Alejandro Werner - Latin America and the Caribbean
O Instituto Brasileiro de Economia (IBRE), da Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV), realizou, no dia 19 de setembro de 2014, o seminário internacional A América Latina e as Novas Condições Econômicas Mundiais.
O evento abordou a questão das perspectivas latinoamericanas diante das mudanças impostas, entre outros fatores, pela desaceleração da China e pela gradual normalização da política monetária dos EUA.
O encontro foi organizado em três painéis, que incluiram desde estudos de casos nacionais — Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colômbia e México — a apresentações mais abrangentes da economia da região como um todo ou parte dela.
Confira as fotos do evento e mais informações no site do FGV/IBRE: http://bit.ly/YdyhyL
Alejandro Werner - Latin America and the Caribbean
O Instituto Brasileiro de Economia (IBRE), da Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV), realizou, no dia 19 de setembro de 2014, o seminário internacional A América Latina e as Novas Condições Econômicas Mundiais.
O evento abordou a questão das perspectivas latinoamericanas diante das mudanças impostas, entre outros fatores, pela desaceleração da China e pela gradual normalização da política monetária dos EUA.
O encontro foi organizado em três painéis, que incluiram desde estudos de casos nacionais — Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colômbia e México — a apresentações mais abrangentes da economia da região como um todo ou parte dela.
Confira as fotos do evento e mais informações no site do FGV/IBRE: http://bit.ly/YdyhyL
Venezuela Macroeconomic Outlook: A summary on the main statistics of the Venezuelan economy, the Hugo Chavez poignant legacy, and the root of the massive protests taking place in Venezuela right now
The macroeconomic outlook following the COVID-19 pandemic is gloomy, ranging between 3-10% in GDP decline for 2020. Recovery will depend heavily on how fast consumer confidence, employment and global trade can rebound. As a business leader, understanding how the macro outlook will impact your business is critical – especially if you are exposed to export markets.
In this short webinar, we will present the latest views on both global and Scandinavian macroeconomic outlooks, including scenarios to consider in the short, mid and long term, as well as a practical macro toolkit for evaluating your company’s exposure to key economic factors.
Published: 1/2014
Any recollection of the performance of the Latin American economies during the so-called "Lost Decade" of the 1980s should suffice to convince us how much the region has progressed over the last two decades. Particularly during the last ten years the region has enjoyed, for the most part, financial and price stability, reasonable economic growth, a substantial reduction in poverty rates, and improvements in income distribution.
As this report makes clear, however, it would be a terrible mistake for Latin American governments and societies to be complacent about the challenges in front of them. The report provides an excellent description of the challenges that will have to be overcome, but also rightly identifies the significant strengths that the Latin American economies already have.
- Download Latin America: The Long Road (PDF): http://bit.ly/1j8jdcL
- Order the print version of GLatin America: The Long Road: http://bit.ly/1e2QSxR
Visit the Credit Suisse Research Institute website: http://bit.ly/18Cxa0p
Andrés Solimano, President and Founder of the International Center for Globalization and Development, presented on the history of recessions in the 20th century on 11 June 2019 at the OECD Development Centre for their "DEV Talks" series.
Much of the achievements in poverty and inequality reduction do not respond to Hugo Chavez social programs, but rather to higher public expenditure, fueling an import consumption boom. OIl was not enough, foreign debt increased fourfold. This presentation evaluates current state of Venezuelan economy under Maduro and draft some guidelines to achieving equitable growth
Venezuela Macroeconomic Outlook: A summary on the main statistics of the Venezuelan economy, the Hugo Chavez poignant legacy, and the root of the massive protests taking place in Venezuela right now
The macroeconomic outlook following the COVID-19 pandemic is gloomy, ranging between 3-10% in GDP decline for 2020. Recovery will depend heavily on how fast consumer confidence, employment and global trade can rebound. As a business leader, understanding how the macro outlook will impact your business is critical – especially if you are exposed to export markets.
In this short webinar, we will present the latest views on both global and Scandinavian macroeconomic outlooks, including scenarios to consider in the short, mid and long term, as well as a practical macro toolkit for evaluating your company’s exposure to key economic factors.
Published: 1/2014
Any recollection of the performance of the Latin American economies during the so-called "Lost Decade" of the 1980s should suffice to convince us how much the region has progressed over the last two decades. Particularly during the last ten years the region has enjoyed, for the most part, financial and price stability, reasonable economic growth, a substantial reduction in poverty rates, and improvements in income distribution.
As this report makes clear, however, it would be a terrible mistake for Latin American governments and societies to be complacent about the challenges in front of them. The report provides an excellent description of the challenges that will have to be overcome, but also rightly identifies the significant strengths that the Latin American economies already have.
- Download Latin America: The Long Road (PDF): http://bit.ly/1j8jdcL
- Order the print version of GLatin America: The Long Road: http://bit.ly/1e2QSxR
Visit the Credit Suisse Research Institute website: http://bit.ly/18Cxa0p
Andrés Solimano, President and Founder of the International Center for Globalization and Development, presented on the history of recessions in the 20th century on 11 June 2019 at the OECD Development Centre for their "DEV Talks" series.
Much of the achievements in poverty and inequality reduction do not respond to Hugo Chavez social programs, but rather to higher public expenditure, fueling an import consumption boom. OIl was not enough, foreign debt increased fourfold. This presentation evaluates current state of Venezuelan economy under Maduro and draft some guidelines to achieving equitable growth
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
2. October 23 rd , 2002 Between Financial Distress and Lackluster Performance: A Regional Assessment Prepared for presentation at The World Bank, Washington , DC
3. OUTLINE I. Capital Flight in LAC: Back to the Eighties? II. LAC in the Aftermath of External Adjustment: A Triple “Whammy” IV. External Adjustment and Financial Distress: The Case of Brazil V. Argentina’s Public Debt: Yet Another Restructuring? III. External Adjustment, Financial Distress and Outuput Collapses: The Debt Connection
4. LAC-7 Capital Flows (4 quarters, millions of US dollars and average in % of GDP) Includes Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, Venezuela 0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 1997-I 1997-III 1998-I 1998-III 1999-I 1999-III 2000-I 2000-III 2001-I 2001-III 2002-I -1% 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% Millions of US dollars % of GDP
5. LAC-7 Foreign Direct Investment (4 quarters, millions of US dollars and average in % of GDP) Includes Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, Venezuela 0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000 1997-I 1997-III 1998-I 1998-III 1999-I 1999-III 2000-I 2000-III 2001-I 2001-III 2002-I 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0% 3.5% 4.0% 4.5% 5.0% Millions of US dollars % of GDP
7. LAC-7 Non-FDI Capital Flows (4 quarters, millions of US dollars and and average in % of GDP) Includes Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, Venezuela -80000 -60000 -40000 -20000 0 20000 40000 60000 1997-I 1997-III 1998-I 1998-III 1999-I 1999-III 2000-I 2000-III 2001-I 2001-III 2002-I -4% -3% -2% -1% 0% 1% 2% Millions of US dollars % of GDP
8. Financial Flows to LAC: Back to the Eigthies? (Billions of real US dollars of May 2002, deflated by US CPI) -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001
9. 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 1997-I 1997-III 1998-I 1998-III 1999-I 1999-III 2000-I 2000-III 2001-I 2001-III 2002-I Total Capital Flows (4 quarters, millions of US dollars)
10. Financial Flows to Emerging Asia: A Panoramic View (Billions of real US dollars of May 2002, deflated by US CPI) -120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001
11. Private Capital Flows to Emerging Asia: A Panoramic View (Billions of real US dollars of May 2002, deflated by US CPI) -70 -20 30 80 130 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001
12. FDI to Emerging Asia: A Panoramic View (Billions of real US dollars of May 2002, deflated by US CPI) -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001
13. Korea: Capital Flows (Total capital flows, 4 quarters) -10000 -8000 -6000 -4000 -2000 0 2000 4000 1996-I 1996-III 1997-I 1997-III 1998-I 1998-III 1999-I 1999-III 2000-I 2000-III 2001-I 2001-III 2002-I -2.5% -2.0% -1.5% -1.0% -0.5% 0.0% 0.5% 1.0% Millions of US dollars % of GDP
14. FDI to Emerging Europe: A Panoramic View (Billions of real US dollars of May 2002, deflated by US CPI) -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
15. Financial Flows to Emerging Europe: A Panoramic View (Billions of real US dollars of May 2002, deflated by US CPI) -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
16. OUTLINE I. Capital Flight in LAC: Back to the Eighties? II. LAC in the Aftermath of External Adjustment: A Triple “Whammy” IV. External Adjustment and Financial Distress: The Case of Brazil V. Argentina’s Public Debt: Yet Another Restructuring? III. External Adjustment, Financial Distress and Outuput Collapses: The Debt Connection
17. LAC-7 Business Cycle: 1997-2002 (s.a. GDP, mean annualized quarterly growth rate) Includes: Argentina Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru and Venezuela Deceleration Recession Recovery Recession? -7% -5% -3% -1% 1% 3% 5% 7% 9% 1997.I 1997.III 1998.I 1998.III 1999.I 1999.III 2000.I 2000.III 2001. I 2001.III 2002.I
18. Business Cycle: 1997-2002 (s.a. GDP, mean annualized quarterly growth rate, excluding Argentina) Deceleration Recession Recovery Recession? -7% -5% -3% -1% 1% 3% 5% 7% 9% 1997.I 1997.III 1998.I 1998.III 1999.I 1999.III 2000.I 2000.III 2001. I 2001.III 2002.I Includes: Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru and Venezuela
19. LAC-7 Business Cycle and Capital Flows (GDP and Non FDI Capital Flows, last four quarters) -3% -2% -1% 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% Mar-96 Sep-96 Mar-97 Sep-97 Mar-98 Sep-98 Mar-99 Sep-99 Mar-00 Sep-00 Mar-01 Sep-01 Mar-02 GDP (yoy % change) -4% -3% -2% -1% 0% 1% 2% Non FDI Capital Flows (% GDP) GDP Non FDI Capital Flows
20. -14000 -12000 -10000 -8000 -6000 -4000 -2000 0 1997-I 1997-III 1998-I 1998-III 1999-I 1999-III 2000-I 2000-III 2001-I 2001-III 2002-I -6% -5% -4% -3% -2% -1% 0% LAC 7: Current Account (4 quarters) Millions of US dollars % of GDP (average) Millions of US dollars % of GDP
21. 4.8 1998.II 200 2 . II Change (1) (2) (2)-(1) Venezuela 2.0 4.1 -2.1 Colombia -1.5 -6.3 Argentina 2.1 6.8 -4.7 Average -4.9 -0.9 4.0 Current Account Balance by Country (4 quarters, % of GDP) Chile -0.9 5.7 -6.6 Peru -1.7 5.2 -6.9 Mexico -2.6 0.4 -3.0 Bra s il -4.1 -3.5 0.6
22. Current Account Adjustment by Country (in percentage of annual imports of 1998.II) -10% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% Mexico Venezuela Chile Brazil Colombia Peru Argentina average
23. Real Exchange Rate by Country (vis-à-vis the US dollar, August 2002 vs. June 1998) 25% 37% 49% 54% 130% 198% -15% -20% 30% 80% 130% 180% México Perú Venezuela Chile Colombia Brazil Argentina
24. 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 1997.I 1997.II 1997.III 1997.IV 1998.I 1998.II 1998.III 1998.IV 1999.I 1999.II 1999.III 1999.IV 2000.I 2000.II 2000.III 2000.IV 2001.I 2001.II 2001.III 2001.IV 2002.I 2002.II -1% 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% External Adjustment and Investment (S.a. investment and annual capital flows) Investment Total Capital Flows Investment (1998.II =100) Total Ca pital Flows (% GDP)
28. Emerging Asia: Current Account (4 quarters) Includes: Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Indonesia and Korea -80000 -60000 -40000 -20000 0 20000 40000 60000 80000 1996-I 1996-III 1997-I 1997-III 1998-I 1998-III 1999-I 1999-III 2000-I 2000-III 2001-I 2001-III 2002-I Millions of US dollars -6% -4% -2% 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% % of GDP (average) Millions of US dollars % of GDP
29. 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 Mar-96 Jul-96 Nov-96 Mar-97 Jul-97 Nov-97 Mar-98 Jul-98 Nov-98 Mar-99 Jul-99 Nov-99 Mar-00 Jul-00 Nov-00 Mar-01 Jul-01 Nov-01 Mar-02 -8% -6% -4% -2% 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% Emerging Asia: External Adjustment and Investment (S.a. investment and annual capital flows) Investment Total Capital Flows Investment (1997.IV =100) Total Ca pital Flows (% GDP)
30. 50 70 90 110 130 150 Jun-97 Sep-97 Dic-97 Mar-98 Jun-98 Sep-98 Dic-98 Mar-99 Jun-99 Sep-99 Dic-99 Mar-00 Jun-00 Sep-00 Dic-00 Mar-01 Jun-01 Sep-01 Dic-01 Mar-02 Jun-02 Emerging Asia: Components of Demand (1997.II =100) Exports Consumption Investment Includes Korea, Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia
33. OUTLINE I. Capital Flight in LAC: Back to the Eighties? II. LAC in the Aftermath of External Adjustment: A Triple “Whammy” IV. External Adjustment and Financial Distress: The Case of Brazil V. Argentina’s Public Debt: Yet Another Restructuring? III. External Adjustment, Financial Distress and Outuput Collapses: The Debt Connection
34. External Adjustment & Financial Distress: The Debt Connection Brazil Chile Argentina Uruguay Financial Mismatches of the Private Sector = High vulnerability = Medium vulnerability = Low vulnerability Financial mismatches of the Public Sector Public Debt to GDP Banking System Exposure to the Public Sector
35. Sudden Stop in Argentina and Chile (Capital flows, last 4 quarters, % of GDP) -1.0% -0.5% 0.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0% 3.5% 4.0% I 98 II 98 III 98 IV 98 I 99 II 99 III 99 IV 99 I 00 II 00 III 00 IV 00 -1% 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% Argentina Chile Argentina Chile
37. Contraction and Recovery: GDP and Investment (s.a., 1998.II=100) GDP Investment 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 1998.II 1998.IV 1999.II 1999.IV 2000.II 2000.IV 2001.II 2001.IV 2002.II 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 1998.II 1998.IV 1999.II 1999.IV 2000.II 2000.IV 2001.II 2001.IV 2002.II Beginning of bank run in Argentina Chile Argentina Chile Argentina
38. Sudden Stop and the Real Exchange Rate Required % change in RER to eliminate the CAD 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 Chile Argentina Source: Calvo, Izquierdo, Talvi (2002) 32.4 46.2 379 178 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 Chile Argentina Relative Openness, 1998 (External Debt to Exports Ratio)
39. Fiscal Sustainability in Argentina after the Sudden Stop in 1998 Debt to GDP ratio (%) Req. Prim. Surplus Adjust. (a) Baseline 36.5 0 .3 (b) Change in Relative Prices to close the CA deficit (RER depreciation of 46,2%) 49.7 0.7 (c) : (b) + 200 BPS Increase in Real Interest Rate 49.7 1.7 (d): (c) + 1% Reduction in GDP growth 49.7 2.2 (e): (d) + Contingent Liabilities 58.6 2.7 Source: Calvo, Izquierdo, Talvi (2002) Note: The observed primary surplus for 1998 was 0.9 percent of GDP. The baseline scenario assumes a long run rate of growth of 3,8% and a 7,1% interest rate 25.6 45.4 66.0 71.7 75.9 Debt Reduction(%)
40.
41. OUTLINE I. Capital Flight in LAC: Back to the Eighties? II. LAC in the Aftermath of External Adjustment: A Triple “Whammy” IV. External Adjustment and Financial Distress: The Case of Brazil V. Argentina’s Public Debt: Yet Another Restructuring? III. External Adjustment, Financial Distress and Outuput Collapses: The Debt Connection
42. -30000 -20000 -10000 0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 1997-I 1997-III 1998-I 1998-III 1999-I 1999-III 2000-I 2000-III 2001-I 2001-III 2002-I -6% -4% -2% 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% % GDP millions of US dollars Capital Flows: A Panoramic View (Excluding IMF disbursements, last 4 quarters)
43. Non FDI Capital Flows: A Panoramic View (Excluding IMF disbursements, last 4 quarters) -10.0% -8.0% -6.0% -4.0% -2.0% 0.0% 2.0% 4.0% 6.0% 1997-I 1997-II 1997-III 1997-IV 1998-I 1998-II 1998-III 1998-IV 1999-I 1999-II 1999-III 1999-IV 2000-I 2000-II 2000-III 2000-IV 2001-I 2001-II 2001-III 2001-IV 2002-I 2002-II -60000 -50000 -40000 -30000 -20000 -10000 0 10000 20000 30000 40000 % GDP millions of US dollars
44. 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 45000 2000-I 2000-II 2000-III 2000-IV 2001-I 2001-II 2001-III 2001-IV 2002-I 2002-II 1.0% 2.0% 3.0% 4.0% 5.0% 6.0% 7.0% 8.0% % GDP millions of US dollars Capital Flows: Recent Developments (Excluding IMF disbursements, last 4 quarters)
45. -15000 -10000 -5000 0 5000 10000 15000 2000-I 2000-II 2000-III 2000-IV 2001-I 2001-II 2001-III 2001-IV 2002-I 2002-II -2.5% -2.0% -1.5% -1.0% -0.5% 0.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% % GDP millions of US dollars Non FDI Capital Flows: Recent Developments (Excluding IMF disbursements, last 4 quarters)
47. Jan- Aug 2001 Jan- Aug 2002 Disbursements Notes and Commercial Papers 5,535 1 ,798 Direct Loans 4,058 1 ,468 Amortizations Notes and Commercial Papers 6,147 4,371 Direct Loans 2,113 2,409 Medium and Long Term External Financing (Private Sector, in millions of US$) Rollover Rate Notes and Commercial Papers 9 0% 4 1 % Direct Loans 1 92 % 61 %
48. FDI Flows: Recent Developments (4 quarters, millions of US dollars and % of GDP ) 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 2000-I 2000-II 2000-III 2000-IV 2001-I 2001-II 2001-III 2001-IV 2002-I 2002-II 2002-III 2002-IV 2.5% 3.0% 3.5% 4.0% 4.5% 5.0% 5.5% 6.0% % GDP Millions of US dollars Official Projections
49. -28000 -26000 -24000 -22000 -20000 -18000 -16000 -14000 -12000 -10000 2000-I 2000-II 2000-III 2000-IV 2001-I 2001-II 2001-III 2001-IV 2002-I 2002-II -5.2% -5.0% -4.8% -4.6% -4.4% -4.2% -4.0% -3.8% -3.6% -3.4% % of GDP Millions of US dollars Current Account Adjustment (4 quarters, millions of US dollars and % of GDP )
57. Public Debt (% of GDP) 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 Ene-00 Mar-00 May-00 Jul-00 Sep-00 Nov-00 Ene-01 Mar-01 May-01 Jul-01 Sep-01 Nov-01 Ene-02 Mar-02 May-02 Jul-02 58.3% of GDP US$ 259 billion at end July XR
58. Public Debt Structure August 2002 Fixed Rate 6% Others 9% External or FX indexed Public Debt 43% Indexed to the Interest Rate 42%
59. Public Debt and the Exchange Rate (Public Debt in % of GDP and XR, Reales per Dollar) 46% 48% 50% 52% 54% 56% 58% 60% 62% 64% Ene-00 Mar-00 May-00 Jul-00 Sep-00 Nov-00 Ene-01 Mar-01 May-01 Jul-01 Sep-01 Nov-01 Ene-02 Mar-02 May-02 Jul-02 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 XR: 3.02 Reales per Dollar Public Debt: 58.3% of GDP
60. Public Debt Dynamics April 2002 Fiscal Impact of: 54.5% 10.9% 3.5% 3.9% Public Debt ( % of GDP ) Interest Rate Growth Rate Primary Balance that stabilizes Debt 10% real depreciation 57.2% 10.9% 3.5% +0.2%
61. Public Debt Dynamics 10% real depreciation 57.2% 10.9% 3.5% +0.2% April 2002 Fiscal Impact of: 54.5% 10.9% 3.5% 3.9% Public Debt ( % of GDP ) Interest Rate Growth Rate Primary Balance that stabilizes Debt 1% increase in the domestic interest rate 54.5% 11.4% 3.5% +0.3%
62. 1% increase in the domestic interest rate 54.5% 11.4% 3.5% +0.3% Public Debt Dynamics 10% real depreciation 57.2% 10.9% 3.5% +0.2% April 2002 Fiscal Impact of: 54.5% 10.9% 3.5% 3.9% Public Debt ( % of GDP ) Interest Rate Growth Rate Primary Balance that stabilizes Debt 1% reduction in the growth rate 54.5% 10.9% 2.5% +0.6%
63.
64. BBPM : Two Period Example V 2 : Market Price of a Risky Bond payable two periods from now . Default Case: Recovery Rate ( R ) No Default Case: Coupon ( c ) Market Price V 2 p 1-p Default Case: Recovery Rate ( R ) No Default Case: Coupon plus Ppal ( 1 +c ) p 1-p p • c + ( 1 p ) • R 1 +i V 2 p 2 • ( 1 + c ) + p • (1 p ) • R (1 +i ) 2
65. Yield Curve of Default Probabilities implied by BBPM 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 2004 2008 2020 2030 Apr. 2002 Sep.2002 Brazil Global Bond Default Probability (1-p) (Recovery value: 25%)
66.
67. 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 2004 2008 2020 2030 Apr. 2002 Sep.2002 Yield Curve of EL’s on Brazilian Bonds Global Bond Expected Loss
68. Net Public Debt Composition (in % of total, August 2002) Domestic 76% External 24%
69. Public Debt Securities by Holder (30 th August, % of total) Banks 37% Investment Funds 32% Other 5% Reserve Requirements 19 % Non-financial private sector 7%
70. Banks’ Exposure to the Public Sector Public Bond Holdings 0% 50% 100% 150% 200% 250% 300% 350% In % of Banks’ Assets In % of Banks’ Net Worth
71. Average Maturity of Outstanding Domestic Debt (issued at auction, in months) 17 19 21 23 25 27 Ene-01 Mar-01 May-01 Jul-01 Sep-01 Nov-01 Ene-02 Mar-02 May-02 Jul-02
72. 02-Jul-02 02-Ago-02 -25000 -20000 -15000 -10000 -5000 0 5000 10000 Ene-02 Feb-02 Mar-02 Abr-02 May-02 Jun-02 Jul-02 Until 28 Aug. The run from Investment Funds to Saving Deposits In millions of R$ Saving Deposits (Caderneta de Poupan ç a) 31 st May: Marking to market of IF’s bonds Net Flows to Investment Funds Since 31 st May: R$ 15.1 billion Since 31 st May: - R$ 51.9 billion 31 st May: Marking to market of IF’s bonds 117000 120000 123000 126000 129000 132000 135000 02-Ene-02 02-Feb-02 02-Mar-02 02-Abr-02 02-May-02 02-Jun-02
74. 60 560 1060 1560 2060 2560 3060 Jul-01 Aug-01 Sep-01 Oct-01 Nov-01 Dec-01 Jan-02 Feb-02 Mar-02 Apr-02 May-02 Jun-02 Jul-02 Aug-02 Sep-02 Oct-02 Bps Brazilian Country Risk ( EMBI+, bps over US Treasuries ) Lula rises In the polls
75. U.S. Corporate Bonds Spreads ( Bps over US Treasuries ) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Jan-01 Mar-01 May-01 Jul-01 Sep-01 Nov-01 Jan-02 Mar-02 May-02 Jul-02 Sep-02 Bps 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 Jan-01 Mar-01 May-01 Jul-01 Sep-01 Nov-01 Jan-02 Mar-02 May-02 Jul-02 Sep-02 Bps 160 190 220 250 280 310 340 370 Jan-01 Mar-01 May-01 Jul-01 Sep-01 Nov-01 Jan-02 Mar-02 May-02 Jul-02 Sep-02 Bps 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 Jan-01 Mar-01 May-01 Jul-01 Sep-01 Nov-01 Jan-02 Mar-02 May-02 Jul-02 Sep-02 Bps AAA BBB A High Yield 9-11 9-11 9-11 9-11 Lula rises In the polls Lula rises In the polls Lula rises In the polls Lula rises In the polls
76. 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 Jul-01 Aug-01 Sep-01 Oct-01 Nov-01 Dec-01 Jan-02 Feb-02 Mar-02 Apr-02 May-02 Jun-02 Jul-02 Aug-02 Sep-02 Oct-02 Bps 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 Jul-01 Aug-01 Sep-01 Oct-01 Nov-01 Dec-01 Jan-02 Feb-02 Mar-02 Apr-02 May-02 Jun-02 Jul-02 Aug-02 Sep-02 Oct-02 Bps 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 Lula Effect? Look Again ( EMBI+ and US corporate bonds, bps over US Treasuries ) A High Yield Brazil Brazil 9-11 9-11 Lula rises In the polls Lula rises In the polls
77. OUTLINE I. Capital Flight in LAC: Back to the Eighties? II. LAC in the Aftermath of External Adjustment: A Triple “Whammy” IV. External Adjustment and Financial Distress: The Case of Brazil V. Argentina’s Public Debt: Yet Another Restructuring? III. External Adjustment, Financial Distress and Outuput Collapses: The Debt Connection
78. Federal Public Debt: Current Status (in millions of US$, June 2002) Federal Government Debt 11 4 , 575 Multilaterals 31, 702 of which IMF 14,355 World Bank 8,708 IADB 8, 606 Guaranteed Loans 18,513 Bonds 50,996 June 02 Dec. 01 1 44,453 42,258 3 2,362 14,776 13,363 55,057 Other 13, 952 9, 673 8, 704 54% of GDP 159% of GDP Note: The reduction of the debt stock since Dec. 2001 is mainly due to the pesoification of domestic debt at 1.4 Pesos per Dollar
79. Federal Public Debt: Contingent Liabilities (in millions of US$, March 2002) Federal Government Debt 11 4 , 575 June 02 Contingent Liabilities Asymetric indexation*** Compensation to Banks Asymetric pesoification * Amparos*** FX insurance to depositors (Canje I and II) and private sector external debtors ** Bond for restitution of 13% salary & pension cut* 28,077 2,609 13,642 9,491 1,542 NQ 825 Federalization of Provincial Debt * Federal Government Debt including contingencies 142,652 * = already recognized ** = partially recognized *** = not yet recognized NQ = not quantified 13,610
80. Federal Government Debt June 2002 Bonds 44% Guaranteed loans 16% Multilaterals 28% Other* 12% Debt Structure In default: US$ 64 billion* * LMW estimate
81.
82. 65% 70% 75% 80% 85% 90% 2008 2010 2027 Yield Curve of EL on Argentina’s External Bonds Global Bond Expected Loss Weighted average Argentina (September 2002)
83. Argentina’s Public Debt After a Hypothetical Restructuring (% of GDP) 127 106 80 67 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 3.8 3.0 2.0 1.5 Equilibrium Real Exchange Rate Debt (%) At current real GDP
84. Argentina’s Interest Payments on Public Debt After a Hypothetical Restructuring (% of GDP) 8.9 7.4 5.6 4.7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 3.8 3.0 2.0 1.5 Equilibrium Real Exchange Rate % At current real GDP
86. Assets of Argentina’s Financial System August 2002 Other net assets 5% Reserves 6% Loans 32% C laims on to the public sector 57% Total assets: ARG$155.800 millions
87. 4,579 -3,812 -5,000 -4,000 -3,000 -2,000 -1,000 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 At Face Value At Market Prices Net Worth of Argentina’s Financial System (August 2002, in millions of US$)
88. -10% -8% -6% -4% -2% 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% IV Trim 94 IV Trim 95 IV Trim 96 IV Trim. 97 IV Trim 98 IV Trim. 99 IV Trim. 00 IV Trim. 01 -35000 -30000 -25000 -20000 -15000 -10000 -5000 0 5000 10000 15000 Capital Flows and Economic Activity Last 4 quarters in US$ millions, cyclical comp. of GDP Private Sector Capital Flows GDP Russian Crisis Financial Crisis
90. Use of Installed Productive Capacity Industrial Sector, s.a. index June 1998=100 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 Jun-98 Sep-98 Dic-98 Mar-99 Jun-99 Sep-99 Dic-99 Mar-00 Jun-00 Sep-00 Dic-00 Mar-01 Jun-01 Sep-01 Dic-01 Mar-02 Jun-02 Financial Crisis Russian Crisis
91. Argentina’s Public Debt After a Hypothetical Restructuring (% of GDP) 127 106 80 67 76 72 65 61 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 3.8 3.0 2.0 1.5 Equilibrium Real Exchange Rate Debt (%) At current real GDP At 2001 real GDP Virtuous scenarios
92. Argentina’s Interest Payments on Public Debt After a Hypothetical Restructuring (% of GDP) 8.9 7.4 5.6 4.7 5.3 5.0 4.6 4.3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 3.8 3.0 2.0 1.5 Equilibrium Real Exchange Rate % At current real GDP At 2001 real GDP Virtuous scenarios
93. Primary Surplus under Alternative Recovery Scenarios (% of GDP) 0.5 4.0 5.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 At Current Revenues Level At 2001 Revenues Level At 1998 Revenues Level