1. Highly Refined Mineral Oil Plasticisers in
Polyolefin-based Hot Melt Adhesives
Dr. Peter Kaali
ASC Spring Convention
29 April 2014, Orlando, FL
2. Outline
Introduction to mineral oils
Composition
Main properties
Types of mineral oils
Studies on mPO based HMA
Plasticiser performance comparison
Effect of oil loading
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5. Main oil properties
General Solvent Power Related
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Viscosity
CA and CN
content
Viscosity Gravity
Constant (VGC)
Aniline Point
Pour Point
Flash Point
Viscosity Index (VI)
Volatility
6. Types of mineral oil plasticisers
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Paraffin content >50%
Naphthenic content <40%
Naphthenic content >40%
Higher Solvent Power Lower Plasticising effect
Higher Glass Transition Temperature Lower Resin reduction
Higher Density Lower Plasticiser loading
Lower Viscosity Index Higher Application temperature
Lower Pour point Higher Low temperature performance
ParaffinicNaphthenic
Property Impact
Aromatic content
is typically 0-15%
7. Comparison of main oil properties
Paraffinic oil
Naphthenic oil
Molecular weight
Viscosity
Flash point
Solvent power
Volatility
Polarity
Solvent power
Viscosity index
Flash point
Pour point
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8. Function of Oil in Adhesives
Main function
Plasticise
Modify rheology Dissolve and
carry the polymer and the resin
Ease flow
Adjust tack, low and high temperature
properties
Maintain good cohesion
Key properties required
High compatibility with the polymer
and the resin
Low volatility
None or low colour and odour
HSE
FDA requirements
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G’
Polymer
Polymer + oil
Temp.
9. Types of adhesives using mineral oil
plasticisers
Hot melts and hot melt pressure
sensitive adhesives
Non-wovens
Tapes and labels
Water and solvent based
Flooring
Sealants
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11. Test outline
Studies
Comparison of plasticiser performance
Effect of oil loading
Diaper construction adhesive formulation
Sample preparation
Spray coated to PE non-woven substrate, optimized spray pattern
Levels of add-on: 2, 3 and 4 grams
Analysis
Melt viscosity
T-peels to polymer
Initial at ambient temperature
Initial tested at 37oC after 4 hours conditioning
Aged for 2 weeks at 49oC and tested at ambient temperature
Shear adhesion failure temperature (SAFT)
Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA)
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28. Conclusions
High compatibility was observed of highly refined naphthenic oils with
mPO type adhesives
The performance of naphthenic oils are similar or better than paraffinics
SAFT was similar for both naphthenics and paraffinics
Higher wetting and modulus observed for naphthenic oils
For most of the formulations naphthenic plasticisers provide additional
value such as:
High solvency and compatibility
Very good flow properties
Improved adhesive properties
Good creep resistance
It is feasible to increase the oil content to 20-25% and decrease the
amount of tackifyer resin
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