Presentación realizada por Walter Haslinger, Jefe de I+D Bioenergy2020+, en el 10º Congreso Internacional de Bioenergía "Retos de la biomasa hacia 2020" (2015) Acceso al vídeo en el canal de AVEBIOM en youtube en este link https://youtu.be/F3jwcrLnq3o?list=PLiI9QXKYMxh06h-WnlG7007bUkwPg6sKV

1. Emissions control
technologies for small heat
biomass devices
Walter Haslinger

2. Emissions control technologies for small heat biomass devices
Objective
•Provide an overview of available and not yet available concepts
for emission reduction in small scale biomass heating devices
Non-objectives
•Exhaustive and complete survey of individual products
•Promotion of any supplier of individual products
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3. Emissions control technologies for small heat biomass devices
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Flue gas cleaning technologies - General
• State-of-the-art in medium to large scale combustion plants
– Electrostatic precipitators, bag house filters, …
– Scrubbers, SNCR and SCR
• Few / no commercially available flue gas cleaning
technologies in small scale biomass plants (<500 kW)
Most relevant challenges:
– Changing raw gas concentration and raw gas composition
– High costs
– Reliability and maintenance

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Potential flue gas cleaning technologies for small scale plants
• Oxidation catalysts
• Particle abatement technologies
– Electrostatic precipitators
– Fabric filters
– (cyclones)
– (condensation heat exchangers)
• Scrubbers
• Catalytic or non catalytic DeNOx concepts
(SCR, SNCR)
Zumikon by Ruegg Oekosolve
Köb Viessmann Group

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Fields of applications of particle abatement technologies
• Manually operated combustion appliances
– Room heating systems and low-tech fire wood boilers: Oxidation
catalysts
– Fire wood boilers (high-tech): Electrostatic precipitators
• Automatically operated combustion appliances
– < 100 kW: Electrostatic precipitators
– 100 – 500kW: Electrostatic precipitators, fabric filters

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Oxidation catalysts – combination of primary and secondary measures
°C
1) Deploy primary measures
Optimise:
- Time
- Temperature
- Turbulence
- Air excess
= avoid formation of harmful
emissions
Oxidation catalyst
(Pt, Pd)
2) Integrate secondary measures
= abate formed harmful emissions
3) Consider effects of secondary measure (e.g. pressure drop) on primary measures

7. Emissions control technologies for small heat biomass devices
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Integration of oxidation catalyst into a stove: FP7 project BioCAT
1. Characterisation of the catalyst
T rechts 2. Uml T links 1. Uml T Brennkammer T rechts 1. Uml T Gastemp T links 2. Uml T Ofen Austritt
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21.6.2012
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850°C
2. Characterization of the stove

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Integration of oxidation catalyst into a stove: FP7 project BioCAT
3. Primary optimization
Source: Bioenergy 2020+
4. Catalyst integration
1)
2)
3)
Optimum
Temperature

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Integration of oxidation catalyst into a stove: FP7 project BioCAT
Results from lab tests;
Trends and orders of
magnitude of reduction
reproduced in field tests
CO PM
VOC

10. Emissions control technologies for small heat biomass devices
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Electrostatic precipitators (ESP)
• Several developments and first market attempts on-ongoing for boilers
<100 kW
• Functions (in most cases) proven under lab conditions
• Challenges:
– Different dust composition (e.g. pellets / chips / firewood) and varying
composition (e.g. automatic – manual feeding, start – continuous)
– Costs (above all in the very small scale range)
– Continuous reliable operation
– Maintenance / cleaning

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Examples of ESPs

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Separation efficiencies of three different ESPs
Source: TFZ

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Fabric filters / bag house filters for biomass plants of 100-500 kW
• Several RTD projects on-going
• Challenges
– Optimization of seperation efficiencies
– Costs (invest and operation)
– Reliability
– Interaction and joint control with furnace
• Status
– Field tests on-going
– Optimization needs identified
– Full market introduction not yet decided

14. Emissions control technologies for small heat biomass devices
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Summary and conclusions
• Several secondary technologies for emission control under development or in
an early phase of commercialization
• Common challenges
– Instationary operating conditions
– Varying concentration and varying composition of raw gas
– High costs and efforts (maintenance and cleaning)
– Rarely proven reliability
 Deployment of primary measures, appropriate fuel choice, correct system
integration and appropriate user behaviour are first choice!
 Secondary measures hardly suited to overcome lost primary opportunities!

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Thank you: Gracias
• Walter Haslinger, CSO/CTO
• BIOENERGY 2020+ GmbH
• walter.haslinger@bioenergy2020.eu