This document discusses multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic disease that affects the central nervous system. It explores potential environmental and behavioral factors that may increase risks of developing MS, such as vitamin deficiencies, smoking, and substance abuse during adolescence. The document also examines differences in MS rates between regions and countries, with generally higher rates seen in Northern hemisphere countries compared to some Arab countries. It is suggested that developing public health institutions to promote healthy lifestyles from a young age could help reduce MS prevalence over time.
Definitions, Epidemiology, Etiology, Pathophysiology, Clinical presentation/Clinical features/Signs & Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment: Non pharmacological treatment and Pharmacological treatment. All you need to know about Rheumatoid Arthritis. References. Pharm D 3rd year syllabus.
This document discusses multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). It begins by defining MODS as the failure of multiple organ systems, which may or may not be related to the initial condition requiring intensive care. The document then covers the history and understanding of MODS, risk factors, clinical presentation, and various theories about the pathophysiology and development of MODS, including hypoxia, infection, and systemic inflammatory response. It notes that while these may contribute, the exact causes are not fully known and MODS may develop through different precipitating events culminating in an excessive inflammatory response.
THE MAIN CAUSE AND PREVENTION OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND ITS RELATION TO CANCERbanafsheh61
This document discusses the potential causes of multiple sclerosis (MS) and its relationship to cancer. It introduces the Evolutionary Metabolic Hypothesis of MS, which proposes that MS is caused by an increase in reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species inside cells. This oxidative stress damages mitochondria and leads to inflammation and demyelination in the brain and spinal cord. The document reviews several studies that link mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage to MS. It also discusses how cancer cells revert to an ancient fermentation process instead of using mitochondria, in order to avoid apoptosis. Therefore, both MS and cancer may be caused by mitochondrial damage and the resulting oxidative stress.
This document provides an overview of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It defines SLE as a chronic autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks its own tissues. Common symptoms include issues affecting the skin, joints, kidneys, brain and other organs. It discusses genetic, environmental, immunological and hormonal factors that can contribute to SLE. The document also outlines several autoantibodies associated with SLE, potential pathophysiological mechanisms, common drug treatments including antimalarials, NSAIDs, DMARDS and corticosteroids, and their mechanisms of action. It concludes by discussing hopes for more targeted biologic therapies in the future to better treat SLE.
Relapsing Polychondritis Case: An Important Diagnosis Not to Be Delayedsemualkaira
Relapsing Polychondritis (RP) is a rare disease characterized by
inflammation of cartilage and connective tissues with destructive
episodes. Although the pathogenesis is not completely known,
there is an autoimmunity in which antibodies against mainly type
II collagen play a role. In addition to chondritis of the ear, nose,
and trachea; organs having proteoglycan structure such as eyes,
the inner ear, heart, blood vessels, and kidneys can be affected, too.
Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder. The average incidence is around 10%. The prevalence of the disease is higher in females and ages between 20-50 years. Oxidative stress is an disequilibrium among oxidants and antioxidants. According to many of studies, reactive oxygen species along with decreased antioxidant levels are responsible for rosacea pathogenesis.Rosacea is a long-standing is an inflammatory dermatosis characterized by flare-ups and remissions. Patients apply to the dermatologists with complaints such as telangiectasia, edema, erythema, acneiform eruptions [1,2]. Individuals aged 20-50 years are more commonly affected and the disease is more prevalent in women than in men. The average incidence is around 10% [1,3]. In the previous studies, rosacea is reported to be related to systemic diseases such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension, insulin resistance, metabolic and cardiovascular diseases [4-9]. Its etiology is exactly unknown. Factors involved in the inflammatory proceses are also responsible for the pathogenetic factors in the rosacea. Morever, oxidative stress affects both the onset and the progression of rocasea [1-3].
This review article discusses Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and the role of autophagy and mitophagy, with a focus on microglia. It first provides background on AD as the most common form of dementia. The key hallmarks of AD are amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. Impaired autophagy and mitophagy are also involved in AD pathogenesis. Microglia are immune cells in the brain that normally support neurons but in AD contribute to neuroinflammation. The review discusses evidence that autophagy and mitophagy are impaired in microglia in AD, and that neuroinflammation and impaired degradation pathways interact and form vicious cycles that drive AD
This document discusses multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic disease that affects the central nervous system. It explores potential environmental and behavioral factors that may increase risks of developing MS, such as vitamin deficiencies, smoking, and substance abuse during adolescence. The document also examines differences in MS rates between regions and countries, with generally higher rates seen in Northern hemisphere countries compared to some Arab countries. It is suggested that developing public health institutions to promote healthy lifestyles from a young age could help reduce MS prevalence over time.
Definitions, Epidemiology, Etiology, Pathophysiology, Clinical presentation/Clinical features/Signs & Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment: Non pharmacological treatment and Pharmacological treatment. All you need to know about Rheumatoid Arthritis. References. Pharm D 3rd year syllabus.
This document discusses multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). It begins by defining MODS as the failure of multiple organ systems, which may or may not be related to the initial condition requiring intensive care. The document then covers the history and understanding of MODS, risk factors, clinical presentation, and various theories about the pathophysiology and development of MODS, including hypoxia, infection, and systemic inflammatory response. It notes that while these may contribute, the exact causes are not fully known and MODS may develop through different precipitating events culminating in an excessive inflammatory response.
THE MAIN CAUSE AND PREVENTION OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND ITS RELATION TO CANCERbanafsheh61
This document discusses the potential causes of multiple sclerosis (MS) and its relationship to cancer. It introduces the Evolutionary Metabolic Hypothesis of MS, which proposes that MS is caused by an increase in reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species inside cells. This oxidative stress damages mitochondria and leads to inflammation and demyelination in the brain and spinal cord. The document reviews several studies that link mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage to MS. It also discusses how cancer cells revert to an ancient fermentation process instead of using mitochondria, in order to avoid apoptosis. Therefore, both MS and cancer may be caused by mitochondrial damage and the resulting oxidative stress.
This document provides an overview of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It defines SLE as a chronic autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks its own tissues. Common symptoms include issues affecting the skin, joints, kidneys, brain and other organs. It discusses genetic, environmental, immunological and hormonal factors that can contribute to SLE. The document also outlines several autoantibodies associated with SLE, potential pathophysiological mechanisms, common drug treatments including antimalarials, NSAIDs, DMARDS and corticosteroids, and their mechanisms of action. It concludes by discussing hopes for more targeted biologic therapies in the future to better treat SLE.
Relapsing Polychondritis Case: An Important Diagnosis Not to Be Delayedsemualkaira
Relapsing Polychondritis (RP) is a rare disease characterized by
inflammation of cartilage and connective tissues with destructive
episodes. Although the pathogenesis is not completely known,
there is an autoimmunity in which antibodies against mainly type
II collagen play a role. In addition to chondritis of the ear, nose,
and trachea; organs having proteoglycan structure such as eyes,
the inner ear, heart, blood vessels, and kidneys can be affected, too.
Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder. The average incidence is around 10%. The prevalence of the disease is higher in females and ages between 20-50 years. Oxidative stress is an disequilibrium among oxidants and antioxidants. According to many of studies, reactive oxygen species along with decreased antioxidant levels are responsible for rosacea pathogenesis.Rosacea is a long-standing is an inflammatory dermatosis characterized by flare-ups and remissions. Patients apply to the dermatologists with complaints such as telangiectasia, edema, erythema, acneiform eruptions [1,2]. Individuals aged 20-50 years are more commonly affected and the disease is more prevalent in women than in men. The average incidence is around 10% [1,3]. In the previous studies, rosacea is reported to be related to systemic diseases such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension, insulin resistance, metabolic and cardiovascular diseases [4-9]. Its etiology is exactly unknown. Factors involved in the inflammatory proceses are also responsible for the pathogenetic factors in the rosacea. Morever, oxidative stress affects both the onset and the progression of rocasea [1-3].
This review article discusses Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and the role of autophagy and mitophagy, with a focus on microglia. It first provides background on AD as the most common form of dementia. The key hallmarks of AD are amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. Impaired autophagy and mitophagy are also involved in AD pathogenesis. Microglia are immune cells in the brain that normally support neurons but in AD contribute to neuroinflammation. The review discusses evidence that autophagy and mitophagy are impaired in microglia in AD, and that neuroinflammation and impaired degradation pathways interact and form vicious cycles that drive AD
The document discusses rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of the joints. It begins by defining RA and noting its prevalence. The etiology is unknown but involves genetic and environmental factors. The pathophysiology involves the immune system attacking the synovial tissue lining joints. Clinical features include symmetric joint pain and stiffness. Diagnosis involves evaluating symptoms, labs like rheumatoid factor, and imaging. Treatment aims to reduce inflammation and joint damage through medications like NSAIDs, DMARDs, corticosteroids, and biologics. Lifestyle changes like exercise and nutrition can also help manage symptoms.
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that causes chronic inflammation of the joints and surrounding tissues. It can affect multiple organs and is considered a systemic illness. The cause is unknown but is believed to involve genetic susceptibility and environmental triggers activating an immune response. Treatment involves medications to reduce inflammation and slow joint damage, physical therapy, exercise and lifestyle changes, and sometimes surgery. The goals are to relieve pain, reduce inflammation, prevent further joint damage, and improve quality of life.
This document summarizes research on novel topical drug carriers for the treatment of psoriasis. Liposomes, nanostructured lipid carriers, and other novel carriers can help deliver antipsoriatic drugs to the skin in a site-specific manner, improving drug solubilization and bioavailability. These carriers have advantages over traditional topical therapies by reducing side effects and increasing efficacy. Recent studies have investigated liposomes, deformable liposomes, and vesicular gels for delivering drugs like calcipotriol, methotrexate, and tacrolimus to treat psoriasis.
This document discusses sepsis case studies and the importance of timely diagnosis and treatment of sepsis. It defines sepsis and its criteria according to SIRS (Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome). Early diagnosis is important as each hour of delayed treatment can increase mortality rates by 5-10%. While microbiological cultures are traditionally used for definitive diagnosis, they can take 48-72 hours for results. Biomarkers like PCT and CRP can provide faster results and guide early empiric therapy.
This document summarizes the chronic effects of low-dose mercury exposure from various sources. It discusses how mercury exposure can come from dental amalgams, certain fish, and some vaccines. Mercury is a persistent neurotoxin that is difficult to detect and can accumulate in the body over time, potentially contributing to numerous chronic health problems. The developing brains of fetuses and young children are especially vulnerable. While health authorities say mercury exposure from some sources is safe, evidence suggests that even low-level exposures can harm susceptible individuals.
This document proposes a public health intervention strategy called the Behavioral Psychology Approach to Eradicating Lyme Disease Intervention (BPAELD) to reduce Lyme disease incidence among residents of Connecticut. The strategy targets individuals who enjoy outdoor activities as Connecticut has a high Lyme disease rate. Objectives include decreasing Lyme disease incidence 20% within 4 years and increasing protective behaviors like tick repellent use and self-checks through educational interventions incorporating behavioral theory. The intervention innovates by addressing low adoption of preventive behaviors as the primary reason for rising Lyme disease incidence despite effective prevention strategies.
PERIODONTAL MEDICINE 1.pptx DIABETES DIABENitika588942
The term periodontal medicine, as first suggested by Offenbacher, that defines a rapidly emerging branch of periodontology focusing on the wealth of new data establishing a strong relationship between periodontal health or disease and systemic health or disease.
This means a two-way relationship in which periodontal disease in an individual may be a powerful influence on an individual’s systemic health or disease as well as the more customarily understood role that systemic disease may have in influencing an individual’s periodontal health or disease.It would be new diagnostic and treatment strategies that recognize the relationship between periodontal disease and systemic disease.
William Hunter, attesting to the influence of oral sepsis on systemic health and disease.
Recently scientists and clinicians have begun to provide an increasing body of scientific evidence suggesting that moderate untreated periodontitis may affect an individual systemically, and may contribute to cardiovascular disease, diabetes and pre-term low birth weight.This is important new information indeed. It appears that not just teeth are at stake in maintaining good oral health.
Rather, oral health is an important component of general health, and individuals with periodontitis may be at risk for other diseases as well.
Evidence has also shed light on the converse side of the relationship between systemic health and oral health: the potential effects of inflammatory periodontal diseases on a wide range of organ systems.Pathogenesis of periodontitis has changed remarkably over last 30 years.
The non-specific accumulation of bacterial plaque was once thought to be the cause of periodontal destruction, but it is now recognized that periodontitis is an infectious disease associated with a small number of predominantly gram-negative microorganisms that exist in a subgingival biofilm.
Furthermore, the importance of the host in disease initiation and progression is clearly recognized.
Although pathogenic bacteria are necessary for periodontal disease, they are not sufficient alone to cause the disease.
A susceptible host is also imperative. In a host who has relatively low susceptibility to disease, bacterial pathogens may have no clinical effect.
This may be due to a particularly effective host immunoinflammatory response that eliminates pathogenic organisms while minimizing destruction of native tissues.
Conversely, in a host with relatively high disease susceptibility, marked destruction of periodontal tissues may result.Acc. To William Hunter in 1900,
Oral microorganism- responsible for systemic conditions
Restoration instead of extraction, trapping of infectious agents
Gingivitis & periodontitis- foci of infection .Acc. To William Hunter in 1900,
Oral microorganism- responsible for systemic conditions
Restoration instead of extraction, trapping of infectious agents
Gingivitis & periodontitis- foci of infection
Acc. To William Hunter in 1900,
Oral microorganism
This document summarizes information about rheumatoid arthritis (RA), including its risk factors, potential treatments, and the drug methotrexate. RA is an autoimmune disease that affects about 0.5% of adults worldwide and predominantly impacts women. Genetic and environmental factors are thought to trigger RA. Methotrexate is currently considered the primary treatment for RA and is administered to around 70% of patients with the disease. The document also outlines a three-phase treatment plan for RA and discusses the use of methotrexate both orally and via injection.
Give five presentation tips used when doing presentationDQ-1.docxgilbertkpeters11344
Give five presentation tips used when doing presentation
DQ-1
Impetigo is a disease characterized by superficial infection of the skin that begins as small vesicles. These vesicles rupture and for crust. The crust is honey colored with a presentation of bullous or non-bullous. The risk factors in developing impetigo are being exposed to humind environment , insect bites, minor cuts and poor hygiene. Non-bullous vesicles are 1 to 2mm in diameter that rupture and form a honey colored crust. These wound often time weep and present as red colored shallow ulcerations. These are common on the patients mouth, face, nose,eyes. They can arise from insect bites or trauma. Bullous type most common in newborn babies presented on their diaper area or neck folds. These infections if left untreated may become systemin infections such as sepsis (Moes-Wójtowicz, Wachnicka-Bąk, Agnieszka Opałka,Kalicki, Jung,2015). These vesicles are fluid filled blisters that become limp and then burst open. Upon assessment of the patient history and chief complaint I will assess for risks mentioned above and see if the patient has any of these risks. Second, I will identify if the vesicles are as described above. If the patient meets criteria, I will then swab the area for culture. These skin conditions often are associated with bacterial infections such as in group Strep infections (Corredor-Osorio,Corredor-Osorio,Corredor-Osorio, 2016). Differential diagnosis consists of herpes simplex, insect bites and dermatitis. The treatment for this are topic antibiotics and frequently washing of the area that is infected. In severe cases systeming antibitics may be required for this infection. Children that are infected may not return to school until infection is controlled.
Corredor-Osorio, R., Corredor-Osorio, M., & Corredor-Osorio, A. (2016). Eyelid nonbullous impetigo. Our Dermatology Online / Nasza Dermatologia Online, 7(3), 291–293. https://doi.org/10.7241/ourd.20163.78
Alicja Moes-Wójtowicz, Anna Wachnicka-Bąk, Agnieszka Lipińska-Opałka, Bolesław Kalicki, & Anna Jung. (2015). Impetigo asacause of sepsis ininfants. Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna, 11(2), 220–226. https://doi.org/10.15557/PiMR.2015.0021
DQ-2
Basal cell carcinoma
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common malignant epithelial neoplasm skin cancer worldwide (Liu, Liu, & Bian, 2020). Risk factors include gender, age, immunosuppression, chemicals (arsenic), and ultraviolet light exposure. BCC is more prevalent in Caucasian males, typically, after the age of 40 years, and develops slowly in exposed areas of the body, such as the scalp, face, ears, neck, and trunk (Liu et al., 2020). Ultraviolet radiation exposure is the most common cause of BCC. There are various presentations of BCC. Typically, nodular BCC presents as a pearly, translucent nodule with a firm elevated border, visible telangiectatic vessels, and a depressed center with or without ulceration (Balaji, Duraisamy, & Kumar, 2019). Other BCCs can incl.
The main cause and prevention of multiple sclerosis and its relation to cancerbanafsheh61
This document summarizes a research paper on the Evolutionary Metabolic Hypothesis of Multiple Sclerosis (EMHMS). It was authored by Somayeh Zaminpira and Sorush Niknamian from the University of Cambridge. The paper proposes that multiple factors may cause MS, including viral infections, oxidative stress, lack of sunlight exposure, and increased inflammation. It finds that environmental temperature and proximity to the equator are important factors, with higher rates of MS and cancer seen in populations farther from the equator like Australia. The paper argues that mitochondrial dysfunction leading to increased reactive oxygen species is a likely primary cause of MS and cancer.
This document provides guidelines for the diagnosis and management of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). It outlines the definition, epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, symptoms, examination findings, investigations, management, complications and prognosis. Key points include that anti-fas drugs may be promising treatments and steroids are still controversial. Management involves supportive care, stopping causative medications, and intravenous immunoglobulin may improve survival. Complications can include infections, ocular issues, strictures and death.
This paper continues the authors investigation into AD. We find that hydrogen peroxide appears to be the culprit in attacking the Papez circuit, especially in women. Familiarity with AT Math is assumed.
Mucocutaneous Involvement in Behcets Diseasenavasreni
Behçet’s disease is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by its clinical polymorphism associating mucocutaneous involvement to systemic manifestations. The mucocutaneous lesions are considered the hallmark of the disease, being the most common symptoms presenting at the onset of disease. Our objective was to determine the characteristics of this skin involvement during Behçet’s disease. We conducted a descriptive study over a period of 30 years, having collected all patients with Behçet’s disease.
Eosinophilic Enterocolitis: A Rare Nosological Entitynavasreni
Eosinophilic enterocolitis is an exceptionally rare disease with few cases described in the literature. It is the least frequent manifestation of the broad spectrum of gastrointestinal eosinophilic diseases. We describe a case of a female patient presenting with a form of the disease manifested by Koenig’s syndrome and diarrhea.
This paper provides some simple calculations from AT Math and Physics on how stuttering may occur. We see that adrenaline affects the frequency of the human mind resulting in a nerve signal velocity that is too slow for the tongue muscle to respond, thus no clear speech.
Ethics Review Preparedness During COVID-19 Outbreak and Local IRBs in Pakista...navasreni
Current COVID-19 outbreak has shaken almost all aspects of health. Pakistan is lower middle income
country where health system is fragmented due to chronic state of underinvestment in health. Provision
of basic health care during the current COVID-19 outbreak remains daunting task. Ethics and
regulatory systems are not fully mature [1]
Dynamics of the COVID-19 Comparison between the Theoretical Predictions and t...navasreni
A new coronavirus disease, called COVID-19, appeared in the Chinese region of Wuhan at the end of
last year; since then the virus spread to other countries, including most of Europe. We propose a
differential equation governing the evolution of the COVID-19.
A 51-year-old man presented with abdominal pain and cessation of bowel movements for three days. Imaging showed pneumoperitoneum and distension of the small intestine upstream of a large mass. Exploratory laparotomy revealed gas cysts in the small intestine and a volvulus. Resection of the affected small intestine segment showed intestinal cystic pneumatosis. Intestinal cystic pneumatosis is a rare condition characterized by gas-filled cysts in the intestinal wall. It is usually mild but can cause complications like volvulus requiring surgery. Treatment is typically medical but surgery is needed for complicated cases.
Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia: Literature Review and Clinical Studynavasreni
AbstractPontocerebellar Hypoplasia (PCH) refers to a group of rare, progressive, and hereditary neurode- generative disorders with prenatal onset. Different subtypes have been identified based on the mu- tations present, and all share common characteristics, such as severe cognitive, linguistic, and motor disabilities.
Aorto-Esophageal Fistula and Metallic Stentnavasreni
Esophageal metallic stents are indicated in the palliative treatment of malignant dysphagia [1]. The ones usually used are covered or partially covered. They have a low mortality rate directly asso- ciated (0.5-2%) [2]. As with any endoscopic therapeutic procedure, it can get complicated.
A Mild form of Familial Mediterranean Fever Associated with a Polymorphisms C...navasreni
This case report describes a patient with a mild form of familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) associated with a polymorphism in the MEFV gene. The patient experienced recurrent fever episodes accompanied by mild skin rashes and joint pain. Genetic testing identified a c.1588-69G>A polymorphism in intron 5 of the MEFV gene. The patient responded well to treatment with corticosteroids and colchicine, though had to discontinue colchicine due to side effects. The polymorphism is not rare and has been found in healthy subjects, suggesting it is associated with a milder form of FMF that requires other triggers to induce symptoms.
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The document discusses rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of the joints. It begins by defining RA and noting its prevalence. The etiology is unknown but involves genetic and environmental factors. The pathophysiology involves the immune system attacking the synovial tissue lining joints. Clinical features include symmetric joint pain and stiffness. Diagnosis involves evaluating symptoms, labs like rheumatoid factor, and imaging. Treatment aims to reduce inflammation and joint damage through medications like NSAIDs, DMARDs, corticosteroids, and biologics. Lifestyle changes like exercise and nutrition can also help manage symptoms.
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that causes chronic inflammation of the joints and surrounding tissues. It can affect multiple organs and is considered a systemic illness. The cause is unknown but is believed to involve genetic susceptibility and environmental triggers activating an immune response. Treatment involves medications to reduce inflammation and slow joint damage, physical therapy, exercise and lifestyle changes, and sometimes surgery. The goals are to relieve pain, reduce inflammation, prevent further joint damage, and improve quality of life.
This document summarizes research on novel topical drug carriers for the treatment of psoriasis. Liposomes, nanostructured lipid carriers, and other novel carriers can help deliver antipsoriatic drugs to the skin in a site-specific manner, improving drug solubilization and bioavailability. These carriers have advantages over traditional topical therapies by reducing side effects and increasing efficacy. Recent studies have investigated liposomes, deformable liposomes, and vesicular gels for delivering drugs like calcipotriol, methotrexate, and tacrolimus to treat psoriasis.
This document discusses sepsis case studies and the importance of timely diagnosis and treatment of sepsis. It defines sepsis and its criteria according to SIRS (Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome). Early diagnosis is important as each hour of delayed treatment can increase mortality rates by 5-10%. While microbiological cultures are traditionally used for definitive diagnosis, they can take 48-72 hours for results. Biomarkers like PCT and CRP can provide faster results and guide early empiric therapy.
This document summarizes the chronic effects of low-dose mercury exposure from various sources. It discusses how mercury exposure can come from dental amalgams, certain fish, and some vaccines. Mercury is a persistent neurotoxin that is difficult to detect and can accumulate in the body over time, potentially contributing to numerous chronic health problems. The developing brains of fetuses and young children are especially vulnerable. While health authorities say mercury exposure from some sources is safe, evidence suggests that even low-level exposures can harm susceptible individuals.
This document proposes a public health intervention strategy called the Behavioral Psychology Approach to Eradicating Lyme Disease Intervention (BPAELD) to reduce Lyme disease incidence among residents of Connecticut. The strategy targets individuals who enjoy outdoor activities as Connecticut has a high Lyme disease rate. Objectives include decreasing Lyme disease incidence 20% within 4 years and increasing protective behaviors like tick repellent use and self-checks through educational interventions incorporating behavioral theory. The intervention innovates by addressing low adoption of preventive behaviors as the primary reason for rising Lyme disease incidence despite effective prevention strategies.
PERIODONTAL MEDICINE 1.pptx DIABETES DIABENitika588942
The term periodontal medicine, as first suggested by Offenbacher, that defines a rapidly emerging branch of periodontology focusing on the wealth of new data establishing a strong relationship between periodontal health or disease and systemic health or disease.
This means a two-way relationship in which periodontal disease in an individual may be a powerful influence on an individual’s systemic health or disease as well as the more customarily understood role that systemic disease may have in influencing an individual’s periodontal health or disease.It would be new diagnostic and treatment strategies that recognize the relationship between periodontal disease and systemic disease.
William Hunter, attesting to the influence of oral sepsis on systemic health and disease.
Recently scientists and clinicians have begun to provide an increasing body of scientific evidence suggesting that moderate untreated periodontitis may affect an individual systemically, and may contribute to cardiovascular disease, diabetes and pre-term low birth weight.This is important new information indeed. It appears that not just teeth are at stake in maintaining good oral health.
Rather, oral health is an important component of general health, and individuals with periodontitis may be at risk for other diseases as well.
Evidence has also shed light on the converse side of the relationship between systemic health and oral health: the potential effects of inflammatory periodontal diseases on a wide range of organ systems.Pathogenesis of periodontitis has changed remarkably over last 30 years.
The non-specific accumulation of bacterial plaque was once thought to be the cause of periodontal destruction, but it is now recognized that periodontitis is an infectious disease associated with a small number of predominantly gram-negative microorganisms that exist in a subgingival biofilm.
Furthermore, the importance of the host in disease initiation and progression is clearly recognized.
Although pathogenic bacteria are necessary for periodontal disease, they are not sufficient alone to cause the disease.
A susceptible host is also imperative. In a host who has relatively low susceptibility to disease, bacterial pathogens may have no clinical effect.
This may be due to a particularly effective host immunoinflammatory response that eliminates pathogenic organisms while minimizing destruction of native tissues.
Conversely, in a host with relatively high disease susceptibility, marked destruction of periodontal tissues may result.Acc. To William Hunter in 1900,
Oral microorganism- responsible for systemic conditions
Restoration instead of extraction, trapping of infectious agents
Gingivitis & periodontitis- foci of infection .Acc. To William Hunter in 1900,
Oral microorganism- responsible for systemic conditions
Restoration instead of extraction, trapping of infectious agents
Gingivitis & periodontitis- foci of infection
Acc. To William Hunter in 1900,
Oral microorganism
This document summarizes information about rheumatoid arthritis (RA), including its risk factors, potential treatments, and the drug methotrexate. RA is an autoimmune disease that affects about 0.5% of adults worldwide and predominantly impacts women. Genetic and environmental factors are thought to trigger RA. Methotrexate is currently considered the primary treatment for RA and is administered to around 70% of patients with the disease. The document also outlines a three-phase treatment plan for RA and discusses the use of methotrexate both orally and via injection.
Give five presentation tips used when doing presentationDQ-1.docxgilbertkpeters11344
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Impetigo is a disease characterized by superficial infection of the skin that begins as small vesicles. These vesicles rupture and for crust. The crust is honey colored with a presentation of bullous or non-bullous. The risk factors in developing impetigo are being exposed to humind environment , insect bites, minor cuts and poor hygiene. Non-bullous vesicles are 1 to 2mm in diameter that rupture and form a honey colored crust. These wound often time weep and present as red colored shallow ulcerations. These are common on the patients mouth, face, nose,eyes. They can arise from insect bites or trauma. Bullous type most common in newborn babies presented on their diaper area or neck folds. These infections if left untreated may become systemin infections such as sepsis (Moes-Wójtowicz, Wachnicka-Bąk, Agnieszka Opałka,Kalicki, Jung,2015). These vesicles are fluid filled blisters that become limp and then burst open. Upon assessment of the patient history and chief complaint I will assess for risks mentioned above and see if the patient has any of these risks. Second, I will identify if the vesicles are as described above. If the patient meets criteria, I will then swab the area for culture. These skin conditions often are associated with bacterial infections such as in group Strep infections (Corredor-Osorio,Corredor-Osorio,Corredor-Osorio, 2016). Differential diagnosis consists of herpes simplex, insect bites and dermatitis. The treatment for this are topic antibiotics and frequently washing of the area that is infected. In severe cases systeming antibitics may be required for this infection. Children that are infected may not return to school until infection is controlled.
Corredor-Osorio, R., Corredor-Osorio, M., & Corredor-Osorio, A. (2016). Eyelid nonbullous impetigo. Our Dermatology Online / Nasza Dermatologia Online, 7(3), 291–293. https://doi.org/10.7241/ourd.20163.78
Alicja Moes-Wójtowicz, Anna Wachnicka-Bąk, Agnieszka Lipińska-Opałka, Bolesław Kalicki, & Anna Jung. (2015). Impetigo asacause of sepsis ininfants. Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna, 11(2), 220–226. https://doi.org/10.15557/PiMR.2015.0021
DQ-2
Basal cell carcinoma
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common malignant epithelial neoplasm skin cancer worldwide (Liu, Liu, & Bian, 2020). Risk factors include gender, age, immunosuppression, chemicals (arsenic), and ultraviolet light exposure. BCC is more prevalent in Caucasian males, typically, after the age of 40 years, and develops slowly in exposed areas of the body, such as the scalp, face, ears, neck, and trunk (Liu et al., 2020). Ultraviolet radiation exposure is the most common cause of BCC. There are various presentations of BCC. Typically, nodular BCC presents as a pearly, translucent nodule with a firm elevated border, visible telangiectatic vessels, and a depressed center with or without ulceration (Balaji, Duraisamy, & Kumar, 2019). Other BCCs can incl.
The main cause and prevention of multiple sclerosis and its relation to cancerbanafsheh61
This document summarizes a research paper on the Evolutionary Metabolic Hypothesis of Multiple Sclerosis (EMHMS). It was authored by Somayeh Zaminpira and Sorush Niknamian from the University of Cambridge. The paper proposes that multiple factors may cause MS, including viral infections, oxidative stress, lack of sunlight exposure, and increased inflammation. It finds that environmental temperature and proximity to the equator are important factors, with higher rates of MS and cancer seen in populations farther from the equator like Australia. The paper argues that mitochondrial dysfunction leading to increased reactive oxygen species is a likely primary cause of MS and cancer.
This document provides guidelines for the diagnosis and management of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). It outlines the definition, epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, symptoms, examination findings, investigations, management, complications and prognosis. Key points include that anti-fas drugs may be promising treatments and steroids are still controversial. Management involves supportive care, stopping causative medications, and intravenous immunoglobulin may improve survival. Complications can include infections, ocular issues, strictures and death.
Similar to Systemic Sclerosis Associated with Occupational Exposure to Solvents (12)
This paper continues the authors investigation into AD. We find that hydrogen peroxide appears to be the culprit in attacking the Papez circuit, especially in women. Familiarity with AT Math is assumed.
Mucocutaneous Involvement in Behcets Diseasenavasreni
Behçet’s disease is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by its clinical polymorphism associating mucocutaneous involvement to systemic manifestations. The mucocutaneous lesions are considered the hallmark of the disease, being the most common symptoms presenting at the onset of disease. Our objective was to determine the characteristics of this skin involvement during Behçet’s disease. We conducted a descriptive study over a period of 30 years, having collected all patients with Behçet’s disease.
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Systemic Sclerosis Associated with Occupational Exposure to Solvents
1. Annals of Clinical and Medical
Case Reports
Case Report
Systemic Sclerosis Associated with Occupational Exposure to Sol-
vents
Lise MLZ1*
1
Dermatology Department of São Lucas Hospital of Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
Volume 3 Issue 1- 2020
Received Date: 08 Feb 2020
Accepted Date: 29 Feb 2020
Published Date: 05 Mar 2020
2. Key words
Scleroderma- Solvents- Sclero-
derma; Systemic- Occupation-
al Disease
1. Abstract
1.1. Background: Systemic Sclerosis (SS) is a rare multisystemic disorder with changes in the im-
mune system, vascular and connective tissue. Furthermore, there is an increase in the synthesis and
accumulation of collagen and extracellular matrix components in the skin and internal organs, with
repercussions on the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, heart and kidneys. SS occurs in susceptible individ-
uals and is triggered by poorly understood factors. There is evidence of genetic susceptibility, however
studies show under 5% of agreement between monozygotic twins, pointing that environmental factors
play a role in this immunological dysregulation. Since 1950 there have been reports of occupational
risk factors in SS development, such as infectious agents, neoplasms, exposure to vinyl, silica, metals
and solvents.
1.2. Methods: We report a case of a young man who developed SS after working for more than 15
years exposed to various solvents.
1.3. Results: The mechanism by which solvents act in the pathogenesis of SS remains unclear.
1.4. Conclusions: It is likely that many occupational SS have not had the causal relationship recog-
nized, thus, probably a review of the occupational exposures would lead to a greater identification
of the environmental relation to SS, with a better knowledge of the toxic agents involved in its onset
leading to the exclusion of these substances from the professional environment.
*Corresponding Author (s): Michelle Larissa Zini Lise. Av. Soledade, 569/912, Porto Alegre, Rio
Grande do Sul, 90470-340, Brazil, Tel: +5551984273576 Fax: +555130135274; E-mail: dramiz-
ini@yahoo.com.br
http://www.acmcasereport.com/
Citation: Lise MLZ, Systemic Sclerosis Associated with Occupational Exposure to Solvents. Annals of Clin-
ical and Medical Case Reports. 2020; 3(1): 1-4.
3. Introduction
Systemic Sclerosis (SS) is a rare multisystemic disorder with chang-
es in the immune system, vascular and connective tissue. There is
presence of autoantibodies, CD4 + perivascular inflammatory in-
filtrate, increased expression of adhesion molecules in vessels and
interstitium; alteration of microvasculature with endothelial dam-
age, reduction of capillaries and arterial thickening, producing an
obstructive vasculopathy. Furthermore, there is an increase in the
synthesis and accumulation of collagen and extracellular matrix
components in the skin and internal organs, with repercussions on
the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, heart and kidneys [1, 2]. The pro-
gression of the disease is variable requiring sequential and simulta-
neous dysfunction of various regulatory mechanisms.
The incidence of SS is 4.5 to 18.7 new cases per million inhabitants
in Europe and the United States [3].
Since 1950 there have been reports of occupational risk factors in
SS development [1]. Epidemiological evidence of several environ-
mental risk factors has already been analyzed [1], such as infec-
tious agents, neoplasms, exposure to vinyl, silica, metals and sol-
vents [4].
These exposures are often of long duration and the degree of ex-
posure is related to a greater risk of developing the disease [1]. The
most recognized occupational exposure associated to SS is solvents
[2].
There is no pathognomonic test for SS and the idiopathic and occu-
pational diseases are indistinguishable clinically, serologically and
immunologically [5].
Discontinuation of exposure to the agent may stabilize the disease
progression and lead to an improvement in the clinical picture 5.
3. http://www.acmcasereport.com/ 3
Volume 3 Issue 1 -2020 Case Report
derstood factors [9]. Prevalence ranges from 50 to 300 per million
depending on the population studied [7]. Patients with systemic
disease present great clinical variation, although almost all have
Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) and esophageal dysmotility, up to
80% present pulmonary arterial hypertension; cardiac impairment;
interstitial lung disease; inflammatory arthritis and digital ulcers
[1, 6].
A variety of studies have shown evidence of the genetic contribu-
tion to the susceptibility and expression of the disease. The risk
in first-degree relatives with SS showed to be increased. However,
since studies show under 5% of agreement between monozygotic
twins, the mechanism by which these autoantigens are triggered
suggests that environmental factors play a role in this immunologi-
cal dysregulation 3;10 and may include, among other things, eating
habits, exposure to chemical agents, hygiene conditions, smoking
and sun exposure [1, 11].
If such exogenous elements are present at the work environment,
such as exposure to certain chemical and infectious agents, the
disease, even if autoimmune, should be named as an occupational
disease, as in Systemic Sclerosis associated with exposure to silica,
also called the Erasmus Syndrome [12].
A number of environmental agents have been implicated in SS de-
velopment as seen in Table 1 [6, 13, 14, 15 - 17]. Not all causal ele-
ments are solvents properly, some share structural similarities such
as vinyl chloride, and others contain solvents in the formulation,
such as epoxy resins [1].
Group of Marie et al. found also a significant association between
some metals (antimony and platinum in men and antimony, cad-
mium, lead, mercury, palladium and zinc in women) with SS [4].
Some drugs have been associated with the development of SS like
syndromes, like bleomycin, pentazocine, cocaine and taxanes
(docetaxel, paclitaxel) [18].
Table 1- Environmental agents implicated in SS development [1, 4,
6, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18].
When these exogenous factors are derived from an exposure in the
workplace, the disease should be classified as occupational, as in
the case presented here.
There is no specific laboratory test for the diagnosis of SS and there
is no marker to differentiate occupational and idiopathic disease,
although there are different clinical nuances, such as a higher
prevalence and severity of lung disease in silica exposure [5] and a
greater severity of occupational SS; in addition to the latter being
more frequent in men [2, 19]. Occupational exposure to organic
solvents is therefore a predictor of SS severity [2].
The mechanism by which solvents act in the pathogenesis of SS
remains unclear [2]. They are widely used in various activities such
as dry cleaning (tetrachlorethylene), painting (thinners, toluene),
enamel removers and glue solvents (acetone, methyl acetate, ethyl
acetate), stain removers (hexane) [2], being present in countless
professions, such as manufacturing and repairing of vehicles en-
gines, ships, aircraft; tire production, plastics, varnishes, paints,
enamels, cements, adhesives, oils, footwear, animal and synthet-
ic leather goods, metals; in the paper and dye industry, printing
works, laundries, among others [2]. Our patient reported contin-
uous and chronic occupational exposure to various types of sol-
vents, paints and chemical diluents for about 17 years, which is
compatible with the profession of vehicle mechanic. However, even
with the diagnosis of the disease a few years ago, he had never been
told to avoid contacts or change profession. Interestingly, the fact
that the disease is autoimmune seems to induce doctors to ignore
their relation to work.
To date, research on the role of plasticizers, phthalates, bisphenol
A; organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxins
and furanspecific agents; organic halogenated pollutants derived
from motor vehicles; breast implants, hair dye, prosthetics and
contact lenses; asbestos; exposure to ionizing radiation, ultraviolet
radiation and electric and magnetic fields; infections, diets, foods
and dietary contaminants did not show a convincing greater risk
for SS development [2].
Similarly, breastfeeding, age of food introduction; early exposure
to complex foods; low intake of antioxidants, fruits or fibers and
high intake of sweets or fat; low alcohol consumption; and the con-
sumption of food chemicals, such as dyes or additives, nitrates, ni-
trites and nitrosamines showed no relation to the development of
SS 2. Although smoking does not pose a major risk to the onset of
SS, smokers present significant vascular and pulmonary SS disease
[2].
The repercussions of SS on personal and work life are huge. A re-
cent French study showed that the disease generates loss of em-
ployment (41%) and a decrease in income (31%), generally second-
ary to asthenia, RP, arthralgias and digital ulcerations [20].
SS treatment may be disappointing, penicillamine has been used
for skin lesions, calcium channel blockers may help in the RP, as
well as, sildenafil and similar 6. Our patient was undergoing rheu-
matologic follow-up for several years, using methotrexate, with
partial control of the condition, but without leaving the activity
until less than 1 year before our evaluation.
4. Volume 3 Issue 1 -2020 Case Report
http://www.acmcasereport.com/ 4
Considering that there is no positive family history for rheumato-
logical and dermatological diseases, the work since youth at auto-
mobile mechanics, being exposed daily and chronically to solvents,
without adequate protection, allowed us to consider that the occu-
pational exposure in this case was the exogenous factor triggering
SS.
Even with the relation between SS and solvents identified more
than 50 years ago, there still remains a lack of knowledge by the
doctors who first receive these patients, either the occupational
physician, rheumatologist, dermatologist, or the social security
medical expert responsible for determining the causal link be-
tween work and disease. It is likely that many occupational SS have
not had the causal relationship recognized, thus, probably a review
of the occupational exposures would lead to a greater identification
of the environmental relation to SS diagnosis, with a better knowl-
edge of the toxic agents involved in its onset and the exclusion of
these substances from the professional environment.
The patient is away from the activity and was advised to a change of
job, in line with the thinking of other authors [9].
8. Conclusions
Exposure to solvents is clearly and strongly associated with SS de-
velopment and should be recognized as an occupational disease
when it occurs at the workplace.
Considering the long exposure of our patient to agents involved
in the onset of SS, we discuss the need to investigate exposure to
occupational agents in this disease in order to prevent the occur-
rence of more severe forms of the disease, as well as to implement
changes in the work environment.
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