The document provides information on the Islamic concept of Tahaarat or ritual purification. It discusses the importance of cleanliness and purification in Islam, especially as a prerequisite for salah or prayer. There are two types of purification - physical and spiritual. Physical purification involves removal of physical impurities and dirt through use of water, and takes the form of major ablution (ghusl) or minor ablution (wudu). Spiritual purification involves purifying the heart and soul through good deeds and repentance. The document outlines the proper procedures for ghusl and wudu according to the Quran and hadith.

1. 18.08.2008
Tahaarat
Ritual
Purification

2. Tahaarat
Contents and Hyperlinks
Introduction
Tahaarat
The Concept
Najis
The Concept
Ritual Purity
and Cleanliness
The Purifying agent :
Water
Major Ablution
Ghusl
Minor Ablution
Wuzu
Minor Ablution
Tayammum
Tahaarat
Other Applications Conclusion

3. Tahaarat
An Introduction
: Tahaarat :
Literally means
‘cleanliness
and
keeping free of states of impurity’

4. Tahaarat
An Introduction
 Purification particularly centered on the preparation for Salaat
 Tahaarat is rendered invalid by certain acts
 Ritual purification takes the form of ablution,
in a lesser and greater form
depending on necessitating circumstances

5. Tahaarat
The
Concept

6. Quran
Surah al Maida: 6
“O you who believe! When you rise up for prayer, wash you
faces, and your hands up to the elbows, and lightly rub your
heads and (wash) your feet up to the ankles. And if you are
unclean, purify yourselves”

7. Tahaarat
A unique aspect
 Islamic Prayers are unique in that physical purification is a
must
The Prophet saw
said:
"Allah does not accept Prayers without purification"

8. Hadith
Sahih Muslim
The Holy Prophet saw
has stated
“The key to paradise is Salaat,
and the key to salaat is Taharat”

9. Najis
The
Concept

10. Najis
The Concept
 In Islamic law, Najis (Arabic: ) are things or persons regarded
as ritually unclean
 There are two kinds of Najis
The essential Najis, which cannot be cleaned
and unessential Najis, which becomes
Najis by contact

11. Najis
The Concept
 Najis things bring a Muslim into a state of ritual
impurity (najaasat)
 Najaasat requires ritual purification or Tahaarat before
performing any religious duty

12. Najaasah
Impurity
 Najaasat (plural of najaasah) means impurities or defilements
 It is of two types :
 Haqeeqi : Visible impurities, eg urine; faeces; blood, or wine
 Hukmi : Invisible impurities

13. Najaasat
Types
Najaasat
Haqeeqi Hukmi
Najaasat
e
Ghaliza
Najaasat
e
Khafifa
Hadath
e
Asghar
Hadath
e
Akbar
Minor ablution
needed
Major ablution
needed

14. Najaasat
Types
 There are two types of Najaasat e Haqeeqi
 Najaasat e Ghaliza : dense type of Najasat e.g. human stool
and urine etc
 Najaasat e Khafifa : lighter type of Najasat e.g. urine of
Halaal animals etc
 Najaasate Haqeeqi (Ghaliza or Khafifa) on the body or cloth
can be cleaned by washing and squeezing thrice

15. Najaasat
Some examples
Stool Urine Blood
Humans Najaasat e
Ghaliza
Najaasat e
Ghaliza
Najaasat e
Ghaliza
Haraam
animals
Najaasat e
Ghaliza
Najaasat e
Ghaliza
Najaasat e
Ghaliza
Halaal
animals
Najaasat e
Ghaliza
Najaasat e
Khafifa
Najaasat e
Ghaliza
Haraam
birds
Najaasat e
Khafifa
---- Najaasat e
Ghaliza
Halaal
birds Paak
---- Najaasat e
Ghaliza

16. Hadath
The Concept
 Hadath is an impurity of the body of the worshipper
(Unlike najaasat, it has nothing to do with clothes or the place
of prayers)
 There are 2 types of :
minor hadath
and
major hadath

17. Minor Hadath
Hadath e Asghar
 State of ritual impurity which can be removed by minor
ablution (Wuzu)
Results from :
1. Sleeping
2. Flatus or urine
3. Unconsciousness because of fainting or being drunk
4. Touching the opposite sex between marriageable persons
5. Touching genitalia by the inside part of the palm

18. Minor Hadath
Hadath e Asghar
 On awakening one has Hadath
 On coming out from the toilet one has Hadath
 If a man touches his mother or sister or grandmother or aunt,
no Hadath occurs

19. Major Hadath
Hadath e Akbar
A state of major ritual impurity that requires
the greater ablution (ghusl) before one can
 pray,
 stay at the mosque,
 circumambulate the Kaaba,
 touch, carry, or recite the Quran .

20. Major Hadath
Hadath e Akbar
Actions that place one in the state of Hadath e Akbar
 Discharge of mani
 Sexual intercourse with or without ejaculation
(Both states called Janabat)
 Menstruation
 Post natal bleeding

21. Tahaarat
Ritual
Purity
&
Cleanliness

22. Tahaarat
Definition
 The term Tahaarat can be defined as
"freedom from najaasat
and from hadath."

23. Tahaarat
What is it ?
 Observing purity and cleanliness of the body, clothes and
surroundings as per Islamic prescription
Obligatory upon every Muslim
and a prerequisite of Salaat
 Purifying agent is water

Dry ablution possible, called Tayammum

24. Tahaarat
It’s categories
 Of 2 types :
- physical tahaarat
- spiritual or inner tahaarat
 Physical tahaarat achieved by using water to remove a
physical pollution

25. Tahaarat
It’s categories
Spiritual or inner taharah is achieved by :
 cultivating virtues (kindness, helpfulness)
 repentance
 freeing heart of vices (hatred, jealousy)

26. Hadith
Bukhari, Kitab ul Wuzu
The Holy Prophet saw
gave glad tidings that
"On the day of Resurrection, my followers will be called
"Ghurrul Muhajjaleen" the bright armed and bright faced,
from the traces of ablution on them. Therefore, whosoever can
increase the area of his radiance should try to do so by always
performing ablution before the prayers”

27. Tahaarat
It’s value
The Holy Prophet saw
has said :
'purification is half of faith.'
Inner purity (by salaat) is the real aim
but outer purity is a mandatory prerequisite

28. Tahaarat
It’s value
The Holy Prophet saw
has said :
'purification is half of faith.'
 Inner purity (by salaat) is the real aim
but outer purity is a mandatory prerequisite
 Ablution five times a day ensures constant physical purity
 A pure mind in a pure body is the watchword of Islam

29. Tahaarat
It’s importance
 Allah is clean and whosoever loves Him must be clean
(externally as well as internally)
Salaat is contact with Allah &
is unacceptable without cleanliness and purity

30. Hadith
Abu Dawood
The Holy Prophet saw
said
“The angels of mercy do not enter a house in which there is an
image, a dog or a person in a state of greater impurity
(Janabah)”

31. Tahaarat
An expectation
Muslims are expected
to be the cleanest
by performing ablutions
at least five times a day

32. Tahaarat
A ritual ablution
 Ritual ablution mandatory for
- salaat
- touching the Quran
- Haj/ umrah
- Azaan
 Ablution can be
- major or
- minor

33. Ritual ablution
It’s types
Ablution
Major Minor
Ghusl Wuzu Tayammum

34. The Purifying agent
Water

35. Water
The purifying agent
Water used for ablution must be in its natural state
- free from colour
- odourless
- tasteless
- it must be unused

36. Water
Criteria of it’s purity
1. Used water is Mustamal water.
It is Taahir, but Wuzu or Ghusl not allowed with it
2. Water from which a drunk person, cat after eating a living
creature, dogs, pigs or carnivores have drunk is Najis
Water left by a cat (not after eating a mouse etc), cow or
buffalo or hen that eats anything Napaak, crow and other
haraam birds is Makrooh

37. Water
Criteria of it’s purity
3. Left over water of humans & Halaal animals is Taahir
4. Water becomes Najis if Najasat falls in it EXCEPT :

flowing water of river or sea

water stored in large quantity (reservoir or huge tanks)

38. Water
Criteria of it’s purity
5. Stored water covering 21 x 21 feet & deep enough so that a
person can take out water with his hands without baring the
ground, is large quantity of water
Death of animals/birds having flowing blood in water of a
small quantity will make it NAJIS

39. Water
Criteria of it’s purity
6. Big tanks and reservoirs becomes Najis when the taste,
colour or odour of the Najasat becomes apparent
7. Aquatic animals or insects not having flowing blood, e.g.
flies, ants etc do not make water Najis if they die in it

40. Taahir Water
 Wuzu and ghusl is allowed with :-
 1. Rain water
2. Well water
3. Spring, sea or river water
4. Water of melting snow or hail
5. Water of a big tank or pond
 Water left over after drinking by humans, Halaal animals and
Halaal birds

41. Major Ablution
Ghusl

42. Major Ablution
Ghusl
Ghusl mandatory after :
 Discharge of semen
 Intercourse (semen discharged or not)
 Completion of menses
 After childbirth or miscarriage
 Conversion to Islam

43. Ghusl
as per Sunnah
 Niyah for bathing
 First wash hands up to the wrists
 Wash privates
 Then clean any impure area and perform ablution, without
washing the feet. If having a bath on a stand (high area) you may
wash the feet

44. Ghusl
as per Sunnah
 Rub water (like applying oil) on the body to wet it
 Pour water thrice over right shoulder then over left
 Pour water over head thrice
 Then thrice over rest of body

45. Ghusl
as per Sunnah
 Wash feet after moving away from bathing area
 Do not face the Qiblah
 Do not recite any supplications
 Bathe in privacy

46. Ghusl
Some rules
 Performed standing or preferably seated
 Use sufficient water but do not waste
 Abstain from speaking during Ghusl
 Better not to read any Kalimah or Aayat while bathing
 Without Niyah there is no sawab but Ghusl valid
 Niyyah for ghusl :‘I am performing ghusl to become paak’

47. Ghusl
It’s Faraaiz
The 3 Farz acts in ghusl are :
1. Gargling : Water must reach the base of the throat
2. Inhaling water : up to the nose bone
3. Washing the entire body
(water flows over every part of the body, not leaving dry
any spot equal to the breadth of a hair)

48. Ghusl
Sunnahs
The 5 sunnahs in Ghusl are :
1. Washing hands upto the wrists
2. Washing private and unclean parts
3. Niyat of washing off Hukmi Najaasat
4. Wuzu before washing the body
5. Pouring water thrice over entire body

49. Ghusl
Certain Masaail
 Leave head dry if harmful. On recovery, washing the head is
Wajib
 Do not delay in wearing clothes after Ghusl
 Do not remove ointment from a wound during Ghusl.
Pour water over it if it is safe.
 Ghusl precludes need for wuzu

50. Ghusl
Certain Masaail
 Cutting nails & removing hair from armpits, pubic region
before ghusl
- Preferable weekly
- Sinful beyond 40 days
 Ghusl mandatory for Janabat (Hadath e Akbar)
 Ghusl also compulsory after Haiz & Nifaas
(Haiz: maximum period 10 days & Nifaas: bleeding after childbirth.
maximum period 40 days)

51. Cutting the nails
The ideal way
 Start at finger for Shahaadat
 Then cut nails of other 3 fingers (of right hand)
 Continue with small finger of left hand and complete the other
fingers and thumb in sequence
 Lastly, cut nail of the right thumb
(Start cutting toenails of the small toe of right foot and end at small toe of the
left foot)

52. Minor Ablution
Wuzu

53. Minor Ablution
Wuzu & Tayammum
 Minor ablution performed :
- with water, called wuzu
or
- sand or earth, called tayammum
 Wuzu cleanses in a permanent fashion (unless broken)
 Tayammum must be re-performed before each salaat

54. What is Wuzu
 Wuzu in the Shari'ah is :
 Use of Tahir water upon certain body parts
as Allah has prescribed and explained

55. Quran
Surah al Maidah : 6
 Quranic prescription for Wuzu
“O Ye who believe! When ye prepare for prayer, wash your
faces, and your hands (and arms) to the elbows; rub your
heads (with water); and (wash) your feet to the ankles. And if
you are unclean, purify yourselves”

56. Hadith
Sahih Muslim 1/160
 Ibn Umar ra
said :
“Indeed I heard Rasoolullah saw
say:
Allah does not accept Prayer without purification,
nor Sadaqah from illegally attained wealth.”

57. Hadith
Sahih Muslim 1/148
Rasoolullah saw
said
“When the Muslim servant makes wuzu and washes his face
then the sin of everything he looked at with his eye comes
away with the water, or with the last drop of the water, and
when he washes his hands then the sin of everything he
stretched out his hands to comes away with the water, or with
the last drop of the water. And when he washes his feet every
sin which his feet walked towards comes away with the water
or with the last drop of the water - so that he leaves clean
(clear/pure) from sins.”

58. Wuzu
It’s method
 Make Niyah
 Saying Bismillah wash hands up to the wrists
 Use Miswaak

59. WASH BOTH HANDS UPTO
AND INCLUDING
THE WRISTS
RINSE
MOUTH
THRISE

60. Wuzu
It’s method
 Rinse mouth thrice
 Inhale water into nose thrice
(clean nose with little finger of left hand)
 Wash face thrice
(forehead to bottom of chin and from ear to ear)
 Run fingers through beard

61. INHALE WATER
INTO THE NOSE
THRICE AND CLEAN
THE NOSE
WASH THE
ENTIRE FACE
THRICE

62. FROM TOP OF THE FOREHEAD TO BOTTOM OF THE CHIN
AND
FROM EAR TO EAR

63. Wuzu
It’s method
 Wash hands and forearm upto elbows thrice
(right first)
 Masah of entire head

64. WASH HANDS AND FOREARMS
UPTO AND INCLUDING THE
ELBOWS THRICE
(RIGHT FOLLOWED BY LEFT)
MASAH
OF THE
ENTIRE
HEAD

65. CLEAN THE INNER PART
AND BEHIND
THE EARS
WASH BOTH FEET UPTO
AND INCLUDING
THE ANKLES
RIGHT FOLLOWED BY LEFT

66. Wuzu
It’s method
 Use index finger to rub inside ears and thumb for behind the
ears
 Masah of the neck
 Wash feet upto ankles (right first)
 Inserting little finger between toes
 Upon completion recite Kalemah Shahadat
(Hadith : tidings of Paradise for such a person)

67. Aspects of Wuzu
Miswaak
 Miswaak is that which the teeth is brushed with.
 It is also called the Siwaak (plural: Sook)
 Doing Miswaak is Mustahab
 Siwaak is usually got from Araak tree
Hence, a natural toothbrush

68. Aspects of Wuzu
Miswaak
 It is also a form of worship
 The Prophet saw
used siwaak :
- during every wuzu
- before reading the Quran
- before sleeping and on waking
- and whenever the breath changed

69. Hadith
Abu Dawood no. 37
 Abu Hurairah ra
narrates that
Rasoolullah saw
has said :
“If I did not fear to cause hardship to my Ummah,
I would have ordered them to use the siwaak with every wuzu”

70. Hadith
Sahih Bukhari
 Aaishah ra
narrates that
Rasoolullah saw
said
“The siwaak is a means of cleansing the mouth and
pleasing the Lord”

71. Aspects of Wuzu
Masah over socks
 If socks worn after Wuzu, then for 24 hours, Masah over them
is enough, if they have not been taken off
 In journey, one can do Masah over socks for 3 days

72. Wuzu
Four obligatory acts
 Washing face :
(top of forehead to bottom of chin & from ear to ear)
 Washing hands up to elbows
 Masah of one fourth of the head
 Washing feet

73. Wuzu
Sunnahs
 Making an intention (Niyah) for obeying Allah
and for the gaining of reward
 Wuzu while sitting in a clean place
 Saying Bismillah at the beginning
 Washing both hands up to the wrists
 Brushing with Miswaak

74. Wuzu
Sunnahs
 Rinsing the mouth thrice with water
 Rinsing the nose thrice
 Using right hand for inhaling water into the nose
 Cleaning nose with little finger of left hand
 Inserting fingers in spaces between fingers and toes (khilaal)

75. Wuzu
Sunnahs
 Running all fingers through the beard
 Masah of the entire head
 Masah of the ears
 Maintaining proper order of washing different body parts
 Washing three times each body part
 Washing the next body part before the previous one dries

76. Wuzu
Important points
 Washing a part means that at least two drops of water must
have flowed over every spot of it
 All types of ornaments must be removed
and the skin below it washed
 If nail polish present, ablutions cannot be complete

77. Wuzu
It’s nullifiers
Nawaqid of Wuzu are :
 Passage of any waste matter from the body
 Vomiting mouthfuls
 Discharge of blood or pus
 Sleeping while taking support
 Flow of water from an infected eye
 Laughing out loud whilst in Prayer
 Loss of consciousness, or onset of insanity

78. Important point
 Bad odour :
Odour of cigarettes, raw onions, etc.
is offensive to both the Musallies and the Malaa'ikah.
After smoking wash mouth thoroughly before entering the
Masjid

79. Minor Ablution
Tayammum

80. What is Tayammum
 Literally means "aim or purpose"
 In Islamic law, it refers to :
"aiming for or seeking soil to wipe one's face and hands
with the intention of preparing oneself to pray, and so on"

81. Quran
On tayammum
 Surah al Nisaa, verse 43


82. Quran
Surah al Nisaa, verse 43
 The Qur'an says,
"And if you are ill, or on a journey, or one of you comes from
relieving himself, or you have touched women, and you do not
find water, then go to high clean soil and rub your face and
hands (therewith). Lo, Allah is Benign, Forgiving"
(al-Nisaa: 43)

83. Hadith
About tayammum
 The Prophet, upon whom be peace, said,
"All of the earth has been made for me and my nation a pure
place of prayer. Whenever a person from my nation wants to
pray, he has something with which to purify himself, that is,
the earth.“
(Related by Ahmad)

84. Hadith
Sahih al Bukhari
 Tayammum is viewed as a blessing from Allah to the Muslims
The Prophet saw
said :
"I have been given five things that were not given to anyone before
me: I have been made victorious due to fear for a distance of one
month's journey; the earth has been made a place of prayer for me--
wherever and whoever of my nation wants to pray, he may pray; and
the war booty has been made lawful for me, and this was not lawful
for anyone before me. I have been given permission to intercede. The
prophets used to be raised for their own people only, but I have been
raised for all of mankind"

85. Tayammum
It’s conditions
 Scarcity/absence of water
 Accessing water is dangerous
 Illness
 Risk of missing funeral or Eidain salaat (no Qaza)
 Extreme cold
 Risk of missing the plane, train etc
 Danger of missing the Fajr Prayer or Eid Prayers

86. Tayammum
Purifying agents

Items on which tayammum is permitted

Taahir earth

Sand

Stone

Limestone

Baked earthen pots (Unglazed)

Walls of mud, stone or brick

Clay

All items which have thick dust on them

87. Tayammum
It’s method
 Make an intention and say Bismillah (no rings/ nail polish)
 Strike hands on solid earth
 Pass hands over face (run fingers through beard)
 Strike hands again on clean earth
 Masah of right hand upto elbow followed by the left

88. RUB HANDS ON SOLID EARTH PASS HANDS OVER FACE

89. MASAH OF RIGHT ARM UPTO AND INCLUDING ELBOW
AND
COMING DOWN FROM ELBOW TO THE WRIST

90. Tayammum
Obligatory acts
Three acts are obligatory
 Intention (Niyah) whether Tayammum is for ablution or
for bath or both
 Passing palms over entire face
 Passing palms over both arms up to and including the
elbows

91. Tahaarat
Other
Applications

92. Purifying
Impure clothes
 Wash the clothes with soap
 Put them in a bucket
 Pour water until clothes submerged & bucket starts to
overflow
 The flowing water will render the clothes pure

93. Purifying
The ground
Impurities on the ground purified by pouring water over them
 Hadith about the Bedouin who urinated in the mosque.
.
The Prophet saw
said all that need be done for purification was
pouring of water over it
Said Abu Qulabah,
"The drying of the ground is its purification."

94. One who has no means of
Tahaarat
Whoever cannot get water or soil
may pray in whatever state he is in
and
he will not have to repeat his prayer later

95. Hadith
Muslim
 Based on what Muslim related from Hazrat Aishah (ra)
She had borrowed some jewelry from Asma and it broke (and
fell). The Messenger of Allah, upon whom be peace, sent
some people to search for it. The prayer time came and they
had to pray without ablution. When they came to the Prophet,
they complained to him and the verses of tayammum were
revealed. Usaid ibn Huzhair said, "May Allah give you good
recompense. Allah never reveals an order with respect to you
except that He removes by it some hardship and gives the
Muslims some benefit." The companions prayed while in a
state of impurity, but the Prophet did not admonish them nor
did he order them to repeat their prayers.
Says an-Nawawi, "That is the strongest statement of proof (on
this question)."

96. Tahaarat
Conclusion

97. Tahaarat
A part of Iman
 Purification is an inseparable part of faith
"Purification is half of faith"
Sahih al Jami al-Saghir
Hadith No.3957

98. Tahaarat
A part of Iman
 Tahaarat includes both
 moral purification
 where one is free from polytheism, hypocrisy and ill
manners
 physical purification
 means private and public cleanliness

99. Tahaarat
A part of Iman
 A desire for Tahaarat will encourage
physical
mental
spiritual
and social well being