This document summarizes the history and current status of agriculture in India. It discusses how agriculture began in India as early as 8000-5000 BCE and the development of irrigation systems by 4500 BCE. It then outlines key metrics on India's agricultural production and yields over recent decades, noting that while India is a major global producer, yields remain low due to factors like inadequate infrastructure and overregulation. The document concludes by describing several modern technologies that are being applied in Indian agriculture like smartphone-controlled irrigation, crop sensing, yield mapping, and use of IT systems.

2.  This presentation highlights the status of
technology and innovation in world agriculture
currently and projections for the future,
emphasizing crop production

3.  Over past two decades, the average annual growth
rate for the world:
agricultural product demand of 2.1 %
agricultural product supply of 3.1%
agricultural product prices declined by more than
1%
But over past year, food and feed prices have risen
abruptly, choking off demand and creating food
insecurity (FAO 2008)

4.  Agriculture in India came into
existence during the Neolithic
revolution (roughly 80005000 BCE.)
 Rice was cultivated in the
Indus Valley Civilization as
early as 4530 BCE and 5440
BCE .
 Irrigation was developed in
the Indus Valley Civilization
by around 4500 BCE.

5.  Kallanai (1st-2nd century CE), a dam built on
river Kaveri during this period, is considered as
one of the oldest water-regulation structures in
the world still in use.
 During 2003-04, agriculture accounted for 22 %
of India's GDP, and employed 58 per cent of the
country's workforce.
 India is also the third largest producer of
tobacco and rice, the fourth largest producer of
coarse grains, the fifth largest producer of eggs,
and the seventh largest producer of meat.
 The method of agriculture was mainly manual
and did not include any type of machines.

6.  Today, India ranks second worldwide in farm output.
 India's GDP is steadily declining with the country's
broad-based economic growth.
 As Per the 2010 FAO world agriculture statistics, India
is the second largest producer of wheat and rice, the
world's major food staples.
 One report from 2008 claimed India's population is
growing faster than its ability to produce rice and
wheat.

7. Crop
Quantity
Rice
Wheat
Pulses
Oilseeds
Sugarcane
Tea
Cotton
Average YIELD,
1970-1971
Average YIELD,
1990-1991
Average YIELD,
2010–2011
kilogram per
hectare
1123
1307
524
579
48322
1182
106
kilogram per
hectare
1740
2281
578
771
65395
1652
225
kilogram per
hectare
2240
2938
689
1325
68596
1669
510

8.  The low productivity in India is a result of the
following factors:
 Adoption of modern agricultural practices and use
of technology is inadequate, hampered by
ignorance of such practices, high costs and
impracticality in the case of small land holdings.
 India has inadequate infrastructure and services.
World Bank also says that the allocation of water is
inefficient, unsustainable and inequitable. The
irrigation infrastructure is deteriorating.
 Overregulation of agriculture has increased costs,
price risks and uncertainty.

9.  Inconsistent government policy. Agricultural
subsidies and taxes often changed without notice
for short term political ends.
 Irrigation facilities are inadequate.
 Farmers still being dependent on rainfall,
specifically the Monsoon season.
 A third of all food that is produced rots due to
inefficient supply chains and the use of the “ WalMart Model" to improve efficiency is blocked by
laws against foreign investment in the retail
sector.

10.  The Most Important
technologies applied in
agriculture are as follows:
Irrigate via Smartphone
2. Sensing how your crop is
feeling
3. Field documentation
4. IT in agriculture
1.

12.  Mobile tech is playing a big role in
monitoring and controlling crop
irrigation systems.
 Moisture sensors in the ground are
able to communicate information
about the level of moisture present at
certain depths in the soil.
 This increased flexibility allows for
more precise control of water and
other inputs like fertilizer that are
applied by irrigation pivots.

13.  Crop sensors are taking variable
rate technology to the next level.
 Instead of making a prescription
fertilizer map for a field before
you go out to apply it, crop
sensors tell application
equipment how much to apply in
real time.
 Optical sensors are able to see
how much fertilizer a plant may
need based on the amount of light
reflected back to the sensor.

14.  Because of onboard monitors and GPS the ability to
document yields, application rates, and tillage practices is
becoming easier and more precise every year.
 As harvesting equipments rolls through the field it
calculates yield and moisture as it goes tying it in with GPS
coordinates.
 When finished a map of the field is printed. These maps
are often called heat maps.
 Each color on the map relates to a certain yield range. Now
the farmer can see what varieties had the best, worst, or
most consistent yield over varying conditions.

15. • The benefits of IT for the improvement and strengthening of agriculture
sector in India include timely information on weather forecasts and
calamities.
•Better and spontaneous agricultural practices,
•Reduction of agricultural risks and enhanced incomes.
•Better awareness and information.
•Improved networking and communication.
•Facility of online trading and e-commerce.
•Better representation at various forums, authorities and platform.
• E-agriculture can play a major role in the increased food production and
productivity in India.

17. Be
informed
Be
reminded
Understand
Sustainable
development
Know our
responsibilities
Follow
Educate
ourselves

19. people
professions
AGRICULTURE