The document provides an evaluation and suggestions for planning a town in accordance with Local Agenda 21. It summarizes that the quality of life in Kota Bharu is high but can be improved through better environmental health. It suggests reducing greenhouse gas emissions, improving transportation options, and increasing economic growth and job opportunities. Maintaining social progress by improving skills, health, and reducing crime is also recommended. Increasing recycling efforts and centers is suggested to improve prudent use of natural resources.

1. FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
KKKH 4284
SUSTAINABLE URBAN PLANNING
TASK 5 : LOCAL AGENDA 21
LECTURER:
PROF. IR. DR. RIZA ATIQ ABDULLAH BIN O.K. RAHMAT
DR. MUHAMAD NAZRI BIN BORHAN
DR. NORLIZA BINTI MOHD AKHIR
NAME : NOR IZHAM BIN NOHANAZI
MATRIC NO. : A133921
DEPARTMENT : JKAS/4

2. PROBLEM :
You are given a task by the mayor of your hometown to evaluate and give suggestion on how
to plan the town in accordance with Local Agenda 21. Write a brief report on your
evaluation and suggestion.
Introduction
Local Agenda 21 is a program aimed at implementing sustainable development at the local
level. Local Agenda 21 can provide a mechanism for local authorities to consider the social
and environmental impacts of their various activities, as well as the interaction between
theseactivities and the practical objectives of sustainable development. Founded on a strong
partnership between local government and the community, the progress towards local
sustainable development will be guided by the preparation of a long term strategic action plan
that integrates existing policies and programs and an agreed future direction and encourages
local authorities to find ways of conserving resources, minimising adverse impacts on the
environment and on society, and obtaining the maximum benefit in financial, social and
environmental terms from the discharge of their functions.
There are significant positive outcomes that should result from an effective Local Agenda
21 process, these include the stronger community and local government partnership, on going
community involvement in the resolution of sustainable development issues, integrated
decision making which takes all foreseeable economic, social and environmental
considerations into account, development, implementation and periodic review of a long term,
integrated action plan which incorporates sustainable development principles and the changes
which promote a continual improvement toward sustainable development. The Local Agenda
21 needs cooperation of many parties. It includes society, private sector and local authorities.
So each party has their basic own role. These are some of them:
a) Individual or Society
 Give cooperation to any program or event that private sector or local authorities
invented.
 Mass media need to announce the activity relate to this sector.

3. b) Associations and Companies
 An association of Local Agenda 21 needs to be established to focus on the vision of
this principle for the hometown.
 Any companies surround my hometown need to be alert to the necessity of the
residential of the hometown by providing the requirement for residents.
c) Governments Representatives or Local Authorities
 Doing campaign and kind of same activity or event relate to Local Agenda 21
 Making collaboration within the authorities to execute any activities
There are several elements of Local Agenda 21. Based on the element, the evaluation and the
suggestion are considered.
1. Improving the Quality of Life
Evaluation
Quality of life is the general well-being of individuals and societies. Quality of life has a wide
range of contexts, including the fields of international development, healthcare, education and
politics. Quality of life should not be confused with the concept of standard of living, which is
based primarily on income. Instead, standard indicators of the quality of life include not only
wealth and employment but also the built environment, physical and mental health, education,
recreation and leisure time, and social belonging. In Kota Bharu, the quality of life is quite
high compare to others town in Kelantan since Kota bharu is a state capital of Kelantan.
Suggestion
One of the to achieve a better quality of life for everyone is by improving the health
environmental that can form an important element of preventative health care, and have a
beneficial effect on community health. Good air quality, safe drinking water, clean bathing
waters and sound waste water systems all contribute to effective public health protection and
support a healthy lifestyle. Local authorities can co-operate with health boards to increase
awareness of the links between environment and health, and help formulate and implement
relevant strategies in their areas. Also improve the environmental education that can relate to

4. all educational levels within their area, including adult education, and could include
encouraging local business or industry to do likewise.
2. Effective Protection of the Environment.
Evaluation
Environment protection is a practices of protecting the natural environment by individual,
organizational or governmental levels, for the benefit of both the natural environment and
humans. The transportation system in Kota Bharu led to negative impact on the environment.
Kota Bharu has less of public transport with a low efficiency of management. Most of the
resident prefer to use their own transport and this will let to the traffic congestion and increase
the emissions of greenhouse gases that will effect the environment.
Suggestion
The authorities need to considered in continue to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases
and plan for greater reductions in longer term emissions of greenhouse gases. Besides that, it
is also important in reduce air pollution and ensure air quality continues to improve through
the longer term. In the context of the transportation, the authorities can make changing in
reduce the need to travel and improve choice in transport. Re-using previously developed land
also help in giving protection to the environment, in order to protect the countryside and
encourage urban regeneration.
3. Maintaining High and Stable Levels of Economics Growth and Employment.
Evaluation
Kota Bharu is an area that being developed as an commercial and industrial city that can
accommodate the needs of the population through the increasing of job opportunities. So, this
can generate the economic growth of local communities that will take the benefit from the
opportunities available.
Suggestion
In order to maintain the high and stable levels of economic growth and employment, we need
to make sure the economy of an area must be continue to grow up. The investment in public,

5. business and private assets is a vital to the future prosperity. The objective is to maintain
the high and stable levels of employment to make sure everyone can share greater job
opportunities.
4. Recognises the Needs of Everyone Through a Social Progress.
Evaluation
Social progress is the idea that societies can or do improve in terms of their social, political,
and economic structures. This may happen as a result of direct human action, as in social
enterprise or through social activism or as a natural part of sociocultural evolution. In Kota
Bharu, the social progress is something that needs to be developed more in order to fulfill the
Local Agenda 21.
Suggestion
In order to increase the social progress which recognizes the needs of everyone, the
authorities must do something such as equip people with the skills to fulfill the potential,
improve the health of the population overall, reduce the proportion of unfit stock and also
reduce both crime and fear of crime.
5. Prudent Use of Natural Resources
Evaluation
The high population of residents at Kota Bharu led to the high and arising volume of waste.
The public awareness and participation in waste management practices in the residential of
Kota Bharu is very low. The low quantity of the recycling center in the residential is
contributed to the low awareness among the residents.
Suggestion
The best way to improve the prudent use of natural resources is moving away from disposal
of waste towards waste minimisation, reuse, recycling and recovery. Increase the number of
the recycling centre.

6. Conclusion
The benefits that we could get from the planning and implementation of Local Agenda 21 are
we can improve the quality of life in our town. The local authority must be more sensitive and
effective fulfill the needs of their resident to produce more conductive environment and a
higher quality of life and we could have more pride and ownership over the surroundings.
While, as an organization or establishment, the thing that could benefits through are
projection of the image of the organization as a good corporate citizen sensitive to the needs
of the community, increasing the effectiveness through co-operation with other stakeholders
in the community, the opportunity to participate in the planning and development in the
surroundings with the local authority, the opportunity to give valuable input to policies and
practices that will influence your surroundings and the community's quality of life and also
the opportunity to serve the community.