The document provides background information on the history of banking in the United States, focusing on the Bank of the United States. It discusses how there was a need for banking during the Revolutionary War and the first Bank of the United States was chartered in 1781. The bank helped stabilize the currency and restore soundness after many state banks suspended specie payments in 1814. However, forces of centralization and government control ultimately led to the destruction of the bank both times it was chartered, in 1811 and 1836, due to American fears of centralized power.

1. Technology In Banking
Small businesses / small borrowers, post–recession (i.e. before 2008) are come across for more than just a lender. They are seem to be for an own bank
benefits and business partner.
This type of customer has created a unique opportunity for banks. Yet, many banks have not come across way of move beyond the traditional lenders.
By becoming as a mentor to small business clients, banks gain additional revenue on this stream through fee–based services. For example, Bank begun
offering services such as deposit offerings, capital rising and strategic plan. Banks also offers a negligible cash management service to its customers,
which moves cash to a higher return investment once the account hits a certain level.
Offering additional services...show more content...
8. Its not necessary two institutes are the work equally or two banks are the same or two customers are exactly alike. It's come to know only through
test and then test again. Testing things includes such as messaging, frequency and channel of communications and special offers are some of the very
important areas possible for testing.
7.2 CONCLUSIONS
In the modern scenario India now competes the global world. Company having more challenging and take part to global completion. The Banking
conditions in the country are far better to any other country in the world. Banking Industry has also become more powerful in this scenario. It has also
many challenges faces to local level to state and national level. Banks Credit and liquidity risk studies suggest that Indian banks are generally elastic.
Indian banking industries witnessed adopt innovative banking models like credits (i.e. advances) and small finance banks. RBI's new measures may
helping the restructuring of the domestic banking industry. Banking is the credit creating sector. Contributions of banks to the GDP of a country
includes Credit creation, Banks nowadays perform various
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2. Ethics in Banking Essay
Banking ethics are the moral or ethical principles that certain banks choose to abide by. There is not a universal code of ethical conduct, but the banks
that vaunt their ethical credentials evaluate the ethical standing of potential investors and partners. Also, these banks choose the companies that they in
turn invest in with their ethical policy in mind. The number of ethical questions that the banking industry faces are many and multifaceted. Full service
relationships with customers are a thing of the past while profitability, and its byproduct corporate greed, has become the main goal. Banking ethics and
profitability are not mutually exclusive, but being an ethical bank does sometimes mean that they maintain their moral rigor...show more content...
Can we blame the retail branch employees or even the retail banking industry? This change in mentality is just merely an adaptation necessary for
survival, which can be explained as "survival of the fittest". In order to survive banks have been required to change from traditional money handlers to
aggressive sales oriented employees.
The increase in competitiveness among all banks has ballooned so much that these banks are willing to do anything to retain or add a new customer.
The strategy of putting customers in high pressure sales situations is not unethical. However, the line is drawn when branch employees are told to sell
a certain product so the branch will meet its monthly/quarterly goal. With this type of leadership, you are enabling employees to sell products to
customers that they most likely did not need in the first place and may not be qualified for. These unethical tendencies led customers to believe that
they needed a product that was only sold for the company's benefit. These situations only confirm that the banking industry is putting their profit
interests above the well–being of the customers that they provide services for.
When the bank is acting in their own self interest they are taking on an egoistic role. They have an excessive sense of self importance. An egoist will
put profit at the top of the list of importance and that is exactly what the banks
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3. Essay on Industry Analysis: Banking
Industry Analysis: Banking
The banking industry has come under increasing pessimism of late because of rising short and long–term interest rates. The banking industry's market
capitalization made a substantial decline. Most investors are concerned with whether the industry can sustain continued profitability as a result of these
factors.
Banks have responded in recent years to these problems by diversifying away from interest sensitive products and services. But interest rates are the
fundamental aspect of any financial services. Therefore, I believe the financial services industry will be deeply affected by rising interest rates. Banks
have experienced good business factors over the past two years. Interest rates were low,...show more content...
Bank rivalries are very strong, and as we've seen many of the largest banks are merging to increase their power. In fact, Charlotte, NC is practically
owned by Bank of America and First Union.
2.Potential entry of new competitors:
There is virtually no chance of a new entrant significantly affecting the major banks' market share. The only place that new entrants may have a chance
in the industry is through Internet banking, because of its low cost.
3.Firms offering substitute products:
This is not really an issue within the banking industry, because there aren't really any legal alternatives, except buying a safe and borrowing from a loan
shark
4.Competitive pressures stemming from supplier and buyer bargaining power:
I grouped these two categories together because in the banking industry the buyers are the suppliers and vice versa, so I might as well just discuss
the situation as a whole. Interest rates are the single most important aspect of bank profitability they are the bargaining power. Most bank profits are

4. derived from net interest income. This is interest income received on loans minus interest expense for borrowed funds. Interest rates determine the
amount of money a bank can earn. Another measure is a banks' net interest margin which is a bank's net interest income divided by its average earning
assets. This is a common measure of a bank's ability to squeeze profits from its loans.
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5. Bank Essay
Many people don't know what's the best bank for them in the future, so I am writing this to show what bank will be best for me in the future. I am
going to talk about 4 banks that would be good for me. The 4 banks are 4Front credit union, Charlevoix State bank, Huntington, and 5/3rd bank. 4Front
credit union will be open Monday through Friday 9:00A.M.–5:00. They are open on Saturday from 9:00A.M. to 1:00P.M. Some of the locations for
4Front are East Jordan, Boyne City, Petoskey, and Charlevoix. The nextbank's hours that I'm talking about is Charlevoix State bank. The Charlevoix
State bank will be open Monday through Thursday 9:00A.M, to 4:00P.M. Friday they are open at 9:00A.M. to 6:00P.M. Saturday they open at
9:00A.M. and close at noon....show more content...
The NCUA covers up to $250,000. 4Front can give you loans. You can get pre–approvals before you go shopping for what you want. There's no early
payoff penalties. Theres the ability to have online banking. All you need to have it sign up for online banking is the last 4 digits of your social
security and your date of birth.
Secondly bank I am talking about is Charlevoix State bank. The minimum balance for the savings account is $50. There's no monthly service fee.
The opening deposit is $50. You are always going to need $50 in the savings account so it's a little harder to open an account in their bank. There's a 3
month early closing fee of $10. You can only have 6 pre–authorized transfers or withdrawals per month, but if you use the ATM or go inside to talk to a
person you have unlimited transfers and withdrawals. The checking account has no minimum balance. There is no monthly service fee. The opening
deposit is $50 dollars, but you only need to have $5 in the checking account. You can write as many checks as you want and you will not get feed
for writing them. There's a free ATM and Debit card. If there is no account activity for a year a monthly dormant account fee of $5 will be assessed.
There are mortgage loans, consumer loans, and commercial loans just to name a few. There's free online banking, and telephone banking. The FDIC
insures $250,000 for each account.
The third bank I am going to talk about is Huntington. The
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6. Essay on Banking
Introduction A bank refers to a financial institution that accepts deposits and channels the money into lending activities (Lewis, 2009). Ethics refers to
the principles of right and wrong that are accepted by an individual or a social group ((Lewis, 2009).) Conceptually, ethics refers to well base
standards of right and wrong that prescribe what humans ought to do, usually in terms of rights, obligations, benefits to society, fairness, or specific
virtues (Safakli, 2005). It's the integrity measure, which evaluates the values, norms and rules that constitute the base for individual and social
relationships, from a moral perspective (Smith and Smith, 2002). It consists of choosing the good over the bad, the right over the wrong and the...show
more content...
The banking sector in the modern society, in many areas, play many roles which includes unifying and intermediary roles between the fund supplying
and fund demanding sides of the society, helping accomplish investment and saving functions. Banking institutions are expected to protect the rights
and interests of depositors, establish stable and trustworthy financial markets, engage in economic development and more importantly to ethically
conduct their operations in compliance with the principles of integrity, transparency , reliability, impartially, with social responsibility and control
money laundering (Carse, 1999). However, not all banking institutions practice these norms, with their dishonor leading to adverse effects, for instance;
corruption which includes the banking sector unethical conduct, can cost the poor three times more than the rich, according to a 2002 Word
Development Report. Ethical issues Financial institutions –including banks of all sorts, credit agencies, private equity firms, pension funds, insurance
companies, and the like– have long been considered by most people to have no other object in view than the creation of wealth. The performance of
financial institutions is therefore measured solely on the basis of their capacity to maximize financial assets, that is, it has been measured with
evaluation factors that review only their monetary bottom–line results.
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7. Bank Management System
Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1.0 INTRODCUTION1
1.1 BACKGROUND1
1.2 EQUATORIAL COMMERCIAL BANK2
1.3 MOTIVATION FOR UNDERTAKING THE PROJECT3
1.4 THE PROBLEM STATEMENT4
1.5 BENEFITS OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM5
1.5.1 Online Banking – How Is It Different5
1.5.2 Why Use Online Banking5
1.6 PROJECT OBJECTIVES6
1.7 SYSTEM OBJECTIVES7
1.8 SCOPE OF THE SYSTEM7
CHAPTER 2–LITERATURE REVIEW8
2.1 DEFINING E–BANKING/ONLINE BANKING8
2.2 FEATURES OF ONLINE BANKING8
2.3 E–BANKING IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES9
2.4 E–BANKING IN PAKISTAN10
2.5 E–BANKING IN KENYA12
2.5.1 Current Structure and Developments in the Kenyan Banking Industry12
2.5.2 E–Banking Revolution in the Kenyan Banking Industry14
2.6 REVIEW OF CURRENT SYSTEM15
2.7 REVIEW OF RELATED...show more content...
Initially, after the problem was identified after interviews with the bank loan staff and customers, requirements were collected and system analysis done
through Object Oriented Design and Methodology (OOAD). More data was collected through a review of the current manual banking system and
documents maintained by the bank.

8. Unified Modelling Language was used to analyze and organize the design solution. Use Case diagram, Class Diagram and Sequence diagram were then
designed to model the system. A database schema was then designed to model the database to be used. The system was developed using mathematical
functions for the balancing
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9. Modern Banking
WHAT ARE BANKS AND W H A T D O T H E Y D O?
1
1.1. Introduction1
The term ''banking'' can be applied to a large range of п¬Ѓnancial institutions, from savings and loans organisations to the large money–centre
commercial banks in the USA, or from the smallest mutually owned building society to the ''big four'' shareholder owned banks in the UK. Many
European countries have large regional/cooperative banks in addition to three to п¬Ѓve universal banks. In Japan, the bank with the largest retail
network is Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation,2 but its main rival for savings deposits is the Post Office. The objective of this chapter is to
provide an overview of banking and the role played by banks in an increasingly complex п¬Ѓnancial world....show more content...
Market structure is also important: the greater the competition for loans and deposits, the more narrow the interest margin. Intermediation costs will
also include the cost of administration and other transactions costs related to the savings and loans products offered by the bank. Unlike individual
agents, where the cost of п¬Ѓnding a potential lender or borrower is very high, a bank may be able to achieve scale economies in these transactions
costs; that is, given the large number of savings and deposit products offered, the related transactions costs are either constant or falling. Unlike the
individual lender, the bank enjoys information economies of scope in lending decisions because of access to privileged information on current and
potential borrowers with accounts at the bank. It is normally not possible to bundle up and sell this information, so banks use it internally to
increase the size of their loan portfolio. Thus, compared to depositors trying to lend funds directly, banks can pool a portfolio of assets with less risk
of default, for a given expected return. Provided a bank can act as intermediary at the lowest possible cost, there will be a demand for its services. For
example, some banks have lost out on lending to highly rated corporations because these п¬Ѓrms п¬Ѓnd they can raise funds more cheaply by issuing
bonds. Nonetheless, even the most highly rated
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10. History of Banks Essay
Not banks but merchants were the sources of money and credit in the colonial period of American history (1607–1783). It was only after independence
that the first commercial bank received a charter of incorporation – the Bank of North America, in 1781. British merchant banking houses stood at one
end of a long chain of credit that stretched to the American frontier. They gave short–term (less than a year) credits to American merchants who then
extended them to wholesalers of their imports, and the wholesalers passed them on to both urban and rural retailers – country stores and wandering
peddlers.
When the Constitution went into effect in 1789 the nation boasted three commercial banks, the Bank of North America, chartered by Congress at...show
more content...
The ratio between bank notes in circulation and specie holdings was quite small.
Growing population and trade, however, created a need for comparable growth in the volume of money and credit – for a policy of accommodation
rather than restraint. Sharp increases in the number of state banks and in their authorized capital stock represented a response to this need. During the
life of the first bus (1791–1811) banks chartered by the states increased in number from 5 to 117, and their combined capital stock went from $4.6
million to almost $66.3 million.
The British raid on Washington in 1814 induced banks throughout the country (except in New England) to suspend specie payments. The bank note
currency circulated at a variety of discounts from place to place, and since the government was compelled to accept it for taxes and imposts, the public
finances became so disordered as to threaten the operations of the federal government. It was in this context of nationwide inflation and governmental
derangement that Congress decided to charter a second bus (1816–1836). The expectation was that the institution would be able to force the state banks
to resume specie payments and restore soundness to the currency.
The Bank's success in achieving those objectives is mainly attributable to its president Nicholas Biddle (1823–1836). The mechanism was simple. The
nation's currency was largely made up

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12. The Bank of the United States Essay
The Bank of the United States
The Bank of the United States is a symbol of the long held American fear of centralization and government control. The bank was an attempt to bring
some stability and control and was successful at doing this. However, both times the bank was chartered, forces within the economy ultimately
destroyed it. The fear of centralization and control was ultimately detrimental to the U.S. economy. During the Revolutionary War there was much
need for a strong centralized government that would have been able to collect taxes. The states were able to issue currency and the government
accepted this in exchange for specie. Specie was very hard to come by in the colonies and most states...show more content...
The stock of the bank was bought and held mainly by the US government and numerous businessmen among the states of the Union. It paid interest
on public debt, issue a national currency, dealt in foreign exchange, paid government officials, and numerous other tasks. It was both a private and
public institution but if asked by the Treasury, it would have to open its books to inspection. It appears the bank was a very safe buy in the stock
market. It paid steady dividends put there was rarely any high fluctuation in its stock price. Meanwhile, many of the state banks at the time had a wild
fluctuation in prices. There were eight branches through the states, but originally Hamiliton thought that branches would be a bad idea because it
would cause rivalry with the state banks. He ended up being right, as this was a contributing reason that the bank eventually failed. The bank was not a
central bank; it just held an account for the government and had little control over the fiscal policies in each state. However, the state banks still
resented the power that the bank had. This is extremely hard to comprehend when comparing the power of the First Bank and the current Federal
Reserve System.
The First Bank of the United States lasted until 1811. In 1804, President Jefferson, who despised the bank, removed any money that the government
had from its vaults. When the issue of
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