were constructed to take care of local needs.
Every household which had a pucca house previously on that land were given a
house irrespective of number of family members or families in that house.
But, PMAY guidelines say that an adult earning member, irrespective of their
marital status, can be considered as a separate beneficiary.
In many flats, more than 5 people were staying and place available for them is
not enough, complaining that previously they lived in bigger huts.
Persons with disabilities were given ground floor but there is no ramp to access
ground floor. Elderly complaining about houses given on second floor.
During the construction period, the government did not provide any facilities. The
families faced hardships in paying rent affecting their livelihood.

26. There is no space for parking. All vehicles are parked on the roads, making it
difficult to walk.
Residents were happy that they got new 2 BHK houses but were complaining
about not having enough space in washrooms and utility space to wash clothes.
As per Government orders released under the scheme, the cost of each cost for
each flat is set as Rs. 7 lakh rupees in the GHMC limits + Rs. 0.75 lakh for
infrastructural purposes. But, unit cost in the end for each flat was Rs. 10.8 lakhs.

27. Issues in the 2BHK Scheme
Some provisions of PMAY, which were important to the beneficiary, were left out or
not implemented under 2 BHK scheme. They are
Project developers would be responsible for providing transit accommodation.
An adult member of family, whether married or not, who does not own a pucca
house anywhere in the country can be considered as a separate beneficiary.
There were some issues with the design. In addition there are some other
miscellaneous issues like
Cost escalations (especially steel and cement)
Corruption charges in supply of free sand.
Disinterest of the contractors in the scheme.
No transition facilities provided by the government and contractor.
Beneficiary lists and Detailed Projects are not released on the website, leading to
less transparency.
Non-involvement of people in the planning process
Parking and other recreational spaces

28. The beneficiaries under the scheme are people who actually own the house in
slums and the rented ones suffer the most.
The costs which are incurred in maintenance of the new houses might be
considerably higher.
The main issue lies in the promises made by government which were over
ambitious if we look at the progress it has made now in terms of houses been
constructed.
The construction of houses are also being done in peri-urban areas if any
disturbing the present livelihoods of the slum dwellers.
The costs involved to make this scheme successful are huge as the state’s
capacity to acquire such funds is insufficient and there is no information about
the Finances involved in this scheme resulting to lack of transparency.
The scheme needs to be examined in terms of whether 2BHK is viable by the
state looking into the finances and land involved for in-situ development as
promised.

29. Recommendations
Facilities for providing livelihood opportunities and accommodation of the slum
people should be taken up by the government or the contractor during the
transition period.
Selection process should be made more transparent and inclusive.
Government should regularly update the dashboard on the status of 2 BHK
scheme.
Government to involve people in the design process.
Providing disability access to all blocks constructed under the scheme.
Shopping complexes built under the scheme need to be brought to use and may
be allotted to the people residing there.
Government under the scheme has only focused on the Affordable Housing in
Partnership component of PMAY. It should also bring awareness among the
people about other verticals of PMAY.
A committee with slum members, contractor and official need to be formed to
overlook the construction process.
The scheme of 2BHK should be revised in terms of cost involved for a better
development in affordable housing sector.

30. Thank You