The document provides an overview of culture and geography, emphasizing the functions, characteristics, and components of culture, as well as the various scopes of geography such as physical, human, economic, political, urban, anthrogeography, environmental geography, and cartography. It also discusses methods for teaching culture and geography in elementary grades, proposing a culture-based education approach that incorporates language, family, community, and appropriate context. Key concepts in geography teaching include spatial relationships, place, location, direction, distance, and landscape, along with diverse teaching methods to enhance student understanding.

1. CULTURE AND
GEOGRAPHY

2. Topic contents:
• Overview of Culture and Geography
• Teaching Culture and Geography in
Elementary Grades

3. Overview of
Culture and Geography

4. Culture
• Complex cluster of knowledge,
beliefs, arts, laws, morality and
others of humans as part of the
society (E.B. Tylor, 1871)

5. Functions of Culture:
• act as a physical and social survival mechanism
for humans
• helps people to adapt the demands of
environment
• compensates for some limitations of humans
• helps understanding of different aspects of
human behavior

6. Characteristics of Culture:
• Culture is learned.
• Culture is shared.
• Culture is transmitted.
• Culture is cumulative.
• Culture is essential.

7. 2 Components of Culture:
1. Material Culture
• things people produce and use
• through these, we may know about
people’s way of living
• tools, clothing, musical
instruments

8. 2. Non-material Culture
Consists of:
• Norms- patterns of behavior
• Folkways- customary rules of conduct
• Laws- created and systematized rules

9. • Values- indicates moral guidance
• Beliefs- ideas people hold about universe
• Languages- complex systems of symbols

10. Geography
• study of places and the relationships between
people and their environments
• comes from Greek words “geo” means Earth
and “graphia” means writing
• It deals with the space and the content of the
space through Local Ecological Knowledge
(Livelihood dynamics).

11. Geography
Scopes:
1. Physical
Geography/Physiography
(studies Earth structure)
2. Human Geography (studies
human political, behavioral
and social aspect)

12. Geography
Scopes:
3. Economic Geography (studies
resources distribution within
a country)
4. Political Geography (studies
use of power within a
country)

13. Geography
Scopes:
5. Urban Geography
(studies land-use
patterns)
6. Anthrogeography
(studies environmental
influence to people)

14. Geography
Scopes:
7. Environmental
Geography (studies
environment
conservation)
8. Cartography (act of
making maps/charts)

15. Teaching Culture and
Geography in Elementary
Grades

16. Four Main Phases in development of understanding
Culture and Geography
1. Focus on different types of teachers
2. Focus on the context of teaching
3. Focus on teaching-learning reflecting
a shift away from “transmission-
reception” models
4. Offer more complex and complicated
models

17. Culture-based Education
• Grounding of teaching-learning
process through culture that are the
foundation of learners’ background
• It nurtures learners’ sense of
belonging, identity, appreciation and
understanding of heritage.

18. Elements of Culture-based Education:
1. Language: recognizing and using native language.
2. Family and community: involving them in the development of
curricula, everyday learning, and leadership.
3. Context: structuring the school and the classroom in culturally-
appropriate ways.
4. Content: making learning meaningful and relevant through
culturally grounded content and assessment.
5. Data and accountability: gathering and maintaining data using
various methods to insure student progress in culturally
responsible ways

19. Concepts of Geography Teaching:
1. Spatial
• Space of movement; recognizing that
people move from certain spaces
2. Place
• Physical structure and cultural
component of certain area

20. Concepts of Geography Teaching:
3. Location
• Starting point of all geographic study
• It may be Absolute Location
(identification of place by precise
system) and Relative Location (position
of place in relation to other place)

21. Absolute Location: 4 degrees and 21
degrees North Latitude; 116 degrees and
121 degrees East Longitude
Relative Location: West of Pacific Ocean,
North of Malaysia, East of Thailand,
South of Taiwan

22. Concepts of Geography Teaching:
4. Direction
• Second universal spatial concept
• It may be Absolute Direction (based
on cardinal points) and Relative
Direction (based on how we
understand maps)

23. Absolute Direction: West of Pacific
Ocean, North of Malaysia, East of
Thailand, South of Taiwan
Relative Direction: Philippines is in Asia
near Indonesia

24. Concepts of Geography Teaching:
5. Distance
• It may be Absolute Distance
(measured by standard units) and
Relative Distance (measured by
linear measurements)

25. Absolute Distance: Philippines is 3,068
km. away from Japan
Relative Distance: Philippines is 3 hours
away from Japan

26. Concepts of Geography Teaching:
6. Landscape
• Physical and cultural attributes that
distinguish one place to other
• It may be Natural Landscape (based
on setting) and Cultural Landscape
(based on visible expression)

27. Natural Landscape Cultural Landscape

28. Methods of teaching Culture and Geography in
Elementary Grades:
• Observation Method (e.g., fieldtrips, recording)
• Project Method (e.g., exhibits, stage play,
creating models)
• Regional Method (e.g., natural environment,
human adaptation, cultural base)
• ICT Method (e.g., statistical data, viewpoints)

29. Thank you!
Yosef Eric C. Hipolito, LPT, MAED, MED
Historian, Philippine Historical Association
yoseferichipolito19@gmail.com